Japanese scientific misconduct allegations

In 2010s, a series of separate allegations of scientific misconducts were raised involving several scientific papers from various Japanese universities.[1][2][3]

Shigeaki Kato

In February 1996, Shigeaki Kato, who had studied in the laboratory of Pierre Chambon, established his laboratory at the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology of the University of Tokyo. Kato was one of the most well-funded researchers in Japan and published many papers in prominent journals. From 2007, Kato and one former member of his laboratory taught research ethics at the annual meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja].[4][5]

In mid-2011, the Kato lab withdrew papers published in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2004 and 2007 due to duplicate publications.[6]

On October 26, 2011, an extensive correction of the Kato laboratory's paper was publicly announced in Nature.[7] The first author of this Nature paper is the former member who taught research ethics at the annual meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja]. This correction raised suspicions among some researchers[8] and led to their discovery that 24 of the papers published by Kato's laboratory so far contained a large number of unnatural, highly similar images and traces of modification, as shown in the anonymous 2channel threads,[9] "捏造、不正論文総合スレ 4" and "捏造、不正論文総合スレ 5." 11jigen, a famous anonymous man who had accused hundreds of papers of research misconduct, then created blogs (Japanese[10] and English[11]) and a YouTube video[1] summarizing the points made, and in early January 2012, he sent a letter of accusation to the University of Tokyo. Another letter of accusation was sent by a journal at about the same time.[12]

On March 30, 2012, a Cell paper from Kato's laboratory was retracted.[13] The retraction announcement stated that the first author refused to sign his consent to the retraction.

At the end of March 2012, Kato voluntarily resigned from the University of Tokyo.[14]

On December 11, 2012, three directors of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja], Mitsuhiro Yanagida, Fumio Hanaoka, and Keiichi Nakayama apologized for putting Kato in charge of research ethics.[15]

On July 25, 2013, a scoop article by Shigeko Segawa on the progress of the investigation was published on the top of the front page of The Asahi Shimbun newspaper.[16] This brought the seriousness of the case to the attention of the Japanese people.

On December 26, 2013, the University of Tokyo presented an interim report on the investigation of Kato's laboratory.[17]

On August 1, 2014, the first round of the investigation of Kato's laboratory was reported,[18] which identified five papers as fraudulent and indicated that Kato ordered the falsification of experimental notes in order to avoid the retraction of the papers.

On December 26, 2014, the University of Tokyo released the final report of its investigation.[19] The University of Tokyo found fraud in 33 of the 165 published papers out of the total of 165 papers they had investigated. The President of the University of Tokyo disciplined himself.

Yuji Kohara, a former president of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja], noted in the April 6, 2015 issue of AERA, "Even after reading the investigation report, we cannot determine the cause and process of why there was fraud, and we cannot take real steps to prevent recurrence."[20] On the other hand, Junichi Hamada, President of the University of Tokyo, said, "We interviewed as many as 100 people involved and conducted a careful investigation. It is unavoidable that it took time. To avoid libel in the event of a trial, we cannot speculate on matters for which we have no evidence."[20]

2014–2015 anonymous accusations ("Anonymous A")

From the end of 2014 to the beginning of 2015, an anonymous accuser (who called themself "Anonymous A") posted comments on an Internet bulletin board[21] created by Shigeru Kondo [ja]. This board had been created for the discussion of research ethics at the 2013 annual meeting of Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja].[22] The Anonymous A's comments revealed that 84 medical papers published in international journals such as Nature from Japanese research institutions between 1996 and 2008 contained image data suspected of being fabricated. The accusation was immediately spread through Japanese web sites,[23] and Japanese major newspapers and NHK began reporting from January 9, 2015.[2][24] The MEXT, Hirofumi Shimomura, revealed at a post-cabinet press conference on January 13, 2015 that a written anonymous accusation was also sent to them on January 6.[25]

Osaka University, where the largest number of papers, at 28, were identified, conducted a preliminary investigation of all suspected papers, except for one paper authored of a full professor who was formerly accused[26] and fired. The investigation denied suspicion in one paper, determined that seven papers were inadvertently misused, and terminated the investigation for the remaining 19 papers due to a lack of convincing data.[27] The University of Tokyo published a document stating its conclusion only that it had determined that there was no research misconduct.[28] Kyushu University's internal investigation found no admission of wrongdoing.[29]

On May 19, 2015, a question regarding the anonymous accuser's findings was asked by Junya Ogawa, at the Japanese House of Representatives. In answering the question, MEXT Parliamentary Secretary Tomohiro Yamamoto stated that "64 papers, 17 institutions, 33 researchers" were reported not to be fraudulent and "23 papers, 10 institutions, 16 researchers" were still under investigation.[30] In October 2016, Mitsuru Sakurai submitted a question to the Chair of the Japanese House of Councillors, pointing out that the investigation of the University of Tokyo into research misconduct was inadequate.[31] He also uncovered information that the person in charge of the investigation at the University of Tokyo was a researcher who was close to the accused.

One JBC paper published by Kanazawa University was retracted on September 4, 2015.[32] As of August 2017, fourteen papers in the journals, such as Nature,[33] have been corrected.

The same anonymous accuser also appears to have made allegations about other research papers in Japan.[34][35] As of December 7, 2023, a total of 115 papers have been pointed out, and the corresponding authors of the pointed out papers include three Japanese Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine, one of whom was obliged to make an apologetic press conference.[36] As of December 7, 2023, five papers from major journals that were not mentioned in the 2014-2015 accusations have been corrected after being pointed out.[37]

Ordinary_researchers

Ordinary_researchers refers to an anonymous individual or group that accused research misconduct involving 22 medical and life sciences papers from the University of Tokyo in August 2016.[3][38]

In the original complaint, dated August 14, 2016,[39][40][41] they accused eleven papers from four laboratories of medical professors at the University of Tokyo. The accusation letter is less than 70 pages and specifically pointed out unnatural aspects in images and graphs of papers published in the world's most prestigious journals, including Nature, Cell, and The New England Journal of Medicine, between 2003 and 2015. It states, "In view of the regularity, frequency, fairness, and seriousness of the paper's impact, it should no longer be overlooked."

