Ledger was born on 4 April 1979 in Perth, Western Australia, to Sally Ramshaw, a French teacher, and Kim Ledger, a racing car driver and mining engineer whose family established and owned the Ledger Engineering Foundry.[12] The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust is named after his great-grandfather Frank Ledger.[12] He had English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry.[13] Ledger attended Mary's Mount Primary School in Gooseberry Hill,[14] and later Guildford Grammar School, where he had his first acting experiences, starring in a school production as Peter Pan at age ten.[4][12] His parents separated when he was ten and divorced when he was eleven.[15] Ledger's older sister Kate, an actress and later a publicist, to whom he was very close, inspired his acting on stage; and his love of Gene Kelly inspired his successful choreography, leading to Guildford Grammar's 60-member team's "first all-boy victory" at the Rock Eisteddfod Challenge.[12][16] Ledger's two half-sisters are Ashleigh Bell (b. 1990), his mother's daughter with her second husband Roger Bell; and Olivia Ledger (b. 1996), his father's daughter with his second wife Emma Brown.[17]
Acting career
1990s
After sitting for early graduation exams at age 16 to get his diploma, Ledger left school to pursue an acting career.[15] With Trevor DiCarlo, his best friend since the age of three, Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney, returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series Sweat (1996), in which he played a cyclist.[12] From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore (1993); Ledger also had parts in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar (1997); in Home and Away (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian film Blackrock (1997), his feature film debut.[12] In 1999, he starred in the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You and in the acclaimed Australian crime film Two Hands, directed by Gregor Jordan.[12]
After Brokeback Mountain, Ledger costarred with fellow Australian Abbie Cornish in the 2006 Australian film Candy, an adaptation of the 1998 novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction, as young heroin addicts in love attempting to break free of their addiction, whose mentor is played by Geoffrey Rush; for his performance as sometime poet Dan, Ledger was nominated for three "Best Actor" awards, including one of the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, which both Cornish and Rush won in their categories. Shortly after the release of Candy, Ledger was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[27] As one of six actors embodying different aspects of the life of Bob Dylan in the 2007 film I'm Not There, directed by Todd Haynes, Ledger "won praise for his portrayal of 'Robbie [Clark],' a moody, counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan, but says accolades are never his motivation".[28] Posthumously, on 23 February 2008, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the film's ensemble cast, its director, and its casting director.[29]
In his penultimate film role, Ledger played the Joker in Christopher Nolan's 2008 film The Dark Knight, which was released nearly six months after his death. While working on the film in London, Ledger told Sarah Lyall in their New York Times interview that he viewed The Dark Knight's Joker as a "psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenicclown with zero empathy".[30] For his performance in The Dark Knight, Ledger posthumously won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (becoming the fourth-youngest winner of the award) which his family accepted on his behalf, as well as numerous other posthumous awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, which Nolan accepted for him.[31][32] At the time of his death on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film role as Tony in Terry Gilliam's The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.[33][34] Gilliam chose to adapt the film after his death by having fellow actors (and friends of Ledger) Johnny Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell play "fantasy transformations" of his character so that Ledger's final performance could be seen in theatres.[35]
Ledger had aspirations to become a film director and had made some music videos with his production company The Masses, which director Todd Haynes praised highly in his tribute to Ledger upon accepting the ISP Robert Altman Award, which Ledger posthumously shared, on 23 February 2008.[29][36] In 2006, Ledger directed music videos for the title track on Australian hip hop artist N'fa's CD debut solo album Cause An Effect[37] and for the single "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)".[38][39] Later that year, Ledger inaugurated a new record label, The Masses Music, with singer Ben Harper and also directed a music video for Harper's song "Morning Yearning".[30][40]
At a news conference at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, Ledger spoke of his desire to make a documentary film about the British singer-songwriter Nick Drake, who died in 1974, at the age of 26, from an overdose of an antidepressant.[41] Ledger created and acted in a music video set to Drake's recording of the singer's 1974 song about depression, "Black Eyed Dog" — a title "inspired by Winston Churchill's descriptive term for depression" (black dog);[42] it was shown publicly only twice, first at the Bumbershoot Festival, in Seattle, held from 1 to 3 September 2007; and secondly as part of "A Place To Be: A Celebration of Nick Drake", with its screening of Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake, "a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake" (including Ledger's), sponsored by American Cinematheque, at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in Hollywood, on 5 October 2007.[43] After Ledger's death, his music video for "Black Eyed Dog" was shown on the Internet and excerpted in news clips distributed via YouTube.[41][44][45][a]
