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GSC 02620-00648
Observation data; Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Hercules
	A
Right ascension	17h 53m 13.0490s
Declination	+37° 12′ 42.586″
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.592
	Ca
Right ascension	~17h 53m 13.0496s
Declination	~+37° 12′ 44.139″
Apparent magnitude (V)	13.85
Characteristics
Spectral type	F8/K or M
Apparent magnitude (B)	12.1120005 ±0.007
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.592 ±0.004
Apparent magnitude (J)	10.583 ±0.018
Apparent magnitude (H)	10.350 ±0.015
Apparent magnitude (K)	10.330 ±0.019
Astrometry
A
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −6.382 mas/yr ; Dec.: −20.891 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	1.9686 ± 0.0124 mas
Distance	1,660 ± 10 ly ; (508 ± 3 pc)
C
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −6.307 mas/yr ; Dec.: −20.387 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	1.9657 ± 0.1076 mas
Distance	1,660 ± 90 ly ; (510 ± 30 pc)
Details
A
Mass	1.18 M☉
Radius	1.9 R☉
Luminosity	4.6 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.98 cgs
Temperature	6,200±75[citation needed] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	+0.14±0.09[citation needed] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	8.3 km/s
Age	4.7±2[citation needed] Gyr
B
Mass	0.59 M☉
Other designations
	TrES-4 Parent Star, 2MASS J17531304+3712426, TYC 2620-648-1
Database references
SIMBAD	data

GSC 02620-00648 is a double star in the constellation Hercules. The brighter of the pair is a magnitude 12 star located approximately 1,660 light-years away. This star is about 1.18 times as massive as the Sun.^[1]

Planetary system

In 2006 the TrES program discovered exoplanet TrES-4b using the transit method.^[5] This planet orbits the primary star.^[1]

The GSC 02620-00648 planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	0.919 ± 0.073^[1] $M$ _J	0.05091 ± 0.00071^[1]	3.553945 ± 7.5e-05	0	—	1.799^[7] $R$ _J

Binary star

In 2008 a study was undertaken of 14 stars with exoplanets that were originally discovered using the transit method through relatively small telescopes. These systems were re-examined with the 2.2M reflector telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain. This star system, along with two others, was determined to be a previously unknown binary star system. The previously unknown secondary star is a dim magnitude 14 K or M-type star separated by about 755 AU from the primary, appearing offset from the primary by about one arc second in the images. This discovery resulted in a recalculation of parameters for both the planet and the primary star.^[1]

Notes

Note b: The secondary star is identified with a "C" suffix so as to not confuse it with the planetary designation suffix "b".^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Daemgen; Hormuth, F.; Brandner, W.; Bergfors, C.; Janson, M.; Hippler, S.; Henning, T. (2009). "Binarity of transit host stars - Implications for planetary parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 498 (2): 567–574. arXiv:0902.2179. Bibcode:2009A&A...498..567D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. S2CID 9893376.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "NAME TrES-4 Parent Star". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mandushev; O'Donovan, Francis T.; Charbonneau, David; Torres, Guillermo; Latham, David W.; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Dunham, Edward W.; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Fernández, José M.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Everett, Mark E.; Brown, Timothy M.; Rabus, Markus; Belmonte, Juan A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2007). "TrES-4: A Transiting Hot Jupiter of Very Low Density". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 667 (2): L195–L198. arXiv:0708.0834. Bibcode:2007ApJ...667L.195M. doi:10.1086/522115. S2CID 6087170.
^ Brewer, John M.; Fischer, Debra A. (2018). "Spectral Properties of Cool Stars: Extended Abundance Analysis of Kepler Objects of Interest". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 237 (2): 38. arXiv:1804.00673. Bibcode:2018ApJS..237...38B. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aad501. S2CID 119431797.
^ Daemgen, S.; Hormuth, F.; Brandner, W.; Bergfors, C.; Janson, M.; Hippler, S.; Henning, Th (May 2009). "Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 498 (2): 567–574. arXiv:0902.2179. Bibcode:2009A&A...498..567D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 9893376.

External links

"TrES-4". Exoplanets. Archived from the original on 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
Muir, Hazel (August 6, 2007). "Largest known exoplanet puzzles astronomers". NewScientist.com news service. Retrieved 2007-08-07.