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Humberto Fernández-Morán
Humberto Fernández-Morán
	Fernández-Morán Villalobos on the electron microscope at IVIC in the 1950s
Born	Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos; 18 February 1924; Maracaibo, Venezuela
Died	17 March 1999 (aged 75); Stockholm, Sweden
Alma mater	University of Munich; George Washington University;
Known for	Diamond knife; Founder of IVIC; Cryoultramicrotomy; Electron cryomicroscopy
Awards	Order of the Polar Star, John Scott Award
	Scientific career
Fields	Medicine
Institutions	Central University of Venezuela (UCV), NASA, MIT, University of Chicago, University of Stockholm

Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (18 February 1924 – 17 March 1999)^[1] was a Venezuelan research scientist born in Maracaibo, Venezuela, known for inventing the diamond knife or scalpel, significantly advancing the development of electromagnetic lenses for electron microscopy based on superconducting technology, and many other scientific contributions.

Career

Fernández-Morán founded the Venezuelan Institute for Neurological and Brain Studies, the predecessor of the current Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC). He studied medicine at the University of Munich, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1944. He contributed to the development of the electron microscope and was the first person to use the concept of cryo-ultramicrotomy. After flying over Angel Falls in his home country of Venezuela he was inspired by the concept of the smoothly reoccurring flow system inherent in a waterfall to take his diamond knife invention and combine it with an ultramicrotome to dramatically improve the ultra-thin sectioning of electron microscopy samples. The ultramictrotome advances the rotating, drum-mounted specimen sample in such small increments (utilizing the very low thermal expansion coefficient of Invar) past the stationary diamond knife that sectioning thicknesses of several Angstrom units are possible. He also helped to advance the field of electron cryomicroscopy - the use of superconductive electromagnetic lenses cooled with liquid helium in electron microscopes to achieve the highest resolution possible - among many other research topics.

Fernández-Morán was commissioned in 1957 with the supervision of the first Venezuelan research nuclear reactor, the RV-1 nuclear reactor, one of the first in Latin America.^[2]

He was appointed Minister of Education during the last year of the regime of Marcos Pérez Jiménez and was forced to leave Venezuela when the dictatorship was overthrown in 1958. He worked with NASA for the Apollo Project and taught in many universities, such as MIT, University of Chicago and the University of Stockholm.

He donated a collection of his papers to the National Library of Medicine in 1986.^[3]

Personal life

His wife Anna was Swedish and together they had two daughters, Brigida Elena and Verónica.

The body of Humberto Fernández-Morán was cremated and his ashes rest today in Cemetery The Square Luxburg-Carolath in his hometown, Maracaibo.

Inventions

Diamond knife^[4]^[5]
Ultra microtome

Awards and honors

1967, the John Scott Award, for his invention of the diamond scalpel.^[6]
Knight of the Order of the Polar Star
Claude Bernard Medal, University of Montreal
Cambridge annual Medical Prize

References

^ Fernández, Tomás y Tamaro, Elena. «Biografia de Humberto Fernández Morán». En Biografías y Vidas. La enciclopedia biográfica en línea [Internet]. Barcelona, España, 2004.https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/f/fernandez_moran.htm
^ Diehl, Sarah (7 May 2019). "Venezuela's Search for Nuclear Power - or Nuclear Prestige". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
^ "Humberto Fernández-Morán Papers 1952-1985". National Library of Medicine.
^ Hytch, Martin; Hawkes, Peter W., eds. (2021). The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy - Part 1. United States: Elsevier Science. pp. 268–274. ISBN 978-0323915076.
^ "Improvements in or relating of a method of Polishing a Cutting Edge of a Diamond for a Cutting Tool, Patent" (PDF). August 6, 1958. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2012.^{[full citation needed]}
^ Garfield, E. "The John Scott Award Recipients 1961–1970". John Scott Award Advisory Committee. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2011. Dr. Eugene Garfield is member of the Advisory Committee.