He was working with Scottish screenwriter and producer Allan Scott on an adaptation of the 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit by Walter Tevis, which would have been his first feature film as a director. He also intended to act in the film, with Canadian actor Elliot Page proposed in the lead role.[2][46][47] Ledger's final directorial work, in which he shot two music videos before his death, premiered in 2009.[48] The music videos, completed for Modest Mouse and Grace Woodroofe,[49] include an animated feature for Modest Mouse's song "King Rat", and the Woodroofe video for her cover of David Bowie's "Quicksand".[50] The "King Rat" video premiered on 4 August 2009.[51]
In 2004 he began a relationship with actress Michelle Williams after meeting her on the set of Brokeback Mountain. Their daughter, Matilda Rose, was born on 28 October 2005 in New York City.[58] Matilda's godparents are Brokeback Mountain co-star Jake Gyllenhaal and Williams' Dawson's Creek co-star Busy Philipps.[59] In January 2006, Ledger listed his residence in Bronte, Sydney, for sale[60] and returned to the US, where he shared a house with Williams in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn from 2005 to 2007.[61] In September 2007, Williams' father confirmed to The Daily Telegraph that Ledger and Williams had broken up.[62]
After his breakup with Williams the tabloid press and other public media linked Ledger romantically with supermodels Helena Christensen and Gemma Ward. In 2011, Ward stated that the pair had begun dating in November 2007 and that their families had spent that year's Christmas together in their hometown of Perth.[63][64][65][66][67][68]
Press controversies
Ledger's relationship with the Australian press was sometimes turbulent, and it led to his abandonment of plans for his family to reside part-time in Sydney.[69][70] In 2004, he strongly denied press reports alleging that "he spat at journalists on the Sydney set of the film Candy", or that one of his relatives had done so later, outside Ledger's Sydney home.[69][70] On 13 January 2006, "Several members of the paparazzi retaliated ... squirting Ledger and Williams with water pistols on the red carpet at the Sydney premiere of Brokeback Mountain".[71][72]
After his performance on stage at the 2005 Screen Actors Guild Awards, when he had giggled in presenting Brokeback Mountain as a nominee for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the Los Angeles Times referred to his presentation as an "apparent gay spoof".[73] Ledger called the Times later and explained that his levity resulted from stage fright, saying that he had been told that he would be presenting the award only minutes earlier; he stated: "I am so sorry and I apologise for my nervousness. I would be absolutely horrified if my stage fright was misinterpreted as a lack of respect for the film, the topic and for the amazing filmmakers."[74][75]
After learning that two cinemas in Utah refused to show Brokeback Mountain, Ledger said: "I don't think the movie is [controversial] but I think maybe the Mormons in Utah do. I think it's hilarious and very immature of a society".[76] In the same interview with the Herald Sun newspaper, Ledger mistakenly claimed that lynchings had occurred in West Virginia as recently as the 1980s; state scholars disputed his statement, asserting that no documented lynchings had occurred in West Virginia since 1931.[77]
Health problems and drug use
In an interview with Sarah Lyall, published in The New York Times on 4 November 2007, Ledger stated that he often could not sleep when taking on roles, and that the role of the Joker in The Dark Knight (2008) was causing his usual insomnia: "Last week I probably slept an average of two hours a night. ... I couldn't stop thinking. My body was exhausted, and my mind was still going."[78] At that time, he told Lyall that he had taken two Ambien pills, after taking just one had not sufficed, and those left him in "a stupor, only to wake up an hour later, his mind still racing".[30]
Prior to his return to New York City from his last film assignment in London, in January 2008, while he was apparently suffering from some kind of respiratory illness, he reportedly complained to his The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus co-star Christopher Plummer that he was continuing to have difficulty sleeping and taking pills to help with that problem: "Confirming earlier reports that Ledger hadn't been feeling well on set, Plummer said: 'we all caught colds because we were shooting outside on horrible, damp nights. But Heath's went on and I don't think he dealt with it immediately with the antibiotics.... I think what he did have was the walking pneumonia.' [...] On top of that, 'He was saying all the time, 'dammit, I can't sleep'... and he was taking all these pills to help him'".[79]
Speaking to Interview magazine after Ledger's death, Michelle Williams confirmed reports that the actor had experienced trouble sleeping: "For as long as I'd known him, he had bouts with insomnia. He had too much energy. His mind was turning, turning, turning – always turning".[80]
Ledger was "widely reported to have struggled with substance abuse".[81] Following Ledger's death, Entertainment Tonight aired video footage from 2006 in which Ledger stated that he "used to smoke five joints a day for 20 years" (which would mean he started doing so at the age of just six)[82][83] and news outlets reported that his drug abuse had prompted Williams to request that he move out of their apartment in Brooklyn.[84] Ledger's publicist asserted that reports of Ledger's alleged drug use had been inaccurate.[82]
According to police, Wolozin, who had arrived early for a 3 p.m. appointment with Ledger, telephoned his friend Mary-Kate Olsen for help. Olsen, who was in Los Angeles at the time, directed her New York City private security guard to go to the scene. At 3:26 p.m., "less than 15 minutes after she first saw him in bed and only a few moments after the first call to Ms. Olsen", Wolozin dialed 911 "to say that Mr. Ledger was not breathing". At the urging of the 911 operator, Wolozin administered CPR, which was unsuccessful in reviving him.[86]
Paramedics and emergency medical technicians arrived seven minutes later, at 3:33 p.m. but were also unable to revive him.[6][86][87] At 3:36 p.m., Ledger was pronounced dead, and his body was removed from the apartment.[6][86] He was only 28 years old.