A second complaint filed on August 29, 2016[42] accused additional eleven papers from two laboratories, one of which is of a professor of medicine and the other is of a professor of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Tokyo. The accusation letter, less than 40 pages long, specifically pointed out unnatural aspects in images and graphs in papers published in the world's top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, between 2005 and 2016.[3]

The accusations were repeatedly reported by mass media around the world, including Japan, and the full text of the accusations became public within a month by Science Magazine.[3]

On August 1, 2017, the University of Tokyo announced that it had found misconduct in a total of five papers from the laboratory of the professor at the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology and no misconduct in all papers from laboratories of the five professors in the Faculty of Medicine.[43][44] The Nature paper, which allegedly identified the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 by expression cloning using FACS,[45] was not investigated, citing the fact that a correction notice was issued 13 years ago.[46]

At the press conference, in response to the survey of the Faculty of Medicine that found no irregularities in any of the data, Ms. Masako Takuma said, "If it was a mistake and the data was duplicated, I would still understand. However, it is not possible to add up the data and divide by two without going to the trouble of doing so."[47]

Following the University of Tokyo's announcement, Ordinary_researchers responded to NHK and Science Magazine. As for the investigation into the medical school, Ordinary_researchers pointed out that "there is little concrete information published about what kind of verification was conducted, which makes it impossible for third parties in the scientific community to verify the doubts."[43] Asako Sugimoto, president of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan [ja], said of some of the papers which were not found to be fraudulent, "We believe that they damage the reliability of the researchers."[48]

