Geography of Togo

Map of Togo
Location of Togo

Togo is a small Sub-Saharan state, comprising a long strip of land in West Africa. Togo's geographic coordinates are a latitude of 8° north and a longitude of 1°10′ east. It is bordered by three countries: Benin to the east, with 644 km (400 mi) of border; Burkina Faso to the north, with 126 km (78 mi) of border; and Ghana, with 877 km (545 mi) of border. To the south Togo has 56 km (35 mi) of coastline along the Bight of Benin of the Gulf of Guinea in the North Atlantic Ocean. Togo stretches 579 km (360 mi) north from the Gulf and is only 160 km (99 mi) wide at the broadest point. In total, Togo has an area of 56,785 km2 (21,925 sq mi), of which 54,385 km2 (20,998 sq mi) is land and 2,400 km2 (927 sq mi) is water.

Togo is commonly divided into six geographic regions. In the south are low-lying sandy beaches. The coastal region is narrow and followed by tidal flats and shallow lagoons. There are also over 200 lakes, the largest of which is Lake Togo.

Area statistics

Area
  • Total: 56,785 km²
    • country rank in the world: 123rd
  • Land: 54,390 km²
  • Water: 2,400 km²
Area comparative
  • Australia comparative: approximately ⁠5/6⁠ the size of Tasmania
  • Canada comparative: approximately equal in size to Nova Scotia
  • United Kingdom comparative: approximately four times the size of Northern Ireland
  • United States comparative: approximately ⁠1/10⁠ smaller than West Virginia
  • EU comparative: approximately equal in size to Croatia

Land use

  • Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
  • Land use:
    • arable land: 44.2%
    • permanent crops: 3.7%
    • other: 52.1% (2011)
  • Irrigated land: 73 km2 (2003)
  • Total renewable water resources: 14.7 km2
  • Natural hazards: hot, dry Harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts.

Physical geography

The country consists primarily of two savanna plains regions separated by a southwest–northeast range of hills (the Chaîne du Togo). In the north lies the Ouatchi Plateau. This plateau is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) wide and located at an altitude of 60 to 90 metres (197 to 295 ft) above sea level. Terre de Barre is another name for this region, in use because of the reddish leached soil which is rich in iron. This southern area of Togo has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion.

Northeast of the Ouatchi Plateau lies a tableland. At its highest this region is about 500 metres (1,640 ft) above sea level. The area is drained by the Mono River and its tributaries, including the Ogou River.

To the west and the southwest of the tableland lie the Togo Mountains. These mountains run across the central region of Togo, ranging from the southwest to the northeast. The mountain range reaches into Benin where it is known as the Atakora Mountains and Ghana where it is known as the Akwapim Hills. The highest mountain in Togo is Mount Agou with a height of 986 metres (3,235 ft).[1]

North of the Togo Mountains lies a sandstone plateau through which the Oti River flows. The vegetation is characterized by savanna. The River Oti which drains the plateau is one of the main tributaries of the River Volta.

In the far northwest of Togo lies a higher region which is characterized by its rocks: granite and gneiss. The cliffs of Dapaong (Dapango) are located in this part of Togo.

Map
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C e n t r a l e
K a r a
S a v a n e s
Fazao Malfakassa
National Park
Oti-Kéran
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Mango
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Sokodé
Sokodé
Lomé
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Map of Togo. The five Regions of Togo span its climatic zones from the coastal equatorial climate of the south to the tropical savanna at the north. Data for Lomé, Sokodé and Mango are shown in the climate tables

Climate

Almost all of Togo has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw). Average temperatures ranging from 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) on the coast to about 30 °C (86 °F) in the northernmost regions. There is a dry season between November and March dominated by the desert winds of the Harmattan, which bring less humid and less unpleasant weather. To the south there are two seasons of rain, the first between April and July and the second weaker rainy season between September and November. In this region rainfall is much lower than in the rest of southern West Africa due to divergent coast-parallel winds between mid-July and mid-September creating a short, foggy secondary dry season.[2]