Although the Associated Press and other outlets reported that police estimated Ledger's death occurred between 1 p.m. and 2:45 p.m. on 22 January 2008,[90] the Medical Examiner's Office announced that it would not publicly disclose the official estimated time of death.[91][92] The official announcement of the cause and manner of Ledger's death heightened concerns about the growing problems of prescription drug abuse or misuse and combined drug intoxication (CDI).[8][89][93]
In 2017, Jason Payne-James, a forensic pathologist, asserted that Ledger might have survived if hydrocodone and oxycodone had been left out of the combination of drugs that the actor took just prior to his death. He furthermore stated that the mixture of drugs, combined with a possible chest infection, caused Ledger to stop breathing.[94]
Federal investigation
Late in February 2008, a DEA investigation of medical professionals relating to Ledger's death exonerated two American physicians, who practice in Los Angeles and Houston, of any wrongdoing, determining that "the doctors in question had prescribed Ledger other medications – not the pills that killed him."[95][96]
On 4 August 2008, Mary-Kate Olsen's attorney Michael Miller issued a statement denying that Olsen supplied Ledger with the drugs causing his death and asserting that she did not know their source.[97][98] In his statement, Miller said specifically, "Despite tabloid speculation, Mary-Kate Olsen had nothing whatsoever to do with the drugs found in Heath Ledger's home or his body, and she does not know where he obtained them."[99]
After a flurry of further media speculation, on 6 August 2008, the US Attorney's Office in Manhattan closed its investigation into Ledger's death without filing any charges and rendering moot its subpoena of Olsen.[100][101] With the clearing of the two doctors and Olsen, and the closing of the investigation because the prosecutors in the Manhattan US Attorney's Office "don't believe there's a viable target," it is still not known how Ledger obtained the oxycodone and hydrocodone in the lethal drug combination that killed him.[101][102]
Controversy over will
After Ledger's death, in response to some press reports about his will, filed in New York City on 28 February 2008,[103][104] and his daughter's access to his financial legacy, his father, Kim Ledger, said that he considered the financial well-being of Heath's daughter Matilda Rose an "absolute priority," whilst also stating that her mother, Michelle Williams, was "an integral part of our family". He added, "They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be".[105] Some of Ledger's relatives may be challenging the legal status of his will signed in 2003, prior to his involvement with Williams and the birth of their daughter and not updated to include them, which divides half of his estate between his parents and half among his siblings; they claim that there is a second, unsigned will, which leaves most of that estate to Matilda Rose.[106][107] Williams' father, Larry Williams, has also joined the controversy about Ledger's will, as it was filed in New York City soon after his death.[108]
On 31 March 2008, stimulating another controversy pertaining to Ledger's estate, Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans published an "Exclusive" report, in The Daily Telegraph, citing Ledger's uncle Haydn Ledger and other family members, who "believe the late actor may have fathered a secret love child" when he was 17, and stating that "If it is confirmed that Ledger is the girl's biological father, it could split his multi-million dollar estate between ... Matilda Rose ... and his secret love child."[109][110][111] A few days later, reports citing telephone interviews with Ledger's uncles Haydn and Mike Ledger and the family of the other little girl, published in OK! and Us Weekly, "denied" those "claims", with Ledger's uncles and the little girl's mother and stepfather describing them as unfounded "rumors" distorted and exaggerated by the media.[112][113]
On 15 July 2008, Fife-Yeomans reported further, via Australian News Limited, that "While Ledger left everything to his parents and three sisters, it is understood they have legal advice that under Western Australia law, Matilda Rose is entitled to the lion's share" of his estate; its executors, Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson, "have applied for probate in the West Australian Supreme Court in Perth, advertising for 'creditors and other persons' having claims on the estate to lodge them by 11 August 2008 ... to ensure all debts are paid before the estate is distributed...."[114] According to this report by Fife-Yeomans, earlier reports citing Ledger's uncles,[105] and subsequent reports citing Ledger's father, which do not include his actual posthumous earnings, "his entire fortune, mostly held in Australian trusts, is likely to be worth up to $20 million."[114][115][116]
