Day for Night (film)

Day for Night
Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
French	La nuit américaine
Literally	American Night
Directed by	François Truffaut
Written by	François Truffaut Jean-Louis Richard Suzanne Schiffman
Produced by	Marcel Berbert
Starring	Jacqueline Bisset Valentina Cortese Dani Alexandra Stewart Jean-Pierre Aumont Jean Champion Jean-Pierre Léaud François Truffaut
Cinematography	Pierre-William Glenn
Edited by	Yann Dedet Martine Barraquè
Music by	Georges Delerue
Production companies	Les Films du Carrosse PECF PIC
Distributed by	Warner-Columbia Film
Release dates	14 May 1973 (1973-05-14) (Cannes) 24 May 1973 (1973-05-24) (France) 7 September 1973 (1973-09-07) (Italy)
Running time	116 minutes
Countries	France[1] Italy[1]
Language	French
Budget	$700,000[2]
Box office	839,583 admissions (France)[3]

Day for Night (French: La Nuit américaine, lit. 'American Night') is a 1973 romantic comedy-drama film co-written and directed by François Truffaut. The metafictional and self-reflexive film chronicles the troubled production of a melodrama, and the various personal and professional challenges of the cast and crew. It stars Jacqueline Bisset, Valentina Cortese, Jean-Pierre Aumont, Dani, Alexandra Stewart, Jean-Pierre Léaud and Truffaut himself.^[4]

The film premiered out of competition at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival and won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film the following year.^[5] At the 1975 Oscars, the film was nominated for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actress for Valentina Cortese. The film also won three BAFTA Awards, for Best Film, Best Direction, and Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Cortese.

Retrospective reviews have appraised Day for Night as one of Truffaut's best films, and one of the greatest films of all time.^[6][7]

Title

The original French title, La Nuit américaine, refers to the French name for the filmmaking process whereby sequences filmed outdoors in daylight are shot with a filter over the camera lens (a technique described in the dialogue of Truffaut's film) or also using film stock balanced for tungsten (indoor) light and underexposed (or adjusted during post-production) to appear as if they are taking place at night. In English, the technique is called day for night.

Plot

The film chronicles the production of Je vous présente Paméla (Meet Pamela, or literally I Introduce You to Pamela), a clichéd melodrama starring aging screen icon Alexandre, former Italian diva Séverine, young heartthrob Alphonse and British actress Julie Baker, who is recovering from both a nervous breakdown and the controversy over her marriage to her much older doctor.

In between are several vignettes chronicling the stories of the crew members and the director, Ferrand, who deals with the practical problems of making a film. Behind the camera, the actors and crew experience several romances, affairs, break-ups and sorrows. The production is especially shaken up when one of the supporting actresses is revealed to be pregnant.

Later, Alphonse's lover leaves him for the film's stuntman, which leads Alphonse into a palliative one-night stand with an accommodating Julie; thereupon, mistaking Julie's pity for true love, the infantile Alphonse informs Julie's husband of the affair. Finally, Alexandre dies on the way to hospital after a car accident.

Cast

• Jacqueline Bisset as Julie Baker, a British actress playing Pamela in the film-within-a-film
• Valentina Cortese as Séverine, an Italian actress playing Pamela's mother-in-law
• Dani as Liliane, a novice script girl
• Alexandra Stewart as Stacey, a young British actress playing a secretary
• Jean-Pierre Aumont as Alexandre, a French actor playing Pamela's father-in-law
• Jean Champion as Bertrand, the producer
• Jean-Pierre Léaud as Alphonse, a young French actor playing Pamela's husband
• François Truffaut as Ferrand, the director
• Nike Arrighi as Odile, the make-up artist
• Nathalie Baye as Joëlle, the assistant director
• Maurice Séveno as a television reporter
• David Markham as Dr. Nelson, Julie's husband
• Bernard Ménez as Bernard, the set designer
• Gaston Joly as Gaston
• Zénaïde Rossi as Madame Lajoie, Gaston's wife, who hovers around the set making sure her husband doesn't have an affair
• Xavier Saint-Macary as Christian, Alexandre's lover
• Graham Greene as an insurance agent

Themes

One of the film's themes is whether cinema is more important than life to those who make it. It makes many allusions both to filmmaking and to movies themselves, perhaps unsurprisingly since Truffaut began his career as a film critic who championed cinema as an art form. The film opens with a picture of Lillian and Dorothy Gish, to whom it is dedicated. In one scene, Ferrand opens a package of books he has ordered on directors such as Luis Buñuel, Carl Theodor Dreyer, Ingmar Bergman, Alfred Hitchcock, Howard Hawks, Jean-Luc Godard, Ernst Lubitsch, Roberto Rossellini and Robert Bresson.

