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Gold(I) cyanide
Names
	Other names Gold monocyanide
Identifiers
CAS Number	506-65-0 [PubChem];
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	61479;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.318
EC Number	208-049-1;
PubChem CID	68172;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1060136 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CN.Au/c1-2;/q-1;+1 Key: IZLAVFWQHMDDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Au+].[C-]#N;
Properties
Chemical formula	CAuN
Molar mass	222.985 g·mol−1
Appearance	dark yellow powder
Density	7.12 g·cm−3
Solubility in water	insoluble
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Space group	P6mm (No. 183)
Lattice constant	a = 340 pm, c = 509 pm
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H300, H310, H330, H410
Related compounds
Other cations	Copper(I) cyanide; Silver cyanide
Related compounds	Gold(III) cyanide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Gold(I) cyanide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula AuCN. It is the binary cyanide of gold(I). It is an odourless, tasteless yellow solid.^[4] Wet gold(I) cyanide is unstable to light and will become greenish.^[4] Gold(I) cyanide itself is only of academic interest, but its derivative dicyanoaurate is an intermediate in gold cyanidation, the extraction of gold from its ores.^[5]

Preparation

Solid gold(I) cyanide precipitates upon reaction of potassium dicyanoaurate with hydrochloric acid:

\mathrm {K[Au(CN)_{2}]+HCl\longrightarrow AuCN+HCN+KCl}

It can also be produced by the reaction of gold(III) chloride and potassium cyanide.^[2]

Reactions

The solid dissolves to form water-soluble adducts with a variety of ligands: cyanides, hydroxide, ammonia, thiosulfate and hydrosulfide.^[2]

Like most gold compounds, it converts to metallic gold upon heating.^{[citation needed]}

Structure

Gold(I) cyanide's is a coordination polymer consisting of linear chains of AuCN such that each Au(I) center is bonded to carbon and nitrogen. The structure is hexagonal with the lattice parameters a = 3.40 Å and c = 5.09 Å.^[2] T^[6]

References

^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., product no. 254088.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e O. Glemser; O. Glemser, H. Sauer (1963). "Gold(I) Cyanide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1064. NY, NY: Academic Press.
^ "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 1888: Goldcyanid
^ Rubo, Andreas; Kellens, Raf; Reddy, Jay; Steier, Norbert; Hasenpusch, Wolfgang (2006). "Alkali Metal Cyanides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.i01_i01. ISBN 978-3527306732.
^ Bowmaker, Graham A.; Kennedy, Brendan J.; Reid, Jason C. (1998). "Crystal Structures of AuCN and AgCN and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of AuCN, AgCN, and CuCN". Inorganic Chemistry. 37 (16): 3968–3974. doi:10.1021/ic9714697. PMID 11670511.

[Sigma-1] Sigma-Aldrich Co., product no. 254088.

[Handbook-2] O. Glemser; O. Glemser, H. Sauer (1963). "Gold(I) Cyanide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1064. NY, NY: Academic Press.

[3] "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 February 2022.

[Meyers-4] Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 1888: Goldcyanid

[Ullmann-5] Rubo, Andreas; Kellens, Raf; Reddy, Jay; Steier, Norbert; Hasenpusch, Wolfgang (2006). "Alkali Metal Cyanides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.i01_i01. ISBN 978-3527306732.

[G._H._Kelsall-6] Bowmaker, Graham A.; Kennedy, Brendan J.; Reid, Jason C. (1998). "Crystal Structures of AuCN and AgCN and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of AuCN, AgCN, and CuCN". Inorganic Chemistry. 37 (16): 3968–3974. doi:10.1021/ic9714697. PMID 11670511.

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