Guanylate cyclase 2C

GUCY2C
Identifiers
Aliases	GUCY2C, DIAR6, GUC2C, MECIL, MUCIL, STAR, guanylate cyclase 2C, GC-C
External IDs	OMIM: 601330; MGI: 106903; HomoloGene: 3641; GeneCards: GUCY2C; OMA:GUCY2C - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p12.3 Start 14,612,632 bp[1] End 14,696,599 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6 G1|6 66.67 cM Start 136,674,282 bp[2] End 136,758,763 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in jejunal mucosa mucosa of sigmoid colon rectum duodenum mucosa of ileum mucosa of transverse colon testicle secondary oocyte epithelium of colon appendix Top expressed in jejunum colon duodenum ileum epithelium of small intestine intestinal villus Ileal epithelium lymph node crypt of lieberkuhn islet of Langerhans More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein kinase activity nucleotide binding GTP binding protein binding lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity ATP binding toxic substance binding guanylate cyclase activity adenylate cyclase activity peptide receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane endoplasmic reticulum guanylate cyclase complex, soluble plasma membrane Biological process intracellular signal transduction cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway protein phosphorylation regulation of cell population proliferation response to toxic substance cGMP biosynthetic process digestion signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2984 14917 Ensembl ENSG00000070019 ENSMUSG00000042638 UniProt P25092 Q3UWA6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004963 NM_001127318 NM_145067 RefSeq (protein) NP_004954 NP_001120790 NP_659504 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 14.61 – 14.7 Mb Chr 6: 136.67 – 136.76 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.^[5][6]

Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain.^[7] The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain. Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.

Functions

GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea.^[8] Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin. This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.

In medicine

Guanylate cyclase 2C is the target of linaclotide and plecanatide, oligopeptide agonists used for the treatment of chronic constipation.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070019 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042638 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor)".
6. Mann EA, Swenson ES, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Taguchi T, Testa JR, Giannella RA (June 1996). "Localization of the guanylyl cyclase C gene to mouse chromosome 6 and human chromosome 12p12". Genomics. 34 (2): 265–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0284. PMID 8661067.
7. Intestinal Protein May Have Role in ADHD, Other Neurological Disorders. ScienceDaily (Aug. 11, 2011) [1]
8. Weiglmeier PR, Rösch P, Berkner H (August 2010). "Cure and Curse: E. coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin and Its Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase C". Toxins. 2 (9): 2213–2229. doi:10.3390/toxins2092213. PMC 3153297. PMID 22069681.

Further reading

• Schulz S, Hyslop T, Haaf J, et al. (2006). "A validated quantitative assay to detect occult micrometastases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of guanylyl cyclase C in patients with colorectal cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (15): 4545–52. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0865. PMID 16899600.
• Park J, Schulz S, Haaf J, et al. (2002). "Ectopic expression of guanylyl cyclase C in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11 (8): 739–44. PMID 12163327.
• Tien YW, Lee PH, Hu RH, et al. (2003). "The role of gelatinase in hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 9 (13): 4891–6. PMID 14581363.
• Basu N, Bhandari R, Natarajan VT, Visweswariah SS (2009). "Cross talk between receptor guanylyl cyclase C and c-src tyrosine kinase regulates colon cancer cell cytostasis". Mol. Cell. Biol. 29 (19): 5277–89. doi:10.1128/MCB.00001-09. PMC 2747985. PMID 19620276.
• Mann EA, Steinbrecher KA, Stroup C, et al. (2005). "Lack of guanylyl cyclase C, the receptor for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, results in reduced polyp formation and increased apoptosis in the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse model". Int. J. Cancer. 116 (4): 500–5. doi:10.1002/ijc.21119. PMID 15825168. S2CID 28833622.
• Saha S, Biswas KH, Kondapalli C, et al. (2009). "The linker region in receptor guanylyl cyclases is a key regulatory module: mutational analysis of guanylyl cyclase C." J. Biol. Chem. 284 (40): 27135–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.020032. PMC 2786029. PMID 19648115.
• Bhandari R, Srinivasan N, Mahaboobi M, et al. (2001). "Functional inactivation of the human guanylyl cyclase C receptor: modeling and mutation of the protein kinase-like domain". Biochemistry. 40 (31): 9196–206. doi:10.1021/bi002595g. PMID 11478887.
• Sindiće A, Başoglu C, Cerçi A, et al. (2002). "Guanylin, uroguanylin, and heat-stable euterotoxin activate guanylate cyclase C and/or a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein in human proximal tubule cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (20): 17758–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110627200. PMID 11889121.
• Jaleel M, London RM, Eber SL, et al. (2002). "Expression of the receptor guanylyl cyclase C and its ligands in reproductive tissues of the rat: a potential role for a novel signaling pathway in the epididymis". Biol. Reprod. 67 (6): 1975–80. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.006445. PMID 12444076.
• Mejia A, Schulz S, Hyslop T, et al. (2009). "GUCY2C reverse transcriptase PCR to stage pN0 colorectal cancer patients". Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 9 (8): 777–85. doi:10.1586/erm.09.67. PMC 2810399. PMID 19895223.
• Scott RO, Thelin WR, Milgram SL (2002). "A novel PDZ protein regulates the activity of guanylyl cyclase C, the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (25): 22934–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202434200. PMID 11950846.
• Ghanekar Y, Chandrashaker A, Tatu U, Visweswariah SS (2004). "Glycosylation of the receptor guanylate cyclase C: role in ligand binding and catalytic activity". Biochem. J. 379 (Pt 3): 653–63. doi:10.1042/BJ20040001. PMC 1224121. PMID 14748740.
• Kulaksiz H, Cetin Y (2001). "Uroguanylin and guanylate cyclase C in the human pancreas: expression and mutuality of ligand/receptor localization as indicators of intercellular paracrine signaling pathways". J. Endocrinol. 170 (1): 267–75. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1700267. PMID 11431160.
• Debruyne PR, Witek M, Gong L, et al. (2006). "Bile acids induce ectopic expression of intestinal guanylyl cyclase C Through nuclear factor-kappaB and Cdx2 in human esophageal cells". Gastroenterology. 130 (4): 1191–206. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.032. PMID 16618413.
• Singh R (2003). "Interaction of guanylyl cyclase C with SH3 domain of Src tyrosine kinase. Yet another mechanism for desensitization". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (27): 24342–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301153200. PMID 12649275.
• Selvaraj NG, Prasad R, Goldstein JL, Rao MC (2000). "Evidence for the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase-II in human distal colon and in T84, the colonic cell line". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1498 (1): 32–43. doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00075-6. PMID 11042348.
• Ciocca V, Bombonati A, Palazzo JP, et al. (2009). "Guanylyl cyclase C is a specific marker for differentiating primary and metastatic ovarian mucinous neoplasms". Histopathology. 55 (2): 182–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03358.x. PMC 3140017. PMID 19694825.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, et al. (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3491D. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491. PMC 16267. PMID 10737800.

External links

• GCC testing for colorectal cancer staging
• GC-C knock-out mice
• guanyl+cyclase-C+receptor at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)