List of the alleged papers

Case No. Journal name Publication year DOI Date of original accusation Location of original accusation 11jigen activities Journal activities Institute's Decision* References
Kato's lab 01 Genes Dev 2010 10.1101/gad.1857410 2011-12-27 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[49] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 02 JBC 2009 10.1074/jbc.M109.009738 2011-12-25 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[50] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 03 Nature 2009 10.1038/nature08456 Unknown Unknown Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 04 MCB 2009 10.1128/MCB.00884-08 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[51] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 05 PNAS 2009 10.1073/pnas.0809819106 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[52] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 06 Genes Cells 2007 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01131.x 2011-12-23 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[53] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 07 Nat Cell Biol 2007 10.1038/ncb1647 2011-12-24 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[54] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 08 MCB 2007 10.1128/MCB.02039-06 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[55] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 09 MCB 2007 10.1128/MCB.00409-07 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[56] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 10 JBC 2006 10.1074/jbc.M510157200 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[57] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 11 MCB 2007 10.1128/MCB.00813-07 2011-12-31 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[58] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 12 J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005 10.1124/jpet.105.087643 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[59] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 13 J Pharmacol Sci 2005 10.1254/jphs.fmj04008x5 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[60] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 14 Genes Cells 2004 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00777.x 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[61] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 15 EMBO J 2004 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600157 2012-01-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[62] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 16 Cell 2003 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00436-7 2011-12-24 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[63] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 17 Nature 2003 10.1038/nature01606 2011-12-25 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[64] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 18 Nat Cell Biol 2003 10.1038/ncb942 2011-12-24 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[65] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 19 MCB 2002 10.1128/MCB.22.11.3698-3706.2002 2011-12-23 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[66] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 20 NAR 2002 10.1093/nar/30.6.1387 2011-12-26 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[67] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 21 Neuron 2002 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00875-9 2011-12-28 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　５)[68] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Not be ruled out as fraud. [1]
Kato's lab 22 EMBO J 2001 10.1093/emboj/20.6.1341 2011-12-25 2channel (捏造、不正論文　総合スレ　４)[69] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [1]
Kato's lab 23 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12971 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 24 BBRC 1996 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0755 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 25 BBRC 2004 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.157 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 26 MCB 2009 10.1128/MCB.02123-07 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 27 EMBO J 2005 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600853 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 28 Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007 10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.014 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 29 Genes Cells 2008 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01244.x 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 30 Mol Cell 2002 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00478-1 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 31 Endocrinology 1999 10.1210/endo.140.5.6691 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 32 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M107844200 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 33 BBRC 2002 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00564-8 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 34 PNAS 2004 10.1073/pnas.0305303101 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 35 Oncogene 2004 10.1038/sj.onc.1207786 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 36 Genes Cells 2005 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00904.x 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 37 EMBO J 2007 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601548 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 38 Nature 2007 10.1038/nature05683 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 39 Arch Biochem Biophys 2007 10.1016/j.abb.2006.07.015 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 40 EMBO Rep 2008 10.1038/embor.2008.55 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 41 Nature 2009 10.1038/nature07954 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 42 PNAS 2009 10.1073/pnas.0901184106 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 43 JBC 2010 10.1074/jbc.M109.077024 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 44 PNAS 2010 10.1073/pnas.1010307107 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 45 Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2011 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.010736 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 46 Mol Cell 2009 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.08.017 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 47 MCB 1999 10.1128/MCB.19.8.5363 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 48 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.C000517200 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 49 PNAS 2006 10.1073/pnas.0506736102 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
Kato's lab 50 Nat Cell Biol 2007 10.1038/ncb1577 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None Retracted Fraud. The criminal is unknown. [17]
Kato's lab 51 BBRC 2010 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.167 2013-12-26 Interim report of University of Tokyo[70] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [17]
"Anonymous A" #001 Nature 1998 10.1038/34214 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #002 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.275.11.8091 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #003 Arch Biochem Biophys 2001 10.1006/abbi.2000.2266 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #004 Diabetes 2002 10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2915 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #005 Nat Med 2002 10.1038/nm724 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #006 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M213202200 2014-12-30 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #007 MBC 1996 10.1128/MCB.16.6.3074 2014-12-31 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #008 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M103241200 2014-12-31 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #009 J Clin Invest 2001 10.1172/JCI12864 2014-12-31 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #010 Nat Genet 2002 10.1038/ng829 2014-12-31 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #011 BBRC 2004 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.083 2014-12-31 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #012 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M101781200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #013 Exp Cell Res 2002 10.1006/excr.2001.5394 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #014 Oncogene 2002 10.1038/sj.onc.1205114 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #015 BBRC 2002 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00216-4 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #016 J Virol 1999 10.1128/JVI.73.11.9237-9246.1999 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #017 J Virol 2000 10.1128/jvi.74.12.5619-5628.2000 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #018 J Virol 2001 10.1128/JVI.75.8.3802-3810.2001 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #019 J Virol 2002 10.1128/jvi.76.14.7114-7124.2002 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #020 J Virol 2004 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7443-7454.2004 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #021 J Virol 2007 10.1128/JVI.02590-06 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #022 BBRC 2002 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00855-0 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #023 BBRC 2001 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6003 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #024 Circ Res 2004 10.1161/01.RES.0000129701.14494.52 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #025 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M108138200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #026 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.17.11995 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #027 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.C000212200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #028 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M209356200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #029 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M008744200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #030 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.53.38251 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #031 Nucleic Acids Res 2000 10.1093/nar/28.6.1355 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #032 DNA Repair 2007 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.01.003 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #033 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.M001144200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #034 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.C100762200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #035 EMBO J 2002 10.1093/emboj/cdf642 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #036 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M212856200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #037 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M302868200 2015-01-01 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #038 J Virol 1999 10.1128/JVI.73.10.7981-7987.1999 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #039 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M106880200 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Retracted Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #040 JBC 2004 10.1074/jbc.M401067200 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #041 Diabetes 2003 10.2337/diabetes.52.11.2657 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #042 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32309 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Completely innocent. [2]
"Anonymous A" #043 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.M909999199 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #044 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4369 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #045 Hepatology 2000 10.1053/jhep.2000.18715 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #046 J Hepatol 2004 10.1016/j.jhep.2003.12.018 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #047 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005 10.1152/ajpendo.00118.2004 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #048 BBRC 2001 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4764 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #049 J Virol 2002 10.1128/jvi.76.24.12683-12690.2002 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #050 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M305701200 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #051 J Med Virol 2006 10.1002/jmv.20556 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #052 Cancer Lett 1999 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00109-3 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #053 Leukemia 2000 10.1038/sj.leu.2401828 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #054 BBRC 2004 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.080 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #055 Cancer Lett 2008 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.017 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #056 Cancer Res 2006 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0377 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #057 BBRC 2005 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.086 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Completely innocent. [2]
"Anonymous A" #058 BBRC 2000 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3200 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #059 BBRC 2001 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4844 2015-01-02 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #060 Nat Cell Biol 1999 10.1038/70265 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #061 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M006886200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #062 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M104096200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #063 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M110795200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #064 Circulation 2002 10.1161/01.cir.0000018622.84402.ff 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #065 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M111501200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #066 JBC 2005 10.1074/jbc.M406788200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #067 JBC 2005 10.1074/jbc.M413461200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #068 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M006153200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #069 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M103853200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #070 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M005036200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #071 JBC 2002 10.1074/jbc.M204042200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #072 Endocrinology 2004 10.1210/en.2003-0792 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #073 Clin Cancer Res 2004 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0958 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #074 Endocrinology 2004 10.1210/en.2003-0709 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #075 JBC 2004 10.1074/jbc.M313709200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #076 JBC 2000 10.1074/jbc.M003491200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #077 PNAS 2000 10.1073/pnas.240303097 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #078 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8531 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #079 FASEB J 2001 10.1096/fj.00-0495fje 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #080 Nat Med 2001 10.1038/85463 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #081 JBC 2003 10.1074/jbc.M207880200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter Corrigendum Officially unknown. [2]
"Anonymous A" #082 JBC 2001 10.1074/jbc.M103848200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #083 JBC 2005 10.1074/jbc.M409969200 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #084 Cancer Res 2007 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2756 2015-01-03 Kondo's board (捏造問題にもっと怒りを)[21] Mentioned on Twitter None Not be ruled out as fraud. [2]
"Anonymous A" #085 Nature 2008 10.1038/nature07027 2013-03-05 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[71] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #086 JBC 2004 10.1074/jbc.M310822200 2013-03-07 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[72] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #087 Nat Med 2009 10.1038/nm.2014 2013-03-08 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[73] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #088 Nat Cell Biol 2004 10.1038/ncb1137 2013-03-08

2013-03-11

2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[74][75] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #089 BBRC 2004 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.119 2013-03-21 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[76] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #090 JBC 1999 10.1074/jbc.274.12.8231 2013-03-22 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[77] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #091 BBRC 2000 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2561 2013-03-22 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[77] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #092 Circulation 1999 10.1161/01.cir.100.20.2100 2013-03-27 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[78] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #093 Circulation 2003 10.1161/01.CIR.0000101923.54751.77 2013-03-27 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[79] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #094 Circulation 1998 10.1161/01.cir.97.19.1952 2013-03-28 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[80] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #095 Circ Res 1999 10.1161/01.res.84.4.458 2013-03-28 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[80] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #096 EMBO J 2000 doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.20.5533 2013-03-30

