Administrative district of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
Großbetschkerek District
Großbetschkekerer Distrikt, Kreis Großbetschkerek(German) Округ Велики Бечкерек(Serbian) Okrug Veliki Bečkerek(Serbian) Nagybecskereki körzet(Hungarian) Districtul Becicherecul Mare(Romanian)
Großbetschkerek District (Serbian: Okrug Veliki Bečkerek or Округ Велики Бечкерек; German: Großbetschkekerer Distrikt, Kreis Großbetschkerek from 1853 (contemporary Groß-Becskereker District, Kreis Gross-Becskerek);[1][2]Hungarian: Nagybecskereki körzet; Romanian: Districtul Becicherecul Mare) was one of five administrative districts (originally Districte, modern spelling Distrikte; Kreise, lit.'circles', from 1853) of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (a crown land within the Austrian Empire) from 1850 to 1860. Its administrative center was Großbetschkerek (Serbian: Veliki Bečkerek).
In German the original term used for these subdivisions was Districte[1] (modern spelling Distrikte). In 1851 they were divided into subdivisions called (politische) Bezirke,[1] usually translated as '(political) districts'.
In Bach's reforms from 1853 the Districte became Kreise,[3] a form of administrative division already in use across much of the non-Hungarian part of the Empire since the 18th century. The term Kreis, literally 'circle', is also often translated as 'district'. The subdivisions of the Kreise were also called Bezirke in German, or Amtsbezirke [de] ('office districts', in reference to the Bezirksämter or 'district offices' which ran them) to distinguish them from other types of Bezirk. The change of name was not superficial – different political, administrative and judicial structures were used in each subdivision type. (See also Districts of Austria § Habsburg Monarchy and Austrian Empire.)
In 1851 Großbetschkerek District was subdivided into 6 political districts (politische Bezirke), which were structurally akin to the modern districts of Austria (names as defined, modern German in parentheses):[1]
The city of Großbetschkerek (Zrenjanin) was separate from the political districts; the Becskerek district covered the area around the city, which acted as its seat/capital[1] (i.e. it was a statutory city).
In 1854 Großbetschkerek District (now a Kreis) was subdivided into 8 'office districts' (Amtsbezirke [de]) (names as defined, modern German in parentheses):[2]