On 27 September 2008, Ledger's father Kim stated that "the family has agreed to leave the US$16.3 million fortune to Matilda," adding: "There is no claim. Our family has gifted everything to Matilda."[115][116] In October 2008, Forbes estimated Ledger's annual earnings from October 2007 through October 2008 — including his posthumous share of The Dark Knight's gross income of "US$1 billion in box office revenue worldwide" — as "US$20 million".[117]
Legacy
Memorial tributes and services
Memorial for Ledger, outside 421 Broome Street, SoHo, Manhattan, 23 January 2008
As the news of Ledger's death became public, throughout the night of 22 January 2008, and the following day, media crews, mourners, fans, and other onlookers began gathering outside his apartment building, with some leaving flowers or other memorial tributes.[118][119]
Several actors made statements expressing their sorrow at Ledger's death, including Daniel Day-Lewis, who dedicated his Screen Actors Guild Award to him, saying that he was inspired by Ledger's acting; Day-Lewis praised Ledger's performances in Monster's Ball and Brokeback Mountain, describing the latter as "unique, perfect".[125][126]Verne Troyer, who was working with Ledger on The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus at the time of his death, had a heart shape, an exact duplicate of a symbol that Ledger scrawled on a piece of paper with his email address, tattooed on his hand in remembrance of Ledger because Ledger "had made such an impression on [him]".[127] On 1 February, in her first public statement after Ledger's death, Michelle Williams expressed her heartbreak and described Ledger's spirit as surviving in their daughter.[128][129]
After attending private memorial ceremonies in Los Angeles, Ledger's family members returned with his body to Perth.[130][131] On 9 February, a memorial service attended by several hundred invited guests was held at Penrhos College, attracting considerable press attention; afterward Ledger's body was cremated at Fremantle Cemetery,[132] followed by a private service attended by only 10 of his closest family members,[133][134][135] The ashes were taken from Fremantle for interment at an unspecified location.[136] Later that night, his family and friends gathered for a wake on Cottesloe Beach.[137][138][139]
The Eskimo Joe song "Foreign Land" was written as a tribute to Ledger.[140] The band were in New York at the time of his death.
Bon Iver's "Perth" was inspired by Heath Ledger.[142]Justin Vernon, the lead singer and songwriter of the American indie folk band, revealed back in 2011 that he had begun working on the song in 2008 and was scheduled to meet with a music video director who was good friends with Ledger, Matt Amato. "The first thing I worked on, the riff and the beginning melodies, was the first song on the record, 'Perth,'" Vernon told Exclaim!.[143] Amato was directing the band's "The Wolves (Act I & II)" music video the day that Ledger died. "It was no longer about just making a Bon Iver music video anymore," Vernon says. "This was now our chance to be there with Matt as he grieved. It was a three-day wake." Amato told Vernon stories about Ledger that eventually became the inspiration for "Perth," the opening track to the band's second studio album Bon Iver, Bon Iver (2011).[142]
"You know when you see the preachers down South? And they grab a believer and they go, 'Bwoom! I touch you with the hand of God!' And they believe so strongly, they're on the ground shaking and spitting. And fuck's sake, that's the power of belief... Now, I don't believe in Jesus, but I believe in my performance. And if you can understand that the power of belief is one of the great tools of our time and that a lot of acting comes from it, you can do anything."
—Ledger, during the interview with Rolling Stone in 2006, on belief, power and acting[144]
Portraying a variety of roles, from romantic heroes to tragic characters, Ledger created a hodgepodge of characters that are deliberately unlike one another, stating: "I feel like I am wasting my time if I repeat myself". He also reflected on his inability to be happy with his work, "I feel the same thing about everything I do. The day I say, 'It's good' is the day I should start doing something else."[145] Ledger liked to wait between jobs so that he would start creatively hungry on new projects.[146] In his own words, acting was about harnessing "the infinite power of belief,"[144] thus using belief as a tool for creating.