2013-04-06

2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[81][82] Created a summary blog. None Not be ruled out as fraud. [36]
"Anonymous A" #097 Hypertension 1998 10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.50 2013-04-16 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[83] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Fraud. [84]
"Anonymous A" #098 Circ Res 1998 10.1161/01.res.83.7.752 2013-04-16 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[85] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Fraud. [84]
"Anonymous A" #099 J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 10.1097/01.asn.0000050415.97942.2f 2013-04-16 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[85] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Fraud. [84]
"Anonymous A" #100 Hypertens Res 2005 10.1291/hypres.28.447 2013-05-07 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ３)[86] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. Corrigendum Fraud. [84]
"Anonymous A" #101 J Pharmacol Sci 2005 10.1254/jphs.fp0050160 2013-05-07 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ３)[86] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Fraud. [84]
"Anonymous A" #102 Circulation 2003 10.1161/01.cir.0000055331.41937.aa 2013-08-20 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６)[87] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #103 Hypertension 2006 10.1161/01.HYP.0000240266.26185.57 2013-08-20 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６)[87] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #104 Mol Pharmacol 2005 10.1124/mol.104.008144 2013-08-21 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６)[88] Mentioned on Twitter None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #105 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc 2012 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.249516 2013-08-21 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６)[89] None Corrigendum Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #106 Nature 1998 10.1038/27945 2014-01-23 Molecular Biology Society of Japan's board[90] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #107 Circulation 2006 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.626606 2013-03-27 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[91] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #108 Circulation 2002 10.1161/01.cir.0000027823.07104.86 2013-03-27 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[92] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #109 Circulation 2002 10.1161/hc1002.105225 2013-03-20 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１)[93] Created a summary blog. Filed an accusation. None Unknown. [35]
"Anonymous A" #110 Arthritis Rheum 2000 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<259::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-W 2013-03-31 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[94] None None Unknown. [95]
"Anonymous A" #111 J Clin Invest 1999 10.1172/JCI6093 2013-04-01 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２)[96] None None Unknown. [95]
"Anonymous A" #112 JBC 2006 10.1074/jbc.M601645200 2018-10-26 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ４７)[97] None Retracted Already retracted.
"Anonymous A" #113 PNAS 2002 10.1073/pnas.232562799 2019-04-24 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ４９)[98] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #114 Front Microbiol 2020 10.3389/fmicb.2020.628281 2021-08-23 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６２)[99] None None Unknown.
"Anonymous A" #115 BBRC 2004 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.104 2023-12-07 2channel (捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６６)[99] None None Unknown.
"Ordinary_researchers" ##01 Nature 2003 10.1038/nature01705 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##02 Nat Med 2007 10.1038/nm1557 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##03 Diabetologia 2008 10.1007/s00125-008-0944-9 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##04 Nature 2010 10.1038/nature08991 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##05 Cell Metab 2011 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.010 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##06 Diabetologia 2012 10.1007/s00125-012-2711-1 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##07 Nature 2013 10.1038/nature12656 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##08 Nat Med 2011 10.1038/nm.2337 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##09 N Engl J Med 2013 10.1056/NEJMoa1212115 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##10 Nat Med 2014 10.1038/nm.3432 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##11 Cell 2015 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.013 2016-08-14 letter to University of Tokyo[39][41] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##12 Nat Commun 2016 10.1038/ncomms11635 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##13 Int Heart J 2016 10.1536/ihj.15-332 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##14 Sci Rep 2015 10.1038/srep14453 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##15 Sci Rep 2016 10.1038/srep25009 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##16 Cell 2005 10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.013 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##17 Nature 2008 10.1038/nature07217 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None Corrigendum Fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##18 Science 2010 10.1126/science.1194498 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None Corrigendum Fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##19 Nat Cell Biol 2010 10.1038/ncb2052 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None None Not be ruled out as fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##20 Nature 2011 10.1038/nature10179 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None Corrigendum Fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##21 EMBO Rep 2011 10.1038/embor.2011.188 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None Corrigendum Fraud. [3]
"Ordinary_researchers" ##22 Science 2015 10.1126/science.aaa2655 2016-08-29 letter to University of Tokyo[42] None Retracted Fraud. [3]

*"Officially unknown" means that it was reported in the mass media that it could not be ruled out as fraudulent, but the institute has not made an official announcement. "Completely innocent" means that the experimental notebooks was opened to the public and logical explanation was provided.

