Crittenden County, Kentucky

Not to be confused with Crittenden, Kentucky.

Crittenden County
County
Crittenden County Courthouse in Marion
Location within the U.S. state of Kentucky
Kentucky's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 37.36°N 88.09°W / 37.36; -88.09
Country	United States
State	Kentucky
Founded	1842
Named for	John J. Crittenden
Seat	Marion
Largest city	Marion
Area
• Total	371 sq mi (960 km^2)
• Land	360 sq mi (900 km^2)
• Water	11 sq mi (30 km^2)  3.0%
Population  (2020)
• Total	8,990
• Estimate  (2023)	8,974
• Density	24/sq mi (9.4/km^2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	1st
Website	www.marionky.gov/index.shtml

Crittenden County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. At the 2020 census, the population was 8,990.^[1] Its county seat and only municipality is Marion.^[2] The county was formed in 1842 and named for John J. Crittenden, senator and future Governor of Kentucky.^[3][4]

History

Crittenden County, located on the Ohio and Tradewater Rivers in the Pennyroyal region of Kentucky, was created by the state legislature on April 1, 1842, from a portion of Livingston County. It became the state's 91st county, and was named for John J. Crittenden, a U.S. senator, attorney general, and governor of Kentucky. The first county seat was in Crooked Creek, but it was moved to Marion just two years later.

Crittenden County was once crossed by the Chickasaw Road, which was a part of the Old Saline Trace. This footpath was used by Native Americans when hunting game that crossed the Ohio River to the salt licks in Illinois. The first settler in the area was James Armstrong, who arrived from South Carolina in 1786 and built a log cabin. His family joined him five years later, along with other families who came to settle there. Early in the nineteenth century, Flynn's Ferry was established where the trail crossed the river.

Generally pro-Confederate during the American Civil War, the county saw little fighting, although both armies passed through it repeatedly. However, several skirmishes did place there, and the county courthouse was burned by Confederate Brigadier General Hylan B. Lyon during his raid across western Kentucky in December 1864. Lyon's men, all Kentuckians, burned a total of seven courthouses, since the Union Army was using them for barracks. The Confederates allowed the locals to remove the records before setting fire to the courthouses.^[5]

Crittenden County has valuable deposits of fluorspar, zinc, porcelain, coal, limestone, and sand for making glass. Marion was primarily an industrial town in the 1840s associated with the large fluorspar mining industry. This industry peaked in 1947 and has been in slow decline since. Iron production was also a prominent industry in the mid-19th century, with several furnaces being built in the county, one owned by Andrew Jackson. Other products produced in the county include lumber, glass, modular homes, and blue crystal that was made famous by Ball canning jars. Today the county has a strong agricultural economy. In 1992, 66 percent of the population lived on farms, with 45 percent of the population reporting farming as their primary occupation.^[5][6]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 371 square miles (960 km²), of which 360 square miles (930 km²) is land and 11 square miles (28 km²) (3.0%) is water.^[7] Its northwestern border with Illinois is formed by the Ohio River.

Major highways

• U.S. Route 60
• U.S. Route 641
• Kentucky Route 70
• Kentucky Route 91
• Kentucky Route 120
• Kentucky Route 295

Adjacent counties

• Hardin County, Illinois (northwest)
• Union County (north)
• Webster County (northeast)
• Caldwell County (southeast)
• Lyon County (south)
• Livingston County (west)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	6,351		—
1860	8,796		38.5%
1870	9,381		6.7%
1880	11,688		24.6%
1890	13,119		12.2%
1900	15,191		15.8%
1910	13,296		−12.5%
1920	13,125		−1.3%
1930	11,931		−9.1%
1940	12,115		1.5%
1950	10,818		−10.7%
1960	8,648		−20.1%
1970	8,493		−1.8%
1980	9,207		8.4%
1990	9,196		−0.1%
2000	9,384		2.0%
2010	9,315		−0.7%
2020	8,990		−3.5%
2023 (est.)	8,974	[8]	−0.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[9] 1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11] 1990-2000[12] 2010-2021[13]

As of the census^[14] of 2000, there were 9,384 people, 3,829 households, and 2,707 families residing in the county. The population density was 26 per square mile (10/km²). There were 4,410 housing units at an average density of 12 per square mile (4.6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.24% White, 0.65% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,829 households, out of which 29.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.80% were married couples living together, 8.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.30% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.20% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 26.10% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 16.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,060, and the median income for a family was $36,462. Males had a median income of $30,509 versus $18,961 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,262. About 14.70% of families and 19.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.80% of those under age 18 and 15.70% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

• Marion (county seat)

Census-designated places

• Crayne
• Tolu

Other unincorporated communities

• Centerville
• Dycusburg
• Frances
• Irma
• Levias
• Mattoon
• Mexico
• Midway
• Nunn
• Piney
• Piney Fork
• Repton
• Shady Grove
• Sheridan
• Tribune
• View
• Weston

Ghost towns

• Fords Ferry
• Bells Mines

Politics

Although Crittenden County was by no means pro-Union during the Civil War – only 4.02 percent of its white male population served in the Union Army vis-à-vis over six percent for Kentucky as a whole^[15] – the county became strongly Republican in later years due to its deep ties to Illinois areas which came to support that party as a result of the war. Since 1884, the solitary Democrat to gain a majority in Crittenden County has been Jimmy Carter in 1976, although William Jennings Bryan won by two votes in 1896 and Bill Clinton obtained a plurality of 164 votes in 1992.