Directors who have worked with the actor praised him for his creativity, seriousness, and intuition. "I've never felt as old as I did watching Heath explore his talents," The Dark Knight director Christopher Nolan has written, expressing amazement over the actor's working process, genuine curiosity and charisma.[146]Marc Forster, who directed Ledger in Monster's Ball, complimented him as taking the job "very seriously", being disciplined, observant, understanding, and intuitive. In 2007, director Todd Haynes compared Ledger's presence to actor James Dean, casting Ledger as Robbie Clarke, a fictive personification of Bob Dylan in I'm Not There. Drawing on the similar characteristics between the actors, Haynes further highlighted Ledger's "precocious seriousness" and intuition. He also felt that Ledger had a rare maturity beyond his years."[145] Ledger, however, disconnected himself and acting from perfectionism. "I'm always gonna pull myself apart and dissect [the work]. I mean, there's no such thing as perfection in what [actors] do. Pornos are more perfect than we are, because they're actually fucking."[144]
"Some people find their shtick," Ledger reflected on the categorisation of style. "I never figured out who 'Heath Ledger' is on film: 'This is what you expect when you hire me, and it will be recognisable'... People always feel compelled to sum you up, to presume that they have you and can describe you. That's fine. But there are so many stories inside of me and a lot I want to achieve outside of one flat note."[145]
Ledger's death affected the marketing campaign for Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2008)[11][33] and also both the production and marketing of Terry Gilliam's film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, with both directors intending to celebrate and pay tribute to his work in these films.[33][34][147][148] Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film,[34] he expressed determination to "salvage" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and dedicated it to Ledger.[79][149][150] In February 2008, as a "memorial tribute to the man many have called one of the best actors of his generation," Johnny Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell signed on to take over Ledger's role, becoming multiple incarnations of his character, Tony, transformed in this "magical re-telling of the Faust story".[151][152][153] The three actors donated their fees for the film to Ledger's and Williams's daughter.[154]
Speaking of editing The Dark Knight, on which Ledger had completed his work in October 2007, Nolan recalled, "It was tremendously emotional, right when he passed, having to go back in and look at him every day. ... But the truth is, I feel very lucky to have something productive to do, to have a performance that he was very, very proud of, and that he had entrusted to me to finish."[148] All of Ledger's scenes appear as he completed them in the filming; in editing the film, Nolan added no "digital effects" to alter Ledger's actual performance posthumously.[155] Nolan dedicated the film in part to Ledger's memory, as well as to the memory of technician Conway Wickliffe, who was killed during a car accident while preparing one of the film's stunts.[156]
Released in July 2008, The Dark Knight broke several box office records and received both popular and critical accolades, especially with regard to Ledger's performance as the Joker.[157] Even film critic David Denby, who does not praise the film overall in his pre-release review in The New Yorker, evaluates Ledger's work highly, describing his performance as both "sinister and frightening" and Ledger as "mesmerising in every scene", concluding: "His performance is a heroic, unsettling final act: this young actor looked into the abyss."[158] Attempting to dispel widespread speculations that Ledger's performance as the Joker had in any way led to his death (as Denby and others suggest), Ledger's co-star and friend Christian Bale, who played opposite him as Batman, has stressed that, as an actor, Ledger greatly enjoyed meeting the challenges of creating that role, an experience that Ledger himself described as "the most fun I've ever had, or probably ever will have, playing a character".[11] Terry Gilliam also refuted the claims that playing the Joker made him crazy, calling it "absolute nonsense" and going on to say, "Heath was so solid. His feet were on the ground and he was the least neurotic person I've ever met."[159]
Ledger received numerous awards for his Joker role in The Dark Knight. On 10 November 2008, he was nominated for two People's Choice Awards related to his work on the film, "Best Ensemble Cast" and "Best Onscreen Match-Up" (shared with Christian Bale), and Ledger won an award for "Match-Up" in the ceremony aired live on CBS in January 2009.[160]
Film critics, co-stars Maggie Gyllenhaal and Michael Caine and many of Ledger's peers in the film community joined Bale in calling for and predicting a nomination for the 2008 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in recognition of Ledger's achievement in The Dark Knight.[161] Ledger's subsequent nomination was announced on 22 January 2009, the anniversary of his death.[162]
Ledger went on to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, becoming the second person to win a posthumous Academy Award for acting (after fellow Australian actor Peter Finch, who won for 1976's Network), as well as the first comic-book movie actor to win an Oscar for their acting. Ledger's family attended the ceremony on 22 February 2009, with his parents and sister accepting the award onstage on his behalf.[163][32] Following talks with the Ledger family in Australia, the academy determined that Ledger's daughter, Matilda Rose, would own the award. However, due to Matilda's age, she would not gain full ownership of the statuette until her eighteenth birthday in 2023.[164] Her mother, Michelle Williams, would hold the statuette in trust for Matilda until that time.[165]
On 4 April 2017, a trailer was released for the documentary I Am Heath Ledger, which was released on 3 May 2017.[166] It features archival footage of Ledger and interviews.[167]
^ ab"Awards Database". bafta.org. British Academy of Film and Television Awards. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
^ abcdefgWills, Dominic (2008). "Heath Ledger Biography". US: Tiscali TV. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008. The Ledger name was well-known in Perth, the family having run a foundry that provided much of the raw material for the famous Perth to Kalgoorlie Pipeline ... The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust, named after Heath's great-grandfather, was renowned for granting funds to the area's universities, paying for visiting lecturers and scholarships for gifted students.
^'Heath: A Family's Tale' by Janet Fife-Yeomans (2009), p.32: "Ledger was a descendant of the Ledger family of Leeds, Yorkshire who arrived in Western Australia from England in 1880."
^ abLipsky, David (23 March 2006). "Heath Ledger's Lonesome Trail". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2008. His dad wanted him to race cars. Hollywood wanted him to play Spider-Man. Now he's a huge star, and he's not happy about it.
^Honie Stevens (18 November 2007). "Squaring the Ledger". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
^"Egyptian Theatre Programming"(PDF). American Cinematheque Film Calendar. americacinematheque.com. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original(PDF) on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2008. This very special evening celebrating [Drake's] life and music includes films, guests and a unique art and photographic exhibit. It includes the World Theatrical Premiere of 'Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake', 2007, Bryter Music, 30 min. Various Directors – a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake – created by admirers including Heath Ledger, Jonas Mekas and Tim Pope. (NOT ON DVD!) ...