See also

Other Japanese major scientific misconducts

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Whistleblower Uses YouTube to Assert Claims of Scientific Misconduct". Science Insider. January 25, 2012. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch Saito, Hiroko (January 9, 2015). "生命科学論文:「画像不正」ネット投稿 阪大や東大確認へ". Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "University of Tokyo to investigate data manipulation charges against six prominent research groups". Science. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  4. ^ "第32回日本分子生物学会年会 若手教育ランチョンセミナー2009 あなたのデータは大丈夫？ 正しい知識があなたを救う！" [Luncheon Seminar for Young Scientists on the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan. 2009 Is Your Data Safe? Knowledge will save you!]. 実験医学online (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  5. ^ "2008年12月 日本分子生物学会 若手教育シンポジウム 記録全文 『今こそ示そう科学者の良心2008 －みんなで考える科学的不正問題－』" [Full text of the proceedings of the Young Scientists' Educational Symposium of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan "Let's Show Our Conscience 2008: Scientific Fraud Issues for Everyone to Consider", December 2008] (PDF) (in Japanese). Molecular Biology Society of Japan. December 9, 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  6. ^ "The new math: How to up your citations (hint: duplication). Plus a correction for Naoki Mori". Retraction Watch. June 17, 2011. Archived from the original on October 22, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  7. ^ Kim, Mi-sun; Kondo, Takeshi; Takada, Ichiro; Youn, Min-young; Yamamoto, Yoko; Takahashi, Sayuri; Matsumoto, Takahiro; Fujiyama, Sally; Shirode, Yuko; Yamaoka, Ikuko; Kitagawa, Hirochika; Takeyama, Ken-ichi; Shibuya, Hiroshi; Ohtake, Fumiaki; Kato, Shigeaki (October 26, 2011). "Erratum: DNA demethylation for hormone-induced transcriptional derepression". Nature. 480 (7375): 132. doi:10.1038/nature10604. ISSN 1476-4687.
  8. ^ "論文不正は止められるのか ～始まった防止への取り組み～" [Can paper fraud be stopped?: the prevention efforts that have begun]. クローズアップ現代+ (in Japanese). NHK. March 10, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  9. ^ Tanaka, Kazuo (2015). "インターネットにおける論文不正発覚史" [The History of the Uncovering of Paper Fraud on the Internet] (PDF). Journal of the Japan Skeptics (in Japanese) (24): 4–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2023.
  10. ^ "東京大学 分子細胞生物学研究所 加藤茂明グループの論文捏造、研究不正". goo blog (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  11. ^ "Shigeaki Kato (the University of Tokyo)". katolab-imagefraud.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  12. ^ "医療タイムス No.2123". METEO Inc. (in Japanese). September 2, 2013. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  13. ^ Kitagawa, Hirochika; Fujiki, Ryoji; Yoshimura, Kimihiro; Mezaki, Yoshihiro; Uematsu, Yoshikatsu; Matsui, Daisuke; Ogawa, Satoko; Unno, Kiyoe; Okubo, Mataichi; Tokita, Akifumi; Nakagawa, Takeya; Ito, Takashi; Ishimi, Yukio; Nagasawa, Hiromichi; Matsumoto, Toshio; Yanagisawa, Junn; Kato, Shigeaki (March 30, 2012). "Retraction Notice to: The Chromatin-Remodeling Complex WINAC Targets a Nuclear Receptor to Promoters and Is Impaired in Williams Syndrome". Cell. 149 (1): 245. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.008. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 22464333.
  14. ^ "Forty-Three University of Tokyo Papers Are Tainted, Says Japanese News Report". Science. July 25, 2013. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  15. ^ "緊急フォーラム「研究不正を考える―PIの立場から、若手の立場から―」 全文記録" [Urgent Forum "Considering Research Misconduct – From the Standpoint of PIs and Young Scientists": Full text record] (PDF) (in Japanese). Molecular Biology Society of Japan. December 11, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  16. ^ "東大43論文に改ざん・捏造疑い 元教授グループ". The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). July 25, 2013. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "記者会見「東京大学分子細胞生物学研究所旧加藤研究室における論文不正に関する調査（中間報告）」の実施について" [Press Conference: Investigation on the Misconduct of Papers in the Former Kato Laboratory of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, the University of Tokyo. Interim Report] (in Japanese). University of Tokyo. December 26, 2013. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  18. ^ "記者会見「東京大学分子細胞生物学研究所・旧加藤研究室における論文不正に関する調査報告（ 第一次 ）」の実施について" [Press Conference: First Report of the Investigation into the Misconduct of a Publication in the Former Kato Laboratory of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, the University of Tokyo] (in Japanese). University of Tokyo. August 1, 2014. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  19. ^ "記者会見「東京大学分子細胞生物学研究所・旧加藤研究室における論文不正に関する調査報告（ 最終 ）」の実施について" [Press Conference: Final Report on the Investigation into the Misconduct of Publication in the Former Kato Laboratory of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Tokyo] (in Japanese). University of Tokyo. December 26, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  20. ^ a b "東大で3人博士号取り消し 研究不正の闇" [Three PhDs Revoked at University of Tokyo; Research Misconduct in the Dark]. AERA dot. March 30, 2015. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg "捏造問題にもっと怒りを" [Why there should be more outrage over scientific fabrications]. scienceinjapan.org (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016. Almost all of Anonymous A's approximately 4,000 comments were deleted by the website's administrator in January 2017, but six comments pointing out the questionable 84 papers can be found in "Doctor G 3 のメディカル・ポプリ" (Archived 2019-07-24 at the Wayback Machine). Some of the other deleted comments can also be viewed in the following archive: (January 6, 2015 11:59:18 UTC); (January 15, 2015 05:51:11 UTC); () [Japanese]
  22. ^ "理事会企画フォーラム「研究公正性の確保のために今何をすべきか？」" [Board Planning Forum, "What Must Be Done Now to Ensure Research Fairness?"]. Molecular Biology Society of Japan (in Japanese). December 3, 2013. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  23. ^ "r3hso.pdf" (PDF). January 5, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
  24. ^ "阪大が論文不正ないか予備調査 - NHK 関西 News Web". NHK (in Japanese). February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  25. ^ "下村博文文部科学大臣記者会見録" [Press Conference of Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Hirofumi Shimomura] (in Japanese). January 13, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  26. ^ Fuyuno, Ichiko; Cyranoski, David (September 1, 2006). "Mystery surrounds lab death". Nature. 443 (7109): 253. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..253F. doi:10.1038/443253a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16988672. S2CID 5300169.
  27. ^ "大阪大: 論文疑惑 予備調査27本の調査打ち切り" [Osaka University: Paper scandal: 27 preliminary investigations terminated]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). April 8, 2015. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  28. ^ "インターネット上で指摘のあった論文の画像データに係る調査結果について" [Results of an Investigation Concerning Image Data of Papers Pointed Out on the Internet]. University of Tokyo. July 31, 2015. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  29. ^ "九州大: 論文5本に画像取り違えミス「不正行為なかった」" [Kyushu University: Mistaken Images in Five Papers: "No Misconduct"]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  30. ^ "第189回国会 科学技術・イノベーション推進特別委員会 第3号" [189th Session of the Diet, Special Committee on the Promotion of Science, Technology and Innovation, No. 3] (in Japanese). House of Representatives. May 19, 2015. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  31. ^ "東京大学の研究不正の調査のあり方に関する質問主意書" [Questionnaire on how research misconduct should be investigated at the University of Tokyo] (in Japanese). House of Councillors. October 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  32. ^ Qin, Weiping; Luo, Hong; Nomura, Takahiro; Hayashi, Naoyuki; Yamashita, Tatsuya; Murakami, Seishi (September 4, 2015). "Oligomeric interaction of hepatitis C virus NS5B is critical for catalytic activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (36): 22310. doi:10.1074/jbc.A115.106880. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 5399519. PMID 26341883. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  33. ^ Sakahira, Hideki; Enari, Masato; Nagata, Shigekazu (October 29, 2015). "Correction: Corrigendum: Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis". Nature. 526 (7575): 728. doi:10.1038/nature15532. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26416741.
  34. ^ "匿名A氏がこれまでにネット上で指摘した'類似画像を含む論文' 111報" [111 papers containing similar images pointed out by Anonymous A on the Internet so far]. 日本の科学と技術 (in Japanese). September 25, 2016. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Husten, Larry. "Suspicions Raised About Another Japanese Cardiovascular Researcher". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  36. ^ a b Landers, Peter (April 28, 2014). "Japanese Nobel Winner Latest to Apologize Over Stem-Cell Research". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  37. ^ Zhu, Weidong; Shiojima, Ichiro; Ito, Yuzuru; Li, Zhi; Ikeda, Hiroyuki; Yoshida, Masashi; Naito, Atsuhiko T.; Nishi, Jun-ichiro; Ueno, Hiroo; Umezawa, Akihiro; Minamino, Tohru; Nagai, Toshio; Kikuchi, Akira; Asashima, Makoto; Komuro, Issei (February 13, 2014). "Correction: Corrigendum: IGFBP-4 is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signalling required for cardiogenesis". Nature. 506 (7487): 254. doi:10.1038/nature13003. ISSN 1476-4687.
