Jadoon

This article is about a Pashtun and Hindkowan tribe. For the Rajput clan, see Jadaun.

Jadoon

جدون
Regions with significant populations
Hazara region	Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra
Languages
Pashto, Hindko
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Pashtuns • Hazarewal

An old member of the famous Jadoon tribe in his typical dress, 1951

The Jadoon,^[a] also known as Gadoon^[2] or Jadun (Pashto: ږدون،ګدون،سدون،زدون; Hindko: جدون) is a Pashtun tribe primarily residing in the Hazara and Kohistan regions as well as in the Swabi district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Some members of the tribe also live in Nangarhar and Kunar in Afghanistan.^[3][4][5]

History

A small section of the Jadoon tribe – using the ethnonym Gadun – speaks Pashto but rest of the tribe in the Hazara region has been assimilated into the Hindkowan Hazarewal community and speaks Hindko.^[2] Sir Olaf Caroe, a British Raj-era administrator of NWFP, counts Jadoon tribe under Panni sub-division in the genealogy of the Gharghasht in his book The Pathans.^[6] According to the historian I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ (Yuri V. Gankovsky), professor of Pakistan Studies at Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow, the Jadoons were a tribe of Indo-Aryan origin that were assimilated by the Kakar.^[7]

Genetics

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujaran and Tanoli men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men have predominantly East Asian origin paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.^[8] 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.^[9][10]

56.25% of Jadoons in another test carried West Eurasian maternal Haplogroup H (mtDNA).^[11] Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the regions like Yousufzais and Sayyids.^[12]

People

• Amanullah Khan Jadoon, former MPA and Federal Minister
• Iqbal Khan Jadoon, former Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
• Amira Jadoon, Professor, Clemson University, United States

See also

• Nimat Allah al-Harawi Author of Tarikh-i-Khan Jahani Makhzan-i-Afghani (The History of the Afghans).

References

1. May also be written as Gadoon on older historical books
   The original name of the tribe was Zhadoon but changed to Gadoon due to the hard dialect of Pashto, and due to grammar habbits of the tribes of the Peshawar valley with the tendency to change the letters ژ into ج, the variant Jadoon appeared^[1]

1. History of Pashtuns Jadoon/Gadoon tribe January 2015
2. Hemphill, Brian E. (2023). "Population Dynamics among Ethnic Groups Residing in Hazarewal and Chitral-Gilgit-Baltistan". Ancient Pakistan. 34. University of Peshawar: 29–79. ISSN 2708-4590.
3. Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (4 January 2013). Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion. Oxford University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-19-998677-4.
4. Steinberg, S. (29 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1954. Springer. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-230-27083-1.
5. Hille, Charlotte (6 May 2020). Clans and Democratization: Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq. BRILL. p. 247. ISBN 978-90-04-41548-5.
6. Caroe, Olaf (1958) The Pathans: 550 B.C. – A.D. 1957. Macmillan & Co. p. 19. ISBN 978-0710-30682-1
7. Gankovsky, Yuri Vladimirovich (1971). The Peoples of Pakistan: An Ethnic History. Translated by Gavrilov, Igor. Moscow: Nauka, Central Department of Oriental literature. p. 135. ISBN 978-9699988-32-5. OCLC 201120.
8. Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (2022). "Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan". Scientific Reports. 12 (1027): 1027. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.1027T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3. PMC 8770644. PMID 35046511.
9. Tariq, Muhammad (2017). Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis (This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan). Hazara University, Mansehra. pp. 1–229. Docket 13737.
10. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
11. Akbae, N.; Ahmad, H.; Nadeem, M.S.; Hemphill, B.E.; Muhammad, K.; Ahmad, W.; Ilyas, M. (24 June 2016). "HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan" (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Research. 15 (2). Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan: 1–10. doi:10.4238/gmr.15027167.
12. Zubair, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Tariq4, Muhammad; Shah, Muzafar (25 March 2021). "Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology". Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 53 (3). Zoological Society of Pakistan. doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941.

• Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad by Muhammad Shafi Sabir.
• "The Jadoons" by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001).
• Sir Olaf Caroe, (1958) The Pathans.
• Afghan by Muhammad Asif Fitrat
• Karwan-e-Jadoon