The film's French title could sound like L'ennui américain ("American boredom"): Truffaut wrote elsewhere of the way French cinema critics inevitably make this pun of any title that uses nuit. Here, he deliberately invites his viewers to recognise the artificiality of cinema, particularly American-style studio film, with its reliance on effects such as day for night, that Je vous présente Paméla exemplifies.^[8]

Production

The film was based on an original idea by Truffaut who said he wanted the picture to do for film what Fahrenheit 451 did for books "to show why it is good to love the cinema". He dedicated the film to Dorothy and Lillian Gish, whom Truffaut called "the first two actresses of the cinema"; he said the film was made in "the spirit of friendship for all the people in the movie business".^[9]

Casting

Truffaut used international actors because he felt French cinema did not have the mythological aspect he wanted. He said the film was influenced by The Golden Coach and Singin' in the Rain (both 1952); the latter was his favourite film about filmmaking because it showed everyone involved in a film, not just the director and star.^[10]

Jacqueline Bisset was cast in part because she spoke French. "I was so flattered when he [Truffaut] called", said Bisset. "It's wonderful to work with someone who likes working with women".^[11]

Filming

The film was shot mainly in Nice on an enormous set for a Paris street originally built by an American company and used for Lady L (1965) and The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969). Truffaut got the idea while editing Two English Girls (1971).^[12]

Author Graham Greene makes a cameo appearance as an insurance company representative, billed as "Henry Graham".^[13] On the film's DVD, it was reported that Greene was a great admirer of Truffaut, and had always wanted to meet him, so when the small part came up where he actually talks to the director, he was delighted to have the opportunity. It was reported that Truffaut was disappointed he was not told until later that the actor playing the insurance company representative was Greene, as he would have liked to have made his acquaintance, being an admirer of Greene's work.

Truffaut took a sabbatical after making the film.^[14]

Reception

Critical response

The film is often considered one of Truffaut's best. It is one of two Truffaut films on Time magazine's list of the 100 Best Films of the Century, along with The 400 Blows (1959).^[6] It has also been called "the most beloved film ever made about filmmaking".^[7]

Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, writing, "it is not only the best movie ever made about the movies but is also a great entertainment."^[15] He added it to his "The Great Movies" list in 1997.^[16] Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the film "hilarious, wise and moving," with "superb" performances.^[17] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four, calling it "a movie about the making of a movie; it also is a wonderfully tender story of the fragile, funny, and tough people who populate the film business."^[18] He named it the best film of 1973 in his year-end list.^[19] Pauline Kael of The New Yorker called the film "a return to form" for Truffaut, "though it's a return only to form." She added, "It has a pretty touch. But when it was over, I found myself thinking, Can this be all there is to it? The picture has no center and not much spirit."^[20] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "one of the most sheerly enjoyable movies of any year, for any audience. For those who love the movies as Truffault loves them, 'Day for Night' is a very special testament of that love."^[21] Richard Combs of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "Easily classifiable as a lightweight work, and never digging much below the surface of either its characters or its director's particular concept of cinema, the film still manages to be an irresistable [sic?] delight simply because of the élan and ingenious craftsmanship with which its traditionally dangerous, self-conscious format is handled."^[22]

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 98% based on 40 reviews, with an average score of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A sweet counterpoint to Godard's Contempt, Truffaut's Day for Night is a congenial tribute to the self-afflicted madness that is making a movie".^[23]

Jean-Luc Godard walked out of Day for Night in disgust, and accused Truffaut of making a film that was a "lie". Truffaut responded with a long letter critical of Godard, and the two former friends never met again.^[24]

