Coast Miwok language

Coast Miwok
Native to	United States
Region	California
Ethnicity	Coast Miwok
Extinct	1978, with the death of Sarah Ballard[1] 1 (1994)[2]
Language family	Yok-Utian Utian Miwokan Western Coast Miwok
Language codes
ISO 639-3	csi
Glottolog	coas1301
ELP	Coast Miwok

Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay.^[3] The Marin and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Grammar

According to Catherine A. Callaghan's Bodega Miwok Dictionary, nouns have the following cases, expressed with suffixes: present subjective, possessive, allative, locative, ablative, instrumental, and comitative. Sentences are most commonly subject-verb-object, but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".^[4]

Phonology

The following is the Bodega dialect:

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n
Stop	plain	p	t̪ ⟨t⟩		t̠ ⟨ṭ⟩		k	ʔ ⟨'⟩
	voiced	(b)		(d)			(ɡ)
Affricate					tʃ ⟨c⟩
Fricative		(f)		s	ʃ ⟨ṣ⟩			h
Tap				(ɾ) ⟨r⟩
Approximant		w		l		j ⟨y⟩

Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.^[4]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

1. Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
2. Hinton, Leanne (1996). Flutes of fire: essays on California Indian languages (2nd print., rev ed.). Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-62-5.
3. Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
4. Callaghan 1970.

Bibliography

• Callaghan, Catherine A. (1970). Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Coast Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
• Keeling, Richard (1985). Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology. Vol. 2: North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians. Berkeley: Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California.

External links

• Coast Miwok at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
• Coast Miwok, California Language Archive
• OLAC resources in and about the Coast Miwok language
• Coast (Bodega) Miwok basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database