  38. ^ "News at a glance". Science. 353 (6306): 1344–1346. September 22, 2016. doi:10.1126/science.353.6306.1344. ISSN 0036-8075. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "告発文１_5cvq.pdf Ordinary_researchers 2016-08-14 [Japanese" (PDF). scienceandtechnology.jp. August 14, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  40. ^ "告発文２_5cvr.pdf Ordinary_researchers 2016-08-14 [Japanese" (PDF). scienceandtechnology.jp. August 14, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ordinary_researchers 2016-08-14 [Japanese" (PDF). August 14, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ordinary_researchers 2016-08-29 [Japanese" (PDF). August 29, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  43. ^ a b "University of Tokyo probe says chromosome team doctored images". Science. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  44. ^ Cyranoski, David (August 1, 2017). "University says prominent Japanese cell biologist committed misconduct". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22394. ISSN 1476-4687. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  45. ^ Yamauchi, Toshimasa; Kamon, Junji; Ito, Yusuke; Tsuchida, Atsushi; Yokomizo, Takehiko; Kita, Shunbun; Sugiyama, Takuya; Miyagishi, Makoto; Hara, Kazuo; Tsunoda, Masaki; Murakami, Koji (June 12, 2003). "Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects". Nature. 423 (6941): 762–769. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..762Y. doi:10.1038/nature01705. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 12802337. S2CID 52860797. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  46. ^ Yamauchi, Toshimasa; Kamon, Junji; Ito, Yusuke; Tsuchida, Atsushi; Yokomizo, Takehiko; Kita, Shunbun; Sugiyama, Takuya; Miyagishi, Makoto; Hara, Kazuo; Tsunoda, Masaki; Murakami, Koji (October 28, 2004). "Correction: Corrigendum: Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects". Nature. 431 (7012): 1123. doi:10.1038/nature03091. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4406266.
  47. ^ Takuma, Masako (August 14, 2017). "論文不正の告発を受けた東京大学（3） 告発通りに図版の誤りはあったが……". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  48. ^ "東京大学における「研究不正の申立てに関する調査結果報告」について" [On the Results of the Investigation into Allegations of Research Misconduct at the University of Tokyo] (PDF) (in Japanese). The Molecular Biology Society of Japan. August 4, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  49. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.893". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  50. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.776". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  51. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.389". uni.5ch.net. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  52. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.372". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  53. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.527". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  54. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.879". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  55. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.403". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  56. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.310". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  57. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.411". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  58. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.424". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  59. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res. 436". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  60. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.437". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  61. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.447". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  62. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.375". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  63. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.557". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  64. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.743". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  65. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.570". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  66. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.526". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  67. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.774". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  68. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ５ Res.106". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  69. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレ ４ Res.669". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "分子細胞生物学研究所旧加藤研究室における論文不正の疑いに関する調査状況" [Status of Investigation into Suspected Paper Misconduct at the Former Kato Laboratory of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology] (PDF) (in Japanese). University of Tokyo. December 26, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  71. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.549". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  72. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.582". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  73. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.593". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  74. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.602". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  75. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.678". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  76. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.912". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  77. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１ Res.947". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  78. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.145". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  79. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.146". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  80. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.178". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  81. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.240". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  82. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.511". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  83. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.788". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  84. ^ a b c d e "論文9本に捏造や改ざん、熊本大院教授らの不正認定". The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  85. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.789". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  86. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ3 Res.269". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  87. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６ Res.74". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  88. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６ Res.126". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  89. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ６ Res.177". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  90. ^ Currently dead. The copy of the content is here: https://uni.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/life/1388073042/954 (Archived 2022-11-02 at the Wayback Machine) (Japanese).
  91. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.149". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  92. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.151". uni.5ch.net. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  93. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ１". uni.5ch.net (in Japanese). Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  94. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.287". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  95. ^ a b "「ペテン師」だらけの東大医学部". 【公式】三万人のための総合情報誌『選択』- 選択出版 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  96. ^ "捏造、不正論文 総合スレネオ２ Res.342". uni.5ch.net. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  97. ^ "捏造、不正論文、総合スレネオ47 Res.712". rio2016.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  98. ^ "捏造、不正論文、総合スレネオ49 Res.988". rio2016.5ch.net. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  99. ^ a b "捏造、不正論文、総合スレネオ66 Res.935". rio2016.5ch.net. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.

