Deir 'Ammar
Municipality type D in Ramallah and al-Bireh, State of Palestine
Deir 'Ammar (Arabic : دير عمار ) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate , located 17 km (11 mi) northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank . According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 3,353 inhabitants in 2017.[ 2]
Deir 'Ammar, together with Beitillu and Jammala , form the new town of Al-Ittihad .[ 1]
Etymology
The name is of Arabic origin, meaning "The Monastery of 'Ammar (p.n.)."[ 4]
Location of Al-Ittihad
Al-Itihad is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah . Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al , Deir Nidham and 'Abud to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to the west, and Ras Karkar , Kharbatha Bani Harith , Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya to the south.[ 1]
History
Potsherds from the Middle Bronze Age , Iron Age I , Iron Age II, Hellenistic , Roman and Mamluk eras have been found at Deir 'Ammar. Two Iron Age olive presses were also found here.[ 5]
Just southwest of the village is the archeological site of Khirbet e-Shune , a large ruin from the Iron Age, Hellenistic and Early Roman periods that may be identified with the ancient town of Ramathaim , which was a capital of a toparchy under the Hasmonean kingdom.[ 6] [ 7]
Ottoman era
Dayr Ammar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine , and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya liwa Al-Quds . It had a population of 33 household, who were all Muslims . They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards/fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 10,400 akçe . All of the revenue went to a Waqf .[ 8] [ 5]
In 1838 Deir Ammar was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem.[ 9]
In May, 1870, Victor Guérin found the village to be of equal importance to Jammala , and that there was a stream between the two villages where the women went for water when their own cisterns went dry.[ 10] Der Ammar had 35 houses and a population of 226, though the population count included only men.[ 11] [ 12]
In 1882, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine Deir Ammar as: "a village of medium size on a hill, with a well about 1/2 mile to the west."[ 13]
In 1896 the population of Der Ammar was estimated to be about 357 persons.[ 14]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Dair 'Ammar had a population of 265 Muslims ,[ 15] 1931 census to 316 Muslims in 81 houses.[ 16]
In the 1945 statistics the population was 350 Muslims,[ 17] dunams , according to an official land and population survey.[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements , Deir 'Ammar came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 2,243 inhabitants in Deir 'Ammar.[ 21]
1967-present
After the Six-Day War in 1967, Deir 'Ammar came under Israeli occupation .
After the 1995 accords , 41.2% of Al-Ittihad land was classified as Area B , while the remaining 58.8% was classified as Area C . Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements : Nahl'iel , Na'aleh , Talmon and Hallamish .[ 22]
References
^ a b c Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 4-5^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF) . Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine . February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24 .^ Palmer, 1881, p. 228
^ Marom, Roy; Zadok, Ran (2023). "Early-Ottoman Palestinian Toponymy: A Linguistic Analysis of the (Micro-)Toponyms in Haseki Sultan's Endowment Deed (1552)" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 139 (2). ^ a b Finkelstein et al, 1997, pp. 224-225
^ Raviv, Dvir (2019-07-03). "Granting of the Toparchies of Ephraim, Ramathaim and Lod to Hasmonean Judea" . Tel Aviv . 46 (2): 267. doi :10.1080/03344355.2019.1650500 . ISSN 0334-4355 . ^ Raviv, Dvir (2021). "זיהויה של רמתים: בירת טופארכיה מן התקופה החשמונאית" [The identification of Ramathaim: the capital of a toparchy from the Hasmonean period]. Judea and Samaria Research Studies (in Hebrew): 8–9. doi :10.26351/JSRS/30-1/1 . ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 120
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. 124
^ Guérin, 1875, pp. 82 -83
^ Socin, 1879, p. 151 . It was also noted that it was in the Beni Harit district
^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 126 noted 53 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 294
^ Schick, 1896, p. 124
^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
^ Mills, 1932, p. 48 .
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 111
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 161
^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 15
^ Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar) , ARIJ, pp. 16-17
Bibliography
Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Conder, C.R. ; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .Finkelstein, I. ; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). Highlands of many cultures Tel Aviv : Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. ISBN 965-440-007-3 Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF) . Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945 Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 6 : 102–149.Hütteroth, W.-D. ; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century ISBN 3-920405-41-2 Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .Robinson, E. ; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Crocker & Brewster .Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 19 : 120–127.Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 2 : 135–163.
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