Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 道真仡佬族苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 道真仡佬族苗族自治縣; pinyin: Dàozhēn Gēlǎozú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn; usually referred to as "Daozhen County" (道真县; 道真縣), is a county in northernmost Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zunyi. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is surrounded by Chongqing on the north, Zheng'an County on the southwest, and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County on the southeast. The county covers 2,156 km2 (832 sq mi), as of 2018, it has a census registered population of 352,149.[2] The county has one subdistrict, eleven towns, one ethnic township and two townships under its jurisdiction, the county seat is Yinzhen Subdistrict.
Etymology
The name of "Yinzhen" is named after the courtesy name "Daozhen" (道真) of Yin Zhen (尹珍), a Confucian scholar who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) and was one of "Three Sages of Han in Guizhou", the other two were She Ren (舍人) and Sheng Lan (盛览).[3]
History
After conquering all the states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang implemented the system of prefectures and counties in 221 BC. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County came under the jurisdiction of Ba Commandery (巴郡).[4]
In 221, the county under the control of Shu Han (221–263).[4]
After the Disaster of Yongjia in 311, local ethnic groups resisted full subjugation and the central government lost its jurisdiction.[4]
In 564, Feng Zhou (奉州) was formed after the native ruler Tian Sihe (田思鹤) made agreements with the Northern Zhou Empire (557–581). Ten years later it was renamed "Qian Zhou" (黔州).[4]
After China was reunified during the Sui dynasty (589–618), Xin'an County (信安县) was formed and under the administration of Mingyang Commandery (明阳郡).[4]
Under the Tang dynasty (618–907), its name was replaced by "Xinning County" (信宁县) and under the administration of Yi Zhou (义州).[4] It came under the jurisdiction of Qian Zhou (黔州) in 673, Zhen Zhou (珍州) in 642 and later Zhen Zhou (溱州) in 807.[4] After the fall of Tang dynasty, the central government lost its jurisdiction again.[4]
In 965, the native leader Tian Jingqian (田景迁) paid allegiance to the Emperor Taizong, who declared the new Qiande period of the Song dynasty (960–1279) five years ago.[5] Its name was changed to Gao Zhou () in 968 and restored the former name "Zhen Zhou" (珍州) in 1108.[5] In 1274, it was under jurisdiction of Bo Zhou (播州).[5]
In 1363, Ming Yuzhen founded the Ming Xia in southwest China during the chaotic late Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the name was changed to "Zhen Zhou" (真州).[5]
In 1372, Yang Keng (杨铿), the top local official, paid allegiance to Hongwu Emperor, who set up the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) four years ago.[5] It came under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Buzhengshisi (四川布政使司) and later Guizhou Buzhengshisi (贵州布政使司) in 1382.[5] In 1600, local government known as "Bozhou Xuanweisi" (播州宣慰司) rose in rebellion against the central government.[5]Wanli Emperor sent troops to pacify the rebellion. Zhen'an Zhou (真安州) was split from "Bozhou Xuanweisi" after the rebellion was suppressed.[5]
In July 1914, Zheng'an Zhou was revoked and Daozhen County was set up.[5]
On December 21, 1949, the Communists took over Daozhen County.[6] It came under the jurisdiction of Zunyi Special District (遵义专区).[6] In December 1958, Daozhen County was revoked and merged into Zheng'an County. Daozhen County was restored in August 1961. In November 1987 it became an autonomous county known as "Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County" approved by the State Council of China.[7][8]
Administrative division
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County has one subdistrict, eleven towns, one ethnic township and two townships under its jurisdiction.[9] The county seat is Yinzhen Subdistrict.
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is located in northern Guizhou province.[10] Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County shares a border with Chongqing on the north, Zheng'an County on the southwest, and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County on the southeast.[10] The county has a combined area of 2,156-square-kilometre (832 sq mi), of which 2,111-square-kilometre (815 sq mi) is land and 45-square-kilometre (17 sq mi) is covered by water.[11]
Climate
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 16.9 °C (62.4 °F), total annual rainfall of 926.8-millimetre (36.49 in), a frost-free period of 270 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1059.9 hours.[12]
Climate data for Daozhen, elevation 686 m (2,251 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
There are more than 26 mountains over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County.[16] Mazhuayan (麻抓岩) is the highest point in the county, which, at 1,939.9 metres (6,365 ft) above sea level.[10] The second highest point in the county is Mopanshi (磨盘石) which stands 1,934.1 metres (6,345 ft) above sea level.[17]
Natural resources
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is rich in natural resources. There are nearly 20 kinds of mineral resources, such as coal, oil shale, aluminium, iron, lead, zinc, silver, gypsum, calcite, etc. Coal reserves reached 116 million tons, making it became one of the "four coal fields in Zunyi".[18]
The Gelao and Miao people believe in animism and worship ancestors. Buddhism and Taoism was introduced into Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County after the conquest of Song dynasty (960–1279).
Tourism
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County touts many attractions, including the Fairy Cave (仙女洞), Dashahe Provincial Nature Reserve (大沙河省级自然保护区) and Luolong National Ecological Park (洛龙国家生态公园).[19]
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