Read other articles:

Monarchy of Thailand

Hereditary head of state of Thailand King of Thailandพระมหากษัตริย์แห่งราชอาณาจักรไทยRoyal StandardIncumbentVajiralongkorn (Rama X)since 13 October 2016[1] DetailsStyleHis MajestyHeir presumptiveDipangkorn RasmijotiFirst monarchSri Indraditya of SukhothaiFormation1238; 785 years ago (1238)ResidenceGrand Palace(ceremonial)Dusit Palace(residential)Websitewww.royaloffice.th Politics of Thailand Constit...

 

Nikolai Pukhov

Nama ini menggunakan aturan penamaan Slavia Timur; nama patronimiknya adalah Pavlovich dan nama keluarganya adalah Pukhov. Nikolai PukhovLahir25 Januari 1895Desa Grishovo, Volost Tyrnovskaya, Uyezd Peremyshlsky, Kegubernuran Kaluga, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal28 Maret 1958(1958-03-28) (umur 63)Moskwa, Uni SovietDikebumikanPemakaman NovodevichyPengabdian Kekaisaran Rusia Uni Soviet Dinas/cabang Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Rusia Tentara Merah (kemudian Angkatan Darat Uni Soviet) Lama ...

 

Maximilien de Robespierre

Maximilien de RobespierreNama dalam bahasa asli(fr) Maximilien de Robespierre (Español) BiografiKelahiran6 Mei 1758 Arras Kematian28 Juli 1794 (36 tahun)Paris Penyebab kematianPemancungan Tempat pemakamanErrancis Cemetery (en) Katakomba Paris  45è President of the National Convention (en)  4 Juni 1794 – 19 Juni 1794 ← Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois (en) – Élie Lacoste (en)  →  26è President of the National Convention (en) ...

Motuara Island

Motuara IslandThe wooden lookout tower on the summit of Motuara Island, near to where, in 1770, Captain Cook proclaimed British sovereignty over Queen Charlotte SoundGeographyLocationMarlborough SoundsCoordinates41°05.5′S 174°16.5′E / 41.0917°S 174.2750°E / -41.0917; 174.2750Highest elevation128 m (420 ft)AdministrationDepartment of Conservation (New Zealand)DemographicsPopulation0Additional informationBird sanctuary Motuara Island is a scenic an...

 

Hapoel Ironi Kirjat Schmona

Hapoel Ironi Kirjat Schmona Basisdaten Name Hapoel Ironi Kirjat Schmona Football Club Sitz Kirjat Schmona Gründung 2000 Präsident Israel Izzy Sheratzky Website iturank8.co.il Erste Fußballmannschaft Cheftrainer Israel Kobi Refua Spielstätte Städtisches Stadion Kirjat Schmona Plätze 5.300 Liga Ligat ha’Al 2021/22 7. Platz Heim Auswärts Altes Logo, 2000–2012 Hapoel Ironi Kirjat Schmona (hebräisch מוֹעֲדוֹן כַּדּוּרֶגֶל הַפּוֹעֵל עִירוֹנִי ק

 

Shipley Do-Nuts

American doughnut company and coffeehouse chain This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Shipley Do-NutsShipley location, TallahasseeTypePrivateIndustrydoughnut shopscoffeehouseFounded1936; 87 years ago (1936)FounderLawr...

Trynidad i Tobago na Zimowych Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2022

Trynidad i Tobago na Zimowych Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2022 Kod MKOl TTO Zimowe Igrzyska Olimpijskie 2022Pekin Chorąży Andre Marcano Liczba zawodników 3 w 1 konkurencji w 1 dyscyplinie Medale Złoto0 Srebro0 Brąz0 Razem0 Trynidad i Tobago na Zimowych Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2022 – występ kadry sportowców reprezentujących Trynidad i Tobago na igrzyskach olimpijskich, które odbyły się w Pekinie, w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej, w dniach 4-20 lutego 2022 roku. Reprezentacja Trynidadu i...

 

Libertad de expresión

Eleanor Roosevelt y la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (1949) — El artículo 19. La libertad de expresión es un principio que apoya la libertad de un individuo o un colectivo de articular sus opiniones e ideas sin temor a represalias, censura o sanción posterior.[1]​[2]​[3]​[4]​[5]​ La libertad de expresión se reconoce como un derecho humano en virtud del artículo 19 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (DUDH) y se reconoce en...

