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€
€
Euro sign
In Unicode	U+20AC € EURO SIGN (€)
Currency
Currency	Euro
Related
See also	U+20A0 ₠ EURO-CURRENCY SIGN (predecessor).
	Category

The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone and adopted, although not required to, by Kosovo and Montenegro. The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. It consists of a stylized letter E (or epsilon), crossed by two lines instead of one. Depending on convention in each nation, the symbol can either precede or follow the value, e.g., €10 or 10 €, often with an intervening space.

Design

The euro sign in a selection of typefaces

There were originally 30 proposed designs for a symbol for Europe's new common currency; the Commission short-listed these to ten candidates. These ten were put to a public survey. The President of the European Commission at the time (Jacques Santer) and the European Commissioner with responsibility for the euro (Yves-Thibault de Silguy) then chose the winning design.^[1] The other designs that were considered are not available for the public to view, nor is any information regarding the designers available for public query. The Commission considers the process of designing to have been internal and keeps these records secret. The eventual winner was a design created by a team of four experts whose identities have not been revealed. Gazet van Antwerpen has attributed the symbol to Belgian graphic designer Alain Billiet.^[2]

The symbol € is based on the Greek letter epsilon (Є), with the first letter in the word "Europe" and with 2 parallel lines signifying stability.
— European Union^[3]

The official story of the design history of the euro sign is disputed by Arthur Eisenmenger, a former chief graphic designer for the European Economic Community, who says he had the idea 25 years before the Commission's decision.^[4]

The Commission specified a euro logo with exact proportions and colours (PMS Yellow foreground, PMS Reflex Blue background^[5]), for use in public-relations material related to the euro introduction. While the Commission intended the logo to be a prescribed glyph shape, type designers made it clear that they intended instead to adapt the design to be consistent with the typefaces to which it was to be added.^[6]

Use on computers and mobile phones

The euro is represented in Unicode as U+20AC € EURO SIGN. In modern computer systems and mobile phones, this is the only codepoint used. When first introduced, however, work to retrofit the symbol into crowded pre-existing character set standards and vendor-specific schemas presented challenges that were not fully resolved until widespread adoption of Unicode.

History of implementation

Initially, different vendors assigned the euro sign to different code positions in their historic encoding schemes. This led to many initial problems displaying the euro sign consistently in computer applications, depending on access method. While displaying the euro sign was no problem as long as only one system was used (provided an up-to-date computer font with the proper glyph was available), but mixed setups often produced errors. Initially, Apple, Microsoft and Unix systems chose a different code point to represent a euro symbol: thus a user of one system might have seen a euro symbol whereas (when the file was transferred) another would see a different symbol or nothing at all. In such situations character set conversions had to be made, often introducing conversion errors such as a question mark ⟨?⟩ being displayed instead of a euro sign.

Initially, some mobile phone companies issued an interim software update for their special SMS character set, replacing the less-frequent Japanese yen sign with the euro sign. Subsequent mobile phones have both currency signs.

Entry methods

Depending on keyboard layout and the operating system, there is a variety of ways to enter the symbol. The symbol is engraved on most keyboards used in Europe. (For entry methods in other territories, please refer to local sources or the article Unicode input.)

Use

A euro light sculpture at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt

Placement of the sign varies. Countries have generally continued the style used for their former currencies. In those countries where previous convention was to place the currency sign before the figure, the euro sign is placed in the same position (e.g., €3.50).^[7] In those countries where the amount preceded the national currency sign, the euro sign is again placed in that relative position (e.g., 3,50 €).

In English the euro sign – like the dollar sign ⟨$⟩ and the pound sign ⟨£⟩ – is usually placed before the figure, unspaced,^[8] the reverse of usage in many other European languages. When written out, "euro" is placed after the value in lower case; the plural is used for two or more units, and euro cents are separated with a full-stop, not a comma as in many countries (e.g., €1.50, 14 euros). The European Union's Interinstitutional Style Guide (for EU staff) states that the euro sign should be placed in front of the amount without any space in English, but after the amount in most other languages.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Prices of items costing less than one euro are often written using a local abbreviation like ⟨ct.⟩ (particularly in Spain and Lithuania), ⟨snt.⟩ (Finland), ⟨c.⟩ (Ireland), and ⟨Λ⟩ (Greece). For example, 10 cents may be written as 10 ct., 10 snt., 10c., or 10Λ, depending on location. The US style ⟨¢⟩ is rarely seen in formal contexts. Alternatively, they can be written as decimals, e.g. €0.07.

Notes

References

^ "The euro, our currency | A symbol for the European currency" (PDF). European Commission. 18 March 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
^ "Belg Alain Billiet ontwierp het euroteken" [The Belgian Alain Billet designed the euro sign]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 10 October 2001. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
^ "The Euro – Design". European Union. European Commission. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
^ Connolly, Kate (23 December 2001). "Observer | Inventor who coined euro sign fights for recognition". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
^ "European Commission – Economic and Financial Affairs – How to use the euro name and symbol". Ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
^ "Typographers discuss the euro". Evertype. December 1996. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
^ Euro: valutateken voor of achter het bedrag?, Nederlandse Taalunie. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
^ "The Economist Style Guide: Currencies". The Economist. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
^ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – 7.3.3. Rules for expressing monetary units". style-guide.europa.eu. Publications Office - OP/B.3/CRI.
^ "Amt für Veröffentlichungen – Interinstitutionelle Regeln für Veröffentlichungen – 7.3.3 Schreibregeln für Währungsbezeichnungen". style-guide.europa.eu.
^ "Oficina de Publicaciones — Libro de estilo interinstitucional — 7.3.3. Normas de escritura de las referencias monetarias". style-guide.europa.eu.
^ "Office des publications — Code de rédaction interinstitutionnel — 7.3.3. Règles d'écriture des références monétaires". style-guide.europa.eu.
^ "Ufficio delle pubblicazioni — Manuale interistituzionale di convenzioni redazionali — 7.3.3. Regole di scrittura dei riferimenti monetari". style-guide.europa.eu.

External links

Euro name and symbol, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission
Communication from the Commission: The use of the Euro symbol, July 1997, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission
Typing a Euro symbol on a non-European QWERTY keyboard. Several methods are shown for and others special characters.