Jan Paweł Woronicz (1757 – 1829) was a Polish clergyman, orator, and poet. He lived through major periods such as the Partitions of Poland and Napoleonic Wars, and his work included themes from these events. At the time of his death, he was simultaneously the Bishop of Kraków (1815-1829), Bishop of Warsaw (1827-1829), and Primate of Poland.
Biography
Jan Paweł Woronicz was born into the nobility near Tajkury. His early education was with the Jesuits in Ostróg, and he later entered a seminary in Warsaw to become a priest by 1784.[1] According to writer Stanisław Baczyński, Woronicz's notoriety began to grow during his time as parish priest of Liw. During the Great Sejm (1788-1792), he became even more well known for his speeches.[2]
Woronicz eventually moved to a rectory in the Puławy region and became associated with the Czartoryski family. It was around this time that he produced his first notable work of poetry, Sybilli, which was published much later in 1818.[2]
Woronicz's prestige grew more when he was made a state councilor during the period of Napoleon's influence in Poland.[3] He presided over the funerals of Tadeusz Kościuszko and Józef Poniatowski in the 1810s.[4] He was then made Bishop of Kraków in 1815 and Bishop of Warsaw in 1827.[1] As bishop, he commissioned works for the Bishop's Palace that glorified the Kościuszko Uprising and pre-partition Poland.[5]
Historian Piotr S. Wandycz described Woronicz's works as favoring the classical tradition while limiting literary innovation. As such, Woronicz and his peers preferred odes and grand poems as tools to glorify the Dutchy of Warsaw, Napoleon, or other core elements of contemporary Polish patriotism.[6]Anna Nasiłowska also notes themes of classical antiquity in Woronicz's early poem, Sybilli. In the poem, Woronicz combines imagery of Troy and Rome with that of the fall and anticipated rise of Poland.[7] Woronicz's poem Hymn do Boga (1805) is described as a messianic version of Polish history that eventually influenced poets after Woronicz.[8]
^ abcTarnowski, Stanislaw (1909). Wypisy polskie dla klas wyższych szkół gimnazyalnych. Vol. 1. Poland: Nakł. Towarzystwa nauczycieli szkół wyższych. p. 412. OCLC679746137 – via Google Books.
^ abBaczyński, Stanisław (1924). Literatura pie̜kna Polski porozbiorowej, 1794-1863. Part 1. Poland: Nakł. Wydawn. Polskiego. p. 29 – via Google Books.
^Czubaty, J. (2016). The Duchy of Warsaw, 1807-1815: A Napoleonic Outpost in Central Europe. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 156.
^Nungovitch, P. A. (2018). Here All Is Poland: A Pantheonic History of Wawel, 1787–2010. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. p. 216.
^Facos, M. (Ed.). (2018). A companion to nineteenth-century art. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 398.
^Wandycz, P. S. (1975). The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918. United Kingdom: University of Washington Press. p. 98.
^Nasiłowska, Anna (2024). "4". A History of Polish Literature (ebook). Boston: Academic Studies Press. ISBN9798887192796.
^Cushman, S. (2017). The Princeton handbook of world poetries (R. Greene, Ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 432.
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