 

Китаизмы в японском языке

Японская научная терминология почти полностью заимствована из китайского языка Канго (яп. 漢語, китаизмы в японском языке) — часть лексики японского языка, которая была заимствована из китайского языка или составлена в Японии из заимствованных элементов. Канго — ...

Better the Devil You Know

1990 single by Kylie Minogue For the 1993 UK Eurovision Song Contest entry by Sonia, see Better the Devil You Know (Sonia song). Better the Devil You KnowSingle by Kylie Minoguefrom the album Rhythm of Love B-sideI'm Over Dreaming (Over You)Released30 April 1990 (1990-04-30)[1]StudioLondon, EnglandGenreDance-popLength3:54Label Mushroom PWL Songwriter(s) Mike Stock Matt Aitken Pete Waterman Producer(s)Stock Aitken WatermanKylie Minogue singles chronology Tears on My Pill...

 

The Archangel Raphael and Tobias (Titian)

Painting by Titian The Archangel Raphael and TobiasYearc. 1512−1514Catalogue1325MediumOil on panelDimensions170 cm × 146 cm (67 in × 57 in)LocationGallerie dell'Accademia, Venice The Archangel Raphael and Tobias (Italian: Arcangelo Raffaele e Tobiolo) is an oil painting by Titian, dated to about 1512 to 1514, which is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. Another painting by Titian on the same theme, entitled Tobias and the Angel (To...

 

Juliet Schor

American economist and sociologist Juliet Schor in CORE project interview in 2015 Juliet B. Schor (born 1955) is an American economist and Sociology Professor at Boston College.[1] She has studied trends in working time, consumerism, the relationship between work and family, women's issues and economic inequality, and concerns about climate change in the environment.[2] From 2010 to 2017, she studied the sharing economy under a large research project funded by the MacArthur Fo...

The Aegis & Intelligencer

Newspaper published in Bel Air, Maryland, US The Aegis & IntelligencerThe cover page of the March 18, 1864 issue of The Aegis & IntelligencerTypeWeekly newspaperOwner(s)Walter Finney and Louis Dashiell (1899-1904), John D. Worthington (1904-1923)Founder(s)John CoxPublisherBateman & Baker (1864-1869), F.W. Baker (1869-1894), Frank E. Gorrell (1894-1899), Walter Finney and Louis Dashiell (1899-1904), John D. Worthington (1904-1923)EditorA. W. Bateman (1864-1869), Frederick W. Baker ...

 

Stolpersteine in Charleroi

Stolpersteine in Rue de la Régence, 60 for Abraham Keusch, Nuchem and Rosa Bialek,Photographer: Christian Michelides, 2016 This article describes all Stolpersteine that have been placed in Charleroi, Belgium. Stolpersteine is the German word for stumbling blocks placed all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fates of people who were murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide by the Nazis. Generally, the stumbling blocks are placed in front of the building where...

 

The Dorchester Review

Canadian history journal The Dorchester ReviewEditorsC. P. ChampionMichael R. Jackson BonnerJames W. J. BowdenF. H. BuckleyDonal LowryPhilip MarchandGregory MelleuishJohn PepallPhyllis ReeveJohn RobsonAlastair Sweeny[1]CategoriesHistory and cultureFrequencySemi-annualCirculation800First issueJune 1, 2011; 12 years ago (2011-06-01)CountryCanadaBased inOttawaLanguageEnglishWebsitewww.dorchesterreview.caISSN1925-7600 This article is part of a series onCon...

Доминик, Эндрю

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Доминик. Эндрю Доминикангл. Andrew Dominik Дата рождения 7 октября 1967(1967-10-07) (56 лет) Место рождения Веллингтон, Новая Зеландия Страна  Австралия Новая Зеландия Род деятельности кинорежиссер, продюсер, сцена...

 

Lebanese people in Sierra Leone

Ethnic diaspora Lebanese people in Sierra LeoneTotal population3,000[1]ReligionIslam and ChristianityRelated ethnic groupsLebanese diaspora Part of a series of articles onLebanese peopleEmblem of Lebanon(Lebanese cedar) Lebanese people Lebanese people by religion: Lebanese Muslims Shia Sunni Druze Lebanese Christians Maronite Greek Orthodox Melkite Protestant CommunitiesNative communities outside of Lebanon: Cyprus Syria Lebanese diaspora: Europe Germany France United Kingdom Sweden G...

 

Dwight Freeney

American football player (born 1980) American football player Dwight FreeneyFreeney with the Colts in 2010No. 93, 54Position:Defensive end LinebackerPersonal informationBorn: (1980-02-18) February 18, 1980 (age 44)Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.Height:6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)Weight:268 lb (122 kg)Career informationHigh school:Bloomfield(Bloomfield, Connecticut)College:Syracuse (1998–2001)NFL draft:2002 / Round: 1 / Pick: 11Career history Indianapolis ...

Computer Generated Imagery

この項目「Computer Generated Imagery」は翻訳されたばかりのものです。不自然あるいは曖昧な表現などが含まれる可能性があり、このままでは読みづらいかもしれません。（原文：10:57, 13 May 2015(UTC)） 修正、加筆に協力し、現在の表現をより自然な表現にして下さる方を求めています。ノートページや履歴も参照してください。（2015年6月） 「Common Gateway Interface」とは異なり...

 

Elphaba

Fictional character from Wicked Elphie redirects here. For man obsessed with fictional characters with similar names, see Elfi. Fictional character ElphabaThe Wicked Years characterMyra Ruiz as Elphaba in the original Brazilian production of the musical version of Wicked.First appearanceWicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West (1995)Created byGregory MaguireBased onWicked Witch of the Westby L. Frank BaumPortrayed byIdina Menzel (musical adaptation) Cynthia Erivo (two-part f...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!