*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 21:30, 23 November 2024 (UTC) ‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 22:23, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
On 4 April 2012, he signed a contract with Eredivisie side Groningen and moved to the Netherlands in June 2012 after the end of the season.[6] He made his debut for Groningen on 21 October 2012.[7] After getting little playing time, Kostić finally began showing promising potential from the beginning of the 2013–14 Eredivisie; he attracted media attention after playing a brilliant game in which he had one assist against NEC,[8] and then on 25 August he added to his reputation of play-making by assisting twice against Go Ahead Eagles.[9] Finally, on 20 October 2013, Kostić scored his first ever goal for Groningen in a 1–0 win against PSV Eindhoven.[10] Kostić received criticism for a media interview after drawing 0–0 with Aberdeen F.C. in the second round of the Europa League qualifiers. He went on record after the match saying, “We go home happy, we have done 80% of what we need to go through”.[11]Groningen went on to lose the tie with the Scottish club 1–2 at the Euroborg.[12]Aberdeen winger Jonny Hayes was later quoted as saying "I was quite happy ramming their words down their throats".[13]
VfB Stuttgart
On 9 August 2014 Filip Kostić moved to German side VfB Stuttgart for €6 million and a possible bonus of €1 million. Groningen also would get 15% of a future transfer fee received by Stuttgart.[14] Kostić signed a contract until June 2019 with VfB Stuttgart.[15]
Hamburger SV
After the relegation of VfB Stuttgart at the end of the season 2015–16, Kostić was transferred to Hamburger SV for a fee of €14 million, making him the most expensive player in the history of the club.[16]
Eintracht Frankfurt
On 20 August 2018, after the relegation of Hamburg at the end of the season 2017–18, Kostić joined Eintracht Frankfurt on loan until the end of 2018–19 season.[17]
On 17 May 2019, Frankfurt announced the permanent signing of Kostić on a permanent deal until 2023.
On 12 August 2022, Juventus announced the signing of Kostić on a four-year deal.[20] On 19 March 2023, he scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory against Inter in the Derby d'Italia.[21]
Fenerbahçe (loan)
On 9 September 2024, Kostic joined Turkish club Fenerbahçe on an initial season-long loan.[22]
Kostić was part of the Serbia squad for UEFA Euro 2024 and started the team's opening match of the tournament against England.[36] He was substituted in the 43rd minute with a suspected knee ligament injury.[37] He missed other Serbia matches in the tournament due to that injury.