H. Trendley Dean

H. Trendley Dean
Born	Henry Trendley Dean (1893-08-25)August 25, 1893 Winstanley Park (now East St. Louis), Illinois, U.S.
Died	May 13, 1962(1962-05-13) (aged 68)
Alma mater	St. Louis University
Occupation	Dentist
Known for	Work on water fluoridation
Title	Director of National Institute of Dental Research
Term	1948–1953
Successor	Francis A. Arnold Jr.

Dean receives the Gorgas Award for 1949

Henry Trendley Dean (August 25, 1893 – May 13, 1962^[1]) was the first director of the United States National Institute of Dental Research and a pioneer investigator of water fluoridation in the prevention of tooth decay.

Early life

Dean was born in Winstanley Park, Illinois (now part of East St. Louis) on August 25, 1893,^[2] the son of William Ware and Rosalie Harriet Dean; his mother's maiden name was Trendley. He received his dental degree from St. Louis University in 1916 and entered private practice that year in Wood River, Illinois. During World War I, he served with the United States Army until 1919, when he returned to his practice.^[1] Dean married Ruth Martha McEvoy on September 14, 1921. Also in 1921, he entered the United States Public Health Service^[3] and was stationed in several U.S. Marine Hospitals until 1931 when he was placed in charge of dental research at the National Institute of Health, advancing to director of the dental research section in 1945. After World War II, he directed epidemiologic studies for the Army in Germany. When Congress established the National Institute of Dental Research in 1948, Dean was appointed its director, a position he held until retiring in 1953.^[4]

Research into water fluoridation

Dean's legacy comes almost entirely from his research into fluoridation. At the urging of Frederick McKay and others concerned with the brown-staining of teeth in certain regions of the country, Dean was asked to make this his first assignment at the Institute in 1931.^[5]

Dean was part of a team that focused on determining optimal concentrations of fluoride in drinking water that would only cause minimal and mild mottled enamel on the teeth (dental fluorosis), while at the same time precipitating lower rates of dental caries (cavities). In 1934, as part of this work, Dean published an index to categorize the severity of dental fluorosis.^[6][7] In 1939 he reported on children who grew up in 4 nearby Illinois towns: Overall caries in the low fluoride towns were 2-3 times the caries in high fluoride towns. The greatest difference was in cavities between the front teeth, where the low fluoride kids had 16X the caries.^[8]

The August 1, 1943, Journal of The American Dental Association referenced Dean as acknowledging the difficulty of identifying an optimal concentration with the following quote, "The same amount of fluorine that causes a mild toxic reaction in one individual may cause a severe reaction in another. In other words we are dealing with a low-grade chronic poisoning of the formative dental organ in which case some individuals may show a more severe reaction than others having a comparable fluorine intake." Dean's professional life was spent searching for an optimal level of fluoride that would prevent tooth decay yet avoid staining or otherwise damaging teeth. In 1952, McKay and Dean were presented with the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research by the American Public Health Association for their work with fluoride.^[9][10]

Later life

After his retirement, Dean joined the American Dental Association as Secretary of its Council on Dental Research.^[11] In this role, he continued to advocate and defend the addition of fluoride to public drinking water. He was frequently called to speak on the subject in the United States and abroad, mostly to refute the arguments of those who opposed water fluoridation. In 1949, he was presented with the Gorgas Medal from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS).^[12][13] He died in 1962, after a long battle with asthma and emphysema.^[14]

The International Association for Dental Research has an award named after Dean, called the H. Trendley Dean Memorial Award, recognizing meritorious research in epidemiology and public health.^[15][16]

Notes

1. "H. Trendley Dean, D.D.S." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 48 (41): 935. October 22, 1999.
2. "Know America". The News. Frederick, Maryland. August 25, 1960 – via Newspapers.com.
3. "Dr. Dean to Helena, Mont". Alton Evening Telegraph. July 29, 1921 – via Newspapers.com.
4. "H. Trendley Dean, D.D.S." www.cdc.gov.  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
5. Smith, Delos (November 5, 1952). "Science At Work". Albany Democrat-Herald. United Press – via Newspapers.com.
6. Meiers, Peter. "HT Dean's epidemiology of Mottled Teeth". The History of Fluorine, Fluoride and Fluoridation. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
7. Fejerskov, Ole; Kidd, Edwina (March 16, 2009). Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. John Wiley & Sons. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-4443-0928-7.
8. Dean, H. Trendley; Jay, Philip; Arnold, Francis A. Jr.; McClure, Frank J.; Elvove, Elias (1939). "Domestic Water and Dental Caries, including Certain Epidemiological Aspects of Oral L. acidophilus". Public Health Reports. 54 (21): 862. doi:10.2307/4582893. ISSN 0094-6214. JSTOR 4582893.
9. "Six Scientists Awarded For Medical Achievements". Albuquerque Journal. International News Service. October 6, 1952 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Fluoridation protocols". The Lasker Foundation. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
11. "Effective, Safe". Bennington Banner. April 30, 1956 – via Newspapers.com.
12. Strack, Joseph George (January 1950). "Rx for Living: Dr. H. T. Dean – Public Health Officer" (PDF). TIC Magazine. pp. 10–13.
13. "Gorgas Award to Dr. Dean". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 39 (7): 963. July 1949. doi:10.2105/AJPH.39.7.959.
14. "H. Trendley Dean Papers 1914–1961 (bulk 1931–1961): biographical note". History of Medicine. National Library of Medicine. August 27, 2009 [October 22, 2008]. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
15. "H. TRENDLEY DEAN MEMORIAL AWARD". International Association for Dental Research. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
16. Armstrong, WD (November–December 1967). "H. Trendley Dean Memorial Award for Research in Epidemiology and Dental Caries". J Dent Res. 46 (6): 1233. doi:10.1177/00220345670460062401. PMID 4865579. S2CID 71392875.

References

• Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1999). "H. Trendley Dean, D.D.S." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 48 (41): 935. Reprinted in: Division of Oral Health, CDC (2000). "Achievements in public health, 1900–1999: fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries". JAMA. 283 (10): 1283–6. doi:10.1001/jama.283.10.1283. PMID 10714718.
• "Dean, H(enry) Trendley, D.D.S.". The American Catholic Who's Who. Vol. 14. Grosse Pointe, MI: Walter Romig. 1960–1961. p. 99.