Awards and nominations

Institution	Year	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
Academy Award	1974[25]	Best Foreign Language Film	France	Won
	1975[26]	Best Director	François Truffaut	Nominated
		Best Supporting Actress	Valentina Cortese	Nominated
		Best Original Screenplay	François Truffaut, Suzanne Schiffman and Jean-Louis Richard	Nominated
British Academy Film Awards	1973[27]	Best Film	François Truffaut	Won
		Best Direction		Won
		Best Actress in a Supporting Role	Valentina Cortese	Won
Chicago International Film Festival	1974	Gold Hugo (Best Feature)	François Truffaut	Nominated
French Syndicate of Cinema Critics Awards	1974	Best French Film		Won
Golden Globe Awards	1974[28]	Best Foreign Film		Nominated
		Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture	Valentina Cortese	Nominated
Nastro d'Argento	1974	Best Foreign Director	François Truffaut	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards	1973[29]	Top Five Foreign Films		2nd Place
National Society of Film Critics Awards	1973[30]	Best Film		Won
		Best Director	François Truffaut	Won
		Best Supporting Actress	Valentina Cortese	Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards	1973[31]	Best Film		Won
		Best Director	François Truffaut	Won
		Best Supporting Actress	Valentina Cortese	Won

See also

• List of French submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
• List of submissions to the 46th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
• List of films featuring fictional films

References

1. "La Nuit américaine". European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
2. Gussow, Mel (9 October 1973). "Truffaut Describes Adventure of Film". The New York Times. p. 42. ISSN 0362-4331.
3. "Box Office information for Francois Truffaut films". Box Office Story (in French).
4. Allen, Don (1985). Finally Truffaut. New York: Beaufort Books. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-8253-0335-7.
5. "Festival de Cannes: Day for Night". Cannes Film Festival. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
6. "All-Time 100 Movies". Time. 12 February 2005. Archived from the original on 23 May 2005. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
7. Sterritt, David. "Day for Night (1973)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016.
8. Truffaut, François (1986). Hitchcock by Truffaut: The Definitive Study (updated ed.). Paladin. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-5860-8653-7.
9. Kramer, Carol (7 October 1973). "Movies: Truffaut on film, in sharp focus". Chicago Tribune. p. E13. ISSN 1085-6706.
10. Blume, Mary (14 January 1973). "Movies: Francois Truffaut's Real Love Affair With Film-making". Los Angeles Times. p. 22. ISSN 0458-3035.
11. Kramer, Carol (11 March 1973). "Movies: The decisive, decorative, diplomatic Miss Bisset". Chicago Tribune. p. E6. ISSN 1085-6706.
12. Mills, Bart (6 August 1972). "Tho audiences may be jaded, Truffaut will remain Truffaut". Chicago Tribune. p. i13. ISSN 1085-6706.
13. French, Philip (25 July 2010). "The 10 best movie cameos". The Guardian. London.
14. Sweeney, Louise (18 June 1973). "Profile: Francois Truffaut". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 7. ISSN 0882-7729.
15. Ebert, Roger (7 September 1973). "Day for Night". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 18 December 2018 – via RogerEbert.com.
16. Ebert, Roger (26 December 1997). "Day for Night". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 18 December 2018 – via RogerEbert.com.
17. Canby, Vincent (29 September 1973). "Screen: 'Day for Night'". The New York Times. p. 22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
18. Siskel, Gene (12 February 1974). "Francois Truffaut triumphs in 'Day for Night". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 4. ISSN 1085-6706.
19. Siskel, Gene (29 December 1974). "On the Big 10 scoreboard: Europe 6 U.S. 4". Chicago Tribune. Section 6, p. 2. ISSN 1085-6706.
20. Kael, Pauline (15 October 1973). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. pp. 160, 163. ISSN 0028-792X.
21. Champlin, Charles (3 April 1974). "Labor of Love From Truffault". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 1. ISSN 0458-3035.
22. Combs, Richard (January 1974). "La Nuit Américaine (Day for Night)". The Monthly Film Bulletin. Vol. 41, no. 480. p. 12. ISSN 0027-0407.
23. "Day for Night". Rotten Tomatoes. 7 September 1973. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
24. Gleiberman, Owen (27 May 2010). "Godard and Truffaut: Their spiky, complex friendship is its own great story in 'Two in the Wave'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011.
25. "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
26. "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
27. "BAFTA Awards: Film in 1974". BAFTA. 1974. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
28. "Day for Night – Golden Globes". HFPA. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
29. "1973 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
30. "Past Awards". National Society of Film Critics. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
31. "1973 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". New York Film Critics Circle. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

External links

• Day for Night at IMDb 
• Day for Night at Rotten Tomatoes
• Day for Night at the TCM Movie Database
• Day for Night: Are Movies Magic? – an essay by David Cairns at The Criterion Collection