Climate data for Lomé (Lomé Airport) 1961-1990, extremes 1892-present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.7
(96.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		36.3
(97.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.8
(94.6) 		36.4
(97.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.5
(95.9) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.1
(100.6) 		34.5
(94.1) 		38.1
(100.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		29.6
(85.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		29.1
(84.4) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.7
(87.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.1
(80.8) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.9
(80.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.5
(72.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.3
(72.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.1
(73.6)
Record low °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.9
(67.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		17.1
(62.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.4
(61.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.2
(59.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.9
(0.35) 		23.1
(0.91) 		53.4
(2.10) 		96.1
(3.78) 		152.7
(6.01) 		251.8
(9.91) 		91.0
(3.58) 		32.7
(1.29) 		64.7
(2.55) 		74.6
(2.94) 		20.4
(0.80) 		7.8
(0.31) 		877.2
(34.53)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0 2 3 5 9 11 6 4 6 6 2 1 55
Average relative humidity (%) 79 81 82 82 84 86 87 86 86 85 84 82 84
Mean monthly sunshine hours 222.4 214.8 228.0 218.0 217.8 141.3 135.4 147.5 168.4 218.0 240.6 227.2 2,379.4
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990),[4] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[5]
Lomé mean sea temperature
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
28 °C (82 °F) 28 °C (82 °F) 29 °C (84 °F) 29 °C (84 °F) 29 °C (84 °F) 28 °C (82 °F) 26 °C (79 °F) 25 °C (77 °F) 25 °C (77 °F) 27 °C (81 °F) 28 °C (82 °F) 28 °C (82 °F)
Climate data for Sokodé (1961–1990, extremes 1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.5
(104.9) 		41.0
(105.8) 		40.5
(104.9) 		40.5
(104.9) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.5
(97.7) 		38.5
(101.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		35.7
(96.3) 		40.5
(104.9) 		39.9
(103.8) 		38.0
(100.4) 		41.0
(105.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 34.1
(93.4) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.4
(95.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.3
(90.1) 		30.4
(86.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		28.6
(83.5) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.8
(89.2) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.6
(92.5) 		32.3
(90.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.3
(79.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		27.9
(82.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.2
(79.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		21.8
(71.2) 		22.2
(72.0) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.2
(68.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		17.2
(63.0) 		20.1
(68.2)
Record low °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.8
(62.2) 		15.5
(59.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		11.0
(51.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		10.0
(50.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 4.9
(0.19) 		17.4
(0.69) 		65.7
(2.59) 		103.0
(4.06) 		138.8
(5.46) 		186.5
(7.34) 		233.1
(9.18) 		246.2
(9.69) 		252.8
(9.95) 		117.0
(4.61) 		19.7
(0.78) 		11.7
(0.46) 		1,396.7
(54.99)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0 1 5 8 11 13 16 18 16 8 1 1 97
Average relative humidity (%) 35 49 64 71 76 82 84 85 86 80 69 54 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 262.9 243.1 235.0 214.7 220.2 174.8 124.7 110.4 135.5 213.9 250.6 256.0 2,441.8
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[6]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990),[7] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[8]
Climate data for Mango (Sansane-Mango) (1961–1990, extremes 1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.9
(105.6) 		41.9
(107.4) 		44.4
(111.9) 		42.1
(107.8) 		41
(106) 		38
(100) 		36
(97) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		37.2
(99.0) 		39
(102) 		39.6
(103.3) 		44.4
(111.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 36
(97) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.1
(102.4) 		38
(100) 		35.5
(95.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		35.7
(96.3) 		35.6
(96.1) 		34.5
(94.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2) 		29.4
(84.9) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26
(79) 		26.4
(79.5) 		27.9
(82.2) 		27.9
(82.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		28.1
(82.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18
(64) 		21
(70) 		24.4
(75.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.9
(71.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		18.1
(64.6) 		21.5
(70.7)
Record low °C (°F) 12.1
(53.8) 		15
(59) 		18
(64) 		18.2
(64.8) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.8
(65.8) 		19.5
(67.1) 		17.4
(63.3) 		17.8
(64.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		12.1
(53.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.2
(0.01) 		4.1
(0.16) 		28.6
(1.13) 		66.1
(2.60) 		106.1
(4.18) 		136.6
(5.38) 		195.9
(7.71) 		236.7
(9.32) 		235.5
(9.27) 		69.1
(2.72) 		5.5
(0.22) 		3.4
(0.13) 		1,087.9
(42.83)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0 1 2 4 7 10 12 14 15 6 0 0 71
Average relative humidity (%) 27 28 40 58 69 78 83 85 84 77 54 35 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 269.7 246.4 254.2 237 251.1 216 170.5 148.8 171 257.3 273 257.3 2,737.5
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[9]

Environment

Current issues:

  • deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel
  • health hazards and impact on the fishing industry from water pollution
  • air pollution increasing in urban areas

Togo is party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Extreme points

This is a list of the extreme points of Togo, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

References

  1. ^ "Mount Agou | Hiking, Nature Reserve & Wildlife | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  2. ^ Trewartha, Glenn Thomas (1961). The Earth's problem climates. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780299022709.
  3. ^ "Klimatafel von Lomé (Flugh.) / Togo" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Lomé Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Station Lome" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  6. ^ "Klimatafel von Sokodé/Tchauodjo / Togo" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  7. ^ "Sokode Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Station Sokode" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  9. ^ "Klimatafel von Mango (Sansane-Mango) / Togo" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

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For the German leader, see Karl Jäger. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Karl JaegerKarl JaegerBornApril 12, 1930Los Angeles, California, U.S.DiedNovember 3, 2015 (aged 85)Bath, UKOccupation(s)Educator, writer, artist Karl Jaeger (April 12, 1930 – November 3, 2015) was an Am...

 

Star Channel (Serbian TV channel)

Television channel Star ChannelCountrySerbiaBroadcast areaAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, SloveniaHeadquartersBalkanska 2, Belgrade, SerbiaProgrammingLanguage(s)Serbian, Croatian, Slovene (subtitles)English (audio)Picture format1080i HDTV(downscaled to 16:9 576i for the SDTV feed)OwnershipOwnerThe Walt Disney Company Serbia(Disney Entertainment)Sister channels 24Kitchen Star Crime Star Life Star Movies National Geographic National Geogra...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!