Belle Glade (and the surrounding area) is sometimes referred to as "Muck City" due to the large quantity of muck, in which sugarcane grows, found in the area.[1] Despite being located in the South Florida region of the state, Belle Glade is culturally more associated with the Florida Heartland.
For a time during the early to mid 1980s, the city had the highest rate of AIDS infection per capita (37 cases in a population of roughly 19,000) in the United States.[12] According to the FBI, in 2003, the city had the second highest violent crime rate in the country at 298 per 10,000 residents.[citation needed] In 2010, the Palm Beach County sheriff's office estimated that half of the young men in Belle Glade between the ages of 18 and 25 had felony convictions.[13]
The town of Belle Glade was founded during the Florida land boom of the 1920s.[16] During that period, there were a series of efforts made to put in place drainage systems to reclaim dry land from the Everglades, including land around Lake Okeechobee. It was hoped that the reclaimed acreage could be put to better use, including agriculture. In 1921 the Florida legislature established an agricultural research station at Belle Glade to study methods of growing crops on reclaimed Everglades land. At that time, there were already 16 settlements on and around Lake Okeechobee, inhabited by around 2,000 people.[17]
A settlement, originally named Hillsboro, was built at what is now Belle Glade in 1925.[18] In 1926 the Florida East Coast Railway extended its system to Belle Glade, which helped the town's development.[19][20]
1928 hurricane
A powerful hurricane struck the area on September 16, 1928. The storm winds caused Lake Okeechobee to overflow its banks, inundating towns around the lake and causing widespread damage in Belle Glade. According to figures compiled by the Florida Department of Health, the storm killed 611 people in Belle Glade alone, and a total of over 1,800 statewide. Contemporary accounts stated that most of the dead were Black migrant farmworkers, a "large percentage" of whom were believed to be from the Bahamas.[21] Belle Glade was rebuilt, and a large dike was erected to protect towns around the lake from storm-driven overflows.
World War II
German prisoners of war were confined in camps located at Belle Glade and nearby Clewiston during World War II.[22]
HIV/AIDS
In the early 1980s, researchers began to notice a large number of people with AIDS in Belle Glade. The disease had first been identified by doctors in New York and California in 1981, and it was largely associated with communities of gay men in and around large cities. In Belle Glade, however, people with AIDS mainly identified as heterosexual, and around half were women. Some researchers, and notably Dr. Mark Whiteside and Dr. Carolyn MacLeod of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, in Miami, hypothesized that AIDS in Belle Glade might be connected to poverty and poor living conditions in the city's "colored town," where many people diagnosed with the disease also lived. Their theory, along with the very high per capita AIDS rate in Belle Glade, brought notoriety to the town as the "AIDS capital of the world." Whiteside and MacLeod's theory turned out to be incorrect, but subsequent research conducted in Belle Glade shaped scientific knowledge about the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, through heterosexual sex.[23]
In recent years
Today, the area around Lake Okeechobee is fertile and farming is an important industry. Sugar cane and vegetables are grown.[24]
Migrant farmworkers are an important part of the labor force. Belle Glade received national attention when a 1960 CBS television documentary, Harvest of Shame, graphically depicted the local migrant farmerworkers' daily existence and working conditions.[25][26]
Men and women still gather around 5 a.m. in the same lot you see at the beginning of Harvest of Shame, waiting for buses to take them to the fields. The "loading ramp," as it's called, is a bleak, empty lot, surrounded by some small buildings with bars on the windows and a boarded up storefront.[27]
As of May 2014 the city has plans "to demolish the loading ramp and turn it into a park."[27]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which 4.7 square miles (12 km2) are land and 0.21% is water.
Climate
Climate data for Belle Glade, Florida, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–2006
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 17,467 people, 5,832 households, and 3,879 families residing in the city.[33]
2000 census
In 2000, 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.62.
In 2000, the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $22,715, and the median income for a family was $26,756. Males had a median income of $26,232 versus $21,410 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,159. About 28.5% of families and 32.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2000, Belle Glade had the tenth highest percentage of Haitian residents in the United States, at 11.50% of the populace.[35] It also had the sixtieth highest percentage of Cuban residents nationally, at 5.98% of the population.[36]
As of Feb. 2013, the official unemployment rate was about 15%; however, the town's mayor suggested the actual unemployment rate was closer to 40%. The number of jobs available locally dropped as local agriculture shifted from vegetables to sugarcane, a more highly mechanized crop.[13]
The high school football culture of Belle Glade is the subject of the non-fiction book, Muck City: Winning and Losing in Football's Forgotten Town by author Bryan Mealer.
^ abAdelson, Eric. "The Chase". ESPN The Magazine. ESPN. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
^ abOvaska, Mark (February 2, 2012). "Muck City. Way Out". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2018. In Muck City, football is salvation, an escape from the likelihood of prison or early death.
^Milanich, Jerald T. (1994). Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. Gainesville, FL: University press of Florida. pp. 279–283, 290–297. ISBN0-8130-1273-2.
^Setzler, F. M.; Strong, W. D. (Winter 1936). "Archaeology and Relief". The American Scholar. 5 (1): 109–117. JSTOR41206419.
^Tebeau, Charleton W. (1971). A History of Florida (revised 1980 ed.). Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. pp. 348–351. ISBN0-87024-303-9.
^"Belle Glade". Britannica.com. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
^Kleinberg, Elliot (September 16, 2023). Black Cloud: The Great Florida Hurricane of 1928. New York: Carroll & Graf. pp. 98–99, 213, 243–244. ISBN978-0-7867-1146-8.
^Kleinberg, Eliot (January 2, 2022). "Florida history: German prisoners of war – the enemy in our midst". The Palm Beach Post.
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