^Daniel Kreps (29 February 2008). "Footage from Heath Ledger's Nick Drake Video Surfaces". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008. The video, for Drake's posthumously released song 'Black Eyed Dog,' was filmed by the actor in late 2007 and included in a multimedia instalment about Drake called 'A Place to Be.' The project was only screened publicly twice before the actor's death, and the Ledger family said the 'Black Eyed Dog' video would not be released.
^"A Place To Be: Reflections Of Nick Drake". A Place To Be. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2008. A Place To Be: a collection, a celebration, in film, photography, painting, drawing and prose, of the impact the music of Nick Drake has had on other artists ("Introductory film" includes excerpts of the music video, Black Eyed Dog, by Heath Ledger, among others.)
^Rob Sharp and Allan Shiach (18 March 2008). "Heath Ledger–A Prophetic Tragedy". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2008. Until last month [January 2008] he [Allan Schiach, aka Allan Scott,] was working with the late Heath Ledger on a film adaptation of Walter Tevis's 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, about a chess prodigy's chequered history.
^Tapper, Christina; Stoyoff, Natasha (26 January 2008). "Heath Ledger's Passion for Chess". People. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2008. No stranger to the New York Washington Square Park chess world, Heath Ledger found joy by screaming the occasional 'checkmate!'
^King, Kiki; Simpson, Eva; Hedley, Caroline (3 March 2006). "The Heath Is On". Daily Mirror. UK. p. 16. Archived from the original on 28 January 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
^Williams, Alex (30 September 2007). "Brooklyn's Fragile Eco-System". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ abWENN (World Entertainment News Network) (12 January 2006). "Ledger Slams Spitting Claims". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
^ abHawley, Janet (23 January 2008). "Tale of an untrained homeboy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
^"Sprayed Heath Flies Out". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 14 January 2006. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
^Emily Dunn and Richard Jinman (24 January 2008). "How a Triumphant Return Turned Sour". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 1. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
^"Home deaths from Drug Errors Soar". CNN. Associated Press. 28 July 2008. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2008. Deaths from medication mistakes at home, such as actor Heath Ledger's accidental overdose, rose dramatically during the past two decades, an analysis of U.S. death certificates finds. ... The findings, based on nearly 50 million U.S. death certificates, are published in Monday [4 August 2008]'s Archives of Internal Medicine. Of those, more than 224,000 involved fatal medication errors, including overdoses and mixing prescription drugs with alcohol or street drugs. ... Deaths from medication mistakes at home increased from 1,132 deaths in 1983 to 12,426 in 2004. Adjusted for population growth, that amounts to an increase of more than 700 percent during that time.
^"Autopsy: The Last Hours of Heath Ledger". Autopsy. Season 5. Episode 2. 5 October 2017. Reelz.
^WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (29 February 2008). "Heath Ledger Doctors Cleared". Hollywood.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
^Heath Ledger (27 March 2008). "Last Will & Testament"(PDF). aolcdn.com (reposted on 12 April 2008). Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
^ ab"Ledger's Uncles: Michelle Williams May Have to Fight for Matilda's Inheritance". Fox News. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2008. Kim Ledger moved quickly to deny his granddaughter and Michelle Williams would be left without an inheritance and said Matilda was his family's absolute priority. 'Matilda is our absolute priority and Michelle is an integral part of our family ... They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be,' Kim Ledger says in the statement. ... The uncles estimated their nephew's estate would be worth Australian $20 million after his earnings from the latest 'Batman' movie were calculated.
^Cowan, Sean (15 March 2008). "Ledger Feud Grows Over 'second' Will". The Age. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008. Some of Heath Ledger's relatives may be planning a legal challenge against his will after it emerged the actor may have written a second will after his daughter was born, leaving most of his multimillion-dollar fortune to her. ... Ledger's second will, which is understood to be unsigned, was reportedly drawn up after Matilda's birth. ... The looming battle over which of Ledger's wills should be used to divide his estate ... has caused waves on this side of the Pacific, with his uncles Mike and Haydn Ledger accusing their brother – and Heath's father – Kim of mismanaging their late grandfather's [A] $2 million estate. ... Kim Ledger hit back this week, issuing a statement claiming his estranged brothers did not know what they were talking about. ... Under the terms of the first will, the division of the estate will be managed by Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson.
^Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans (31 March 2008). "Did Heath Ledger Father a Secret Love Child?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008. The April will lists only [US]US$145,000 in assets and names the late actor's father, Kim, mother Sally Bell, sister Kate Ledger and half sisters Olivia Ledger and Ashleigh Bell as the only beneficiaries. The New York documents also acknowledge Matilda Rose, as Ledger's only known child, as an interested party.
