Doral has operated under the mayor-council-manager form of government since incorporation. Policymaking and legislative authority are vested in a governing council consisting of the mayor and four other councilmembers. The council, which is elected at large, is responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions, adopting the annual budget, and appointing the city manager, city clerk and city attorney. The city manager is responsible for carrying out the council's policies and ordinances, overseeing the government's daily operations, and appointing the heads of various departments.
For a city of its size, Doral has many shops, financial institutions and businesses, especially importers and exporters, primarily because of its proximity to the airport. In 2008, Fortune Small Business and CNN Money ranked Doral 51st on a list of 100 cities with the best mix of business advantages and lifestyle appeal.[15] The city was named a 2019 All-America City Award finalist and one of the Best Places to Live in 2018 by Money magazine.
History
In the late 1950s, real estate pioneers Alfred and Doris Kaskel purchased 2,400 acres (9.7 km2) of swampland between Northwest 36 Street and Northwest 74 Street and from Northwest 79 Avenue to Northwest 117 Avenue for about $49,000, intending to build a golf course and hotel. In 1962, the Doral Country Club opened in western Dade County, featuring the blue, red, and par-3 golf courses, along with a hotel on Miami Beach. The "Doral" name is a combination of Doris and Alfred's names. As Doral's first structure, the Doral Hotel, and Country Club became the area's hot spot: guests were transported from the beach to the country club for a day on the golf course.[16]
In the second year of operations, the Kaskels hosted the first Doral Open Invitational, Florida's major PGA event.[16] Alfred offered $50,000 in prize money to attract well-known golfers and add credibility to the course. According to the South Florida Golf Foundation, at the time, only three other tournaments were held in Florida, offering a combined total of $65,000 prize money.[citation needed]
By the early 1980s, Doral experienced its first residential growth spurt, when Alfred's and Doris' grandson Bill developed Doral Estates, followed by a joint venture with Lennar to build Doral Park. Both communities were named after the hotel, a trend that was to be repeated many more times. Although younger families started flooding the area, there were no stores, schools, or parks. Initially, most new homes were investment properties or second homes, but early full-time residents started coming together as a community.[17]
From 1983 to 1985, Miami-Dade County imposed a building moratorium to protect the area's water wells. Once the ban was lifted, Doral experienced tremendous growth. In 1989, Morgan Levy helped organize the West Dade Federation of Homeowner Associations to stand strong against proposals that threatened the community's welfare. Thus, they secured a police station instead of a jail and convinced county officials to implement higher development standards and more lighting, roads, and landscaping.
In 1995, residents began lobbying for incorporation in earnest, dissatisfied with the high tax rate relative to the services they received, as well as unchecked growth. The county met the first attempt at incorporation with a year's deferral. Some classified Doral as a "donor community", meaning that the taxes paid were more than the cost of operations.[16] With the deferral, incorporation efforts intensified even more. In 1996, the community elected its first community council: Jose "Pepe" Cancio Sr., Mario Pita, and Barbara B. Thomas were elected, and three other members were appointed. The council initially met once every month.[16]
In 2002, Governor Jeb Bush appointed Cancio to fill the remainder of Miami-Dade Commissioner Miriam Alonso's term of office. Doral residents hoped that his appointment would bring the community closer to incorporation, and their hopes were realized. Although Cancio endorsed Juan Carlos Bermudez, the City of Doral's first elected Mayor, as his replacement on the Community Council, Bermudez declined the offer, ran for the seat, and was elected. At the time, Bermudez was president of One Doral, a civic organization formed to counteract the perceived influence of the West Dade Federation on the new Council. However, both One Doral and the West Dade Federation proved essential to the incorporation process.
In January 2003, following a seven-year battle, 85% of Doral's voters voted in favor of incorporation. In June of the same year, 92% voted to accept the City Charter and elected their first Mayor and City Council.
