Jammala
Municipality type C in Ramallah and al-Bireh, State of Palestine
Jammala (Arabic : جمّالا ) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate , located 18 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank . According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,664 inhabitants in 2017.[ 2]
Jammala, together with Beitillu and Deir 'Ammar , form the new town of Al-Ittihad .[ 1]
Location of Al-Ittihad
Al-Itihad is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah . Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh lands to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al , Deir Nidham and 'Abud lands to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to the west, and Ras Karkar , Kharbatha Bani Harith , Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya villages to the south.[ 1]
History
Potsherds from the Hellenistic ,[ 4] Roman [ 4] Byzantine [ 4] [ 5] Caphar Gamala , a place mentioned in the Luciani Epistola . The "Tomb of Gamiliel " was supposedly discovered here in 415 CE.[ 6]
It has been suggested that this was Gemmail , mentioned in Frankish sources,[ 7] [ 4]
Ottoman era
Jammala was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine , and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya liwa Al-Quds . It had a population of 22 household; who were all Muslims . They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 11,000 akçe .[ 8] [ 4]
In 1838 Jemmala was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem.[ 9]
In May, 1870, Victor Guérin found the village, which he called Djemmala , to have 350 inhabitants. He further noted that some houses were constructed of stones, which by their size and regularity "spoke of ancient times".[ 10] Dschemali , had a population of 246, in a total of 36 houses, though the population count included men, only.[ 11] [ 12]
In 1882, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine Jemmala as: "a very small village, with a little mosque on high ground."[ 13]
In 1896 the population of Dschemali was estimated to be about 312 persons.[ 14]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jammala had a population of 119 Muslims,[ 15] 1931 census to 164 Muslims, in 53 houses.[ 16]
In the 1945 statistics the population of Jammala was 200 Muslims,[ 17] dunams , according to an official land and population survey.[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Jammala 1944 1:20,000
Jammala 1945 1:250,000
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements , Jammala came under Jordanian rule .
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 322 inhabitants in Jammala.[ 21]
1967-present
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jammala has been under Israeli occupation . The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 268, of whom 15 originated from the Israeli territory.[ 22]
After the 1995 accords , 41.2% of Al-Ittihad land is defined as Area B land, while the remaining 58.8% is defined as Area C . Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements : Nahl'iel , Na'aleh , Talmon and Hallamish .[ 23]
References
^ a b c Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 4-5^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF) . Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine . February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24 .^ Palmer, 1881, p. 229
^ a b c d e Finkelstein et al 1997, p. 214
^ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 829–830
^ Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine" . Qedem . 5 : 46. ISSN 0333-5844 . ^ Röhricht, 1887, p. 213
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. 124
^ Guérin, 1875, p. 82
^ Socin, 1879, p. 153 . It was also noted to be in the Beni Harit district
^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 126 , also noted 36 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 294
^ Schick, 1896, pp. 122 , 124
^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
^ Mills, 1932, p.49
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24 It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a mukhtar .
^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF) . Levy Economics Institute . Retrieved 24 January 2018 . ^ Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 16-17
Bibliography
Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Conder, C.R. ; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations ISBN 0-860549-05-4 Finkelstein, I. ; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). Highlands of many cultures Tel Aviv : Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. ISBN 965-440-007-3 Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF) . Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945 Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 6 : 102–149.Hütteroth, W.-D. ; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century ISBN 3-920405-41-2 Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .Robinson, E. ; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Crocker & Brewster .Röhricht, R. (1887). "Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 10 : 195–344.Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 19 : 120–127.Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 2 : 135–163.
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