United States presidential election results for Crittenden County, Kentucky^[16]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	3,349	83.52%	608	15.16%	53	1.32%
2020	3,451	81.35%	731	17.23%	60	1.41%
2016	3,290	81.50%	617	15.28%	130	3.22%
2012	2,839	73.66%	960	24.91%	55	1.43%
2008	2,604	66.26%	1,254	31.91%	72	1.83%
2004	2,726	65.06%	1,438	34.32%	26	0.62%
2000	2,469	59.44%	1,610	38.76%	75	1.81%
1996	1,509	44.33%	1,480	43.48%	415	12.19%
1992	1,576	41.26%	1,740	45.55%	504	13.19%
1988	2,211	60.31%	1,443	39.36%	12	0.33%
1984	2,167	59.16%	1,483	40.49%	13	0.35%
1980	2,219	58.84%	1,508	39.99%	44	1.17%
1976	1,596	47.61%	1,715	51.16%	41	1.22%
1972	2,248	71.52%	859	27.33%	36	1.15%
1968	1,942	54.97%	838	23.72%	753	21.31%
1964	1,863	53.27%	1,627	46.53%	7	0.20%
1960	2,770	67.74%	1,319	32.26%	0	0.00%
1956	2,548	62.64%	1,494	36.73%	26	0.64%
1952	2,471	63.13%	1,427	36.46%	16	0.41%
1948	1,927	55.09%	1,497	42.80%	74	2.12%
1944	2,690	63.16%	1,544	36.25%	25	0.59%
1940	2,624	58.68%	1,834	41.01%	14	0.31%
1936	2,441	55.79%	1,926	44.02%	8	0.18%
1932	2,185	50.58%	2,119	49.05%	16	0.37%
1928	3,000	68.46%	1,376	31.40%	6	0.14%
1924	2,539	56.75%	1,869	41.77%	66	1.48%
1920	3,149	59.29%	2,138	40.26%	24	0.45%
1916	1,794	54.50%	1,455	44.20%	43	1.31%
1912	1,367	45.52%	1,230	40.96%	406	13.52%

In gubernatorial elections, Crittenden was during the twentieth century likewise frequently the only county west of the Western Coalfield to support the Republican candidate – a scenario observed in 1979,^[17] and with one exception in 1995.^[18]

Education

Students in Crittenden County attend Crittenden County Schools located in Marion.

Notable people

• Lee Cruce, attorney, second Governor of Oklahoma, Crittenden County native, Democratic Party (United States).
• William J. Deboe (June 30, 1849 – June 15, 1927), a Republican, was a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky from 1897 to 1903.
• Ollie M. James (July 27, 1871 – August 28, 1918), a Democrat, represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives from 1903 to 1913 and the United States Senate from 1913 to 1918.
• Walter Walker (1883–1932), a Democrat, was a United States Senator representing Colorado in 1932, and a newspaperman in Grand Junction, Colorado.
• Kenneth W. Winters, a Republican member of the Kentucky State Senate, was born in Crittenden County but resides in Murray, Kentucky.
• Forrest Pogue (1912–1996), eminent military historian, a combat historian in the US Army during World War II, author of the biography of General George C. Marshall, and Director of the George C. Marshall Foundation and library in Lexington, VA.
• Shelby Hearon (1931–2016), author, recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Ingram Merrill Foundation, winner of an American Academy of Arts and Letters Literature Award.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Crittenden County, Kentucky

References

1. "Census - Geography Profile: Crittenden County, Kentucky". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, Volume 1. Kentucky State Historical Society. 1903. pp. 35.
4. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 96.
5. Kleber, John E., ed. 1992, The Kentucky Encyclopedia. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.
6. Hill, William 2014 "Phase I Archaeological Survey for the Planned Perry and Lisa Jones Wetland Reserve Enhancement Project, Crittenden County, Kentucky" Corn Island Archaeology, LLC. Louisville KY.
7. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
8. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
9. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
10. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
11. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
12. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
13. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
15. Copeland, James E.; ‘Where Were the Kentucky Unionists and Secessionists’; The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, volume 71, no. 4 (October 1973), pp. 344-363
16. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
17. Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas; 1979 Gubernatorial General Election Results – Kentucky
18. Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas; 1995 Gubernatorial General Election Results – Kentucky