^Maddox, Garry (29 March 2009). "Good Will Hunting". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2008. Beyond the tangled web of Heath Ledger's estate, two final films and his celebrated Brokeback performance ensure the money will keep flowing.
^Nick Squires (1 April 2008). "Heath Ledger 'fathered a secret love child'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 June 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008. If the claims are proved to be true, Ledger's multi-million pound estate would have to be divided between the child he fathered in his teens and his two-year-old daughter, Matilda Rose, whose mother is Hollywood actress Michelle Williams. ... The actor's parents, Kim and Sally Ledger, have declined to comment on the reports [based on comments by other family members, including his uncle Haydn Ledger].
^Nichols, Michelle (29 October 2008). "Elvis Ranked Top-earning Dead Celebrity". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2008. Forbes.com said it spoke to experts and sources inside the dead celebrities' estates and researched gross earnings, before taxes, management fees and other costs, from the period of October 2007 to October 2008 to come up with the rankings. Based on its estimates, Nichols reports, Forbes.com ranks Ledger as third among the world's highest-earning deceased celebrities for that year, following Elvis Presley (1) and Charles M. Schulz (2).
^Boucher, Geoff; Gold, Matea; Lieberman, Paul (23 January 2008). "Ledger's death is a shock to Hollywood, fans". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2009. Minutes after the news of Ledger's death broke, several hundred people gathered outside the Broome Street apartment building where Ledger had been living ... television crews and area residents were joined by fans, including some Brooklyn acting students.
^"Stars pay tribute to Heath Ledger". BBC News. 23 January 2008. Archived from the original on 27 January 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2009. Fans have been leaving flowers and candles outside Ledger's apartment in the SoHo district.
^"Dark Knight Dedicated to Ledger". BBC News. 27 June 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2008. The special tribute reads: 'In memory of our friends Heath Ledger and Conway Wickliffe'.
^Denby, David. "The Current Cinema: Past Shock: 'The Dark Knight' and 'WALL-E' ". The New Yorker. No. 21 July 2008. pp. 92–93. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2008. When Ledger wields a knife, he is thoroughly terrifying (do not, despite the PG-13 rating, bring the children), and, as you're watching him, you can't help wondering—in a response that admittedly lies outside film criticism—how badly he messed himself up in order to play the role this way. (Postdated)
Norris, Chris. "(Untitled Heath Ledger Project)Archived 7 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine: In Which the Protagonist Dies Mysteriously, and the Audience Analyzes His Final Days for Clues to His Real Character". New York, nymag.com, 18 February 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
2-я Финляндская стрелковая дивизия Герб Российской империи (1825) Годы существования 1903—1918 Страна Российская империя Подчинение Русская императорская армия Входит в 22-й армейский корпус, 8-я армия, 5-й Кавказский армейский корпус, 46-й армейский корпус , 11-я армия Тип пехо...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2021) لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع أليخاندرو غوميز (توضيح). أليخاندرو غوميز (بالإسبانية: Alejandro Gómez) معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإسبانية: Alejandro Gómez Cabral) الم...
Indonesiadalam tahun2020 ← 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 → Dekade :2020-anAbad :ke-21Milenium :ke-3Lihat juga Sejarah Indonesia Garis waktu sejarah Indonesia Indonesia menurut tahun Bagian dari seri mengenai Sejarah Indonesia Prasejarah Manusia Jawa 1.000.000 BP Manusia Flores 94.000–12.000 BP Bencana alam Toba 75.000 BP Kebudayaan Buni 400 SM Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Kerajaan Kutai 400–1635 Kerajaan Tarumanagara 450–900 Kerajaan Kalingga 594–782 Kerajaa...
American baseball player and manager Baseball player Sparky AndersonAnderson at Tiger StadiumSecond baseman / ManagerBorn: (1934-02-22)February 22, 1934Bridgewater, South Dakota, U.S.Died: November 4, 2010(2010-11-04) (aged 76)Thousand Oaks, California, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 10, 1959, for the Philadelphia PhilliesLast MLB appearanceSeptember 27, 1959, for the Philadelphia PhilliesMLB statisticsBatting average.218Runs batted in34Manageri...
Trixie Mattel discographyTrixie Mattel performing in 2017Studio albums4Compilation albums1Music videos17EPs5Singles17 The discography of American drag queen, singer-songwriter, and comedian Trixie Mattel consists of four studio albums, five extended plays, one compilation album, 17 singles (including four as a featured artist), and 17 music videos. Albums Studio albums List of studio albums, with selected chart positions, showing other relevant details Title Details Peak chart positions USCur...
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Иванов; Иванов, Владимир. Владимир Валерьевич Иванов Заместитель руководителя фракции «Единая Россия» в Государственной Думе с 7 октября 2021 Депутат Государственной Думы Федерального собрания Российской Фед...
Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 11 de noviembre de 2012. August Wilhelm von Hofmann Información personalNacimiento 8 de abril de 1818Giessen, AlemaniaFallecimiento 5 de mayo de 1892 (74 años)Berlín, AlemaniaSepultura Dorotheenstadt cemetery Residencia Alemania Reino UnidoNacionalidad AlemanaEducaciónEducado en Universidad de GotingaSupervisor doctoral Justus von Liebig Información profesionalÁrea Quími...
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Saadah Alim Saadah Alim (1897-1968) was a writer, playwright, translator, journalist and educator in the Dutch East Indies and in Indonesia after independence.[1] She was one of only a handful of Indonesian women authors to be published during the colonial period, alongside Fatimah Hasan Delais, Sariamin Ismail, Soewarsih Djojopoespito and a few others.[2] She is known primarily for her journalism, her collection of short stories Taman Penghibur Hati (1941), and her comedic pl...
Fasada budynku Dolnośląskiego Centrum Filmowego Dolnośląskie Centrum Filmowe (DCF) – czterosalowe kino znajdujące się we Wrocławiu przy ulicy Piłsudskiego 64a. Historia Kino Palast-Theater Kino Palast-Theater Kamienica nr 16 z widocznym wejściem do kina Warszawa od strony ul. Świdnickiej. Kamienica została rozebrana w 1960 roku. Tam, gdzie obecnie mieści się Dolnośląskie Centrum Filmowe, na początku XX wieku, przy Neue Schweidnitzerstr.16 (obecnie ul. Świdnicka) stała, zap...
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Stadion PersibaStadion Parikesit Informasi stadionPemilikPertaminaOperatorPertaminaLokasiLokasiBalikpapan, Kalimantan TimurKoordinat1°14′38″S 116°49′48″E / 1.243852°S 116.830137°E / -1.243852; 116.830137Direnovasi2008DitutupSeptember 2017 (2017-09)[1]Data teknisPermukaanRumputKapasitas12,500PemakaiPersiba Balikpapan (Agustus 2017 (2017-08))Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat iniStadion Persiba adalah sebuah s...
Paghimo ni bot Lsjbot. Botanophila enigmatica Siyentipikinhong Pagklasipikar Kaginharian: Animalia Ka-ulo: Arthropoda Kasipak-ulo: Hexapoda Kahutong: Insecta Kahanay: Diptera Kabanay: Anthomyiidae Kahenera: Botanophila Espesye: Botanophila enigmatica Siyentipikinhong Ngalan Botanophila enigmatica(Hennig, 1970) Kaliwatan sa langaw ang Botanophila enigmatica.[1] Una ning gihulagway ni Willi Hennig ni adtong 1970. Ang Botanophila enigmatica sakop sa kahenera nga Botanophila, ug kabanay n...
San Martín de los Pajaritos Osnovni podaci Država Meksiko Savezna država Zacatecas Opština Fresnillo Stanovništvo Stanovništvo (2013.) 201[1] Geografija Koordinate 23°14′35″N 103°16′05″W / 23.24315°N 103.26802°W / 23.24315; -103.26802 Vremenska zona UTC-6, leti UTC-5 Nadmorska visina 2135[1] m San Martín de los PajaritosSan Martín de los Pajaritos na karti Meksika San Martín de los Pajaritos je naselje u Meksiku, u saveznoj d...
Monumento a Nicola I di RussiaAutoreAuguste de Montferrand fu il capo progettista e l'architetto principaleScultori: Peter Klodt, Robert Salemann, Nicholas RamazanovArchitetti: Ludwig Bohnstedt, Roman Weigelt Data1856-1859 Materialebronzo per la scultura, gli altorilievi, le lettere e la cancellata; il piedistallo è in granito rosso, granito grigio, porfido e marmo di Carrara Altezza600 cm UbicazionePiazza Sant'Isacco, San Pietroburgo Coordinate59°55′55″N 30°18′30″E59°55′55...
Gipf kan verwijzen naar: Gipf (spel), abstract bordspel. deel van Gipf-Oberfrick, dorp en gemeente in Zwitserland. Bekijk alle artikelen waarvan de titel begint met Gipf of met Gipf in de titel. Dit is een doorverwijspagina, bedoeld om de verschillen in betekenis of gebruik van Gipf inzichtelijk te maken. Op deze pagina staat een uitleg van de verschillende betekenissen van Gipf en verwijzingen daarnaartoe. Bent u hier via een pagina in Wikipedia terechtgekomen? Pas d...
Paghimo ni bot Lsjbot. Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Mount Roundback. 19°59′45″S 148°02′39″E / 19.9958°S 148.0442°E / -19.9958; 148.0442 Mount Roundback Bukid Nasod Ostralya Estado State of Queensland Rehiyon Whitsunday Gitas-on 34 m (112 ft) Tiganos 19°59′45″S 148°02′39″E / 19.9958°S 148.0442°E / -19.9958; 148.0442 [saysay 1] Highest point - elevation 721 m ...
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