The new City of Doral was named as an attractive location for entrepreneurs with an interest in the Latin America market.[18] Mayor Luigi Boria, elected in November 2012, became the second Venezuelan-American mayor in the United States. He was replaced by Juan Carlos Bermudez who won a reelection bid in 2016.[19] Mayor Bermudez was again reelected in November 2020 with 69.85% of votes for four more years to lead the community.[20]
On December 13, 2022, during a run-off election, Doral voters made history by electing Doral's first female Mayor, Christi Fraga, with 54.5% of the votes.[21]
Media
Doral Community Newspapers, which is published bi-weekly and is part of Miami Community Newspapers, is one of the local publications in Doral. Another long-standing publication is Doral Family Journal, also publishing bi-weekly.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.08 square miles (39.1 km2). 13.85 square miles (35.9 km2) of it are land and 1.23 square miles (3.2 km2) of it (8.14%) are water.[11]
Doral has hot-humid summers with the heat index regularly surpassing 100 °F (37°C) and higher. The rainy season in Doral runs from May through October when the majority of the city's rainfall occurs. Winters are short, dry, and warm with occasional dips in temperatures during the passage of cold fronts.
Climate data for Doral, Florida, 2001-2020 normals, extremes 1991-present
Doral, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 75,874 people, 18,791 households, and 15,311 families residing in the city.[28]
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 45,704 people, 13,462 households, and 10,583 families residing in the city.[29]
2000 census
As of 2000, 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.12.
In 2000, the city population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 43.6% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. As of 2000, the median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $53,060, and the median income for a family was $57,193. Males had a median income of $46,324 versus $32,827 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,705. About 9.5% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
In 2005, Doral had over 10,000 businesses. During that year, Carnival Cruise Lines, Ryder, and Univision had operations in Doral. For years leading into 2005, Doral attracted businesses of various sizes.[31]
Before Doral was incorporated, the second (1996–1998) Pan American World Airways had its headquarters in Doral.[50] At one time Ryder had its headquarters in Doral.[51] In 2002 Ryder announced that it would move its headquarters to a new site in Miami-Dade County.[52] The Miami Herald (along with El Nuevo Herald) moved its headquarters to Doral in 2013,[53] and the headquarters stayed there until the newspaper vacated the facility in August 2020.[54]
In September 2017, Doral published a comprehensive economic study which noted that "The City is home to 6,802 establishments employing 102,235 workers. The total volume of sales revenue from these companies, concentrated in such a small geographic area, represents $679,634 per worker, or over $1.35 million per resident making Doral one of South Florida's and the State's most productive local economies."[55]
Principal employers
According to Doral's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report:
The Doral Police Department was started on June 2, 2008,[56] with 93 officers.[57] Previously, the Miami-Dade Police Department served the area with stickers on the sides of its cars showing Doral's logo.
On January 20, 2015, former basketball star Shaquille O'Neal was sworn in as a reserve officer for Doral's police force.[58]
The City of Doral Trolley was launched on February 1, 2008, and offers free travel for residents and visitors. The pilot program involved a weekday route that ran from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm with one trolley servicing one route. Currently the system has four routes, including a route servicing Florida International University, and the fleet includes 12 trolleys.[65] In 2019, the City of Doral added the Freebee service, an on-demand transportation service which uses electric vehicles. Areas of service covered by the Freebee continues to expand with hot spot locations like Downtown Doral, CityPlace, Intercontinental Hotel and more being included.
The Miami-Dade Public Library System operates the Doral Branch, which reopened on July 5, 2003, after an expansion, in the Doral Isles Shopping Center.[84] In addition the system operates the 7,500-square-foot (700 m2) International Mall Branch in Doral. The library was the second to be built after the opening of the Main Library in 1985.[85] In June 2019, the Miami-Dade Public Library System's Doral Branch was moved to Downtown Doral, the city's new dynamic urban core.[86]
^ ab"ホーム" ("Home"). Miami Hoshuko. Retrieved on April 30, 2014. "借用校・校舎 Iglesia Bautisita de Coral Park 8755 SW 16 Street Miami, FL. 33165" and "補習校事務所 Miami Hoshuko, Inc., 3403 NW 82 Avenue, Suite 340 Miami, Florida, 33122" - Compare the addresses to the maps, as neither are in the Miami city limits despite the "Miami, FL" postal addresses.
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