Chunnakam Power Station

This article is about the former power station in Chunnakam operated by the Ceylon Electricity Board. For the new Chunnakam power station, see Uthuru Janani Power Station. For the power station in Chunnakam operated by the Northern Power Company, see Northern Power Station (Sri Lanka). For the former power station in Chunnakam operated by the Aggreko, see Aggreko Power Station.

Chunnakam Power Station
Country	Sri Lanka
Location	Chunnakam
Coordinates	9°44′30″N 80°02′03″E
Status	Decommissioned
Commission date	1958
Decommission date	2013
Owner	CEB
Thermal power station
Primary fuel	Diesel fuel
Power generation
Units decommissioned	4 × 1 MW 5 × 2 MW
Nameplate capacity	14 MW
Annual net output	0.3 GWh (2013) 10 GWh (2008) 5.16 GWh (2012) 6.62 GWh (2011)

Chunnakam Power Station was a thermal power station in Chunnakam in northern Sri Lanka. Commissioned in 1958, the station is owned and operated by the state-owned Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB).^[1] It was decommissioned in 2013, and replaced by the Uthuru Janani Power Station, which is constructed less than 100m south of the Chunnakam Power Station.

History

Early history

In 1947 the Department of Industries in Ceylon agreed to meet the electricity demand of the Jaffna peninsula, which at that time stood at only 370 kW, from the power station at Kankesanthurai cement factory.^[2] From 1950 the peninsula was supplied by an isolated Medium Voltage (MV) power transmission network operated by the Department of Government Electrical Undertakings.^[3][4][5] At the time Jaffna was the only major town on the peninsula with electricity supply.^[2] Demand for electricity in the peninsula grew as other towns were connected to the electricity network and with increasing demand from industries, such as Kankesanthurai cement factory, and from agriculture.^[2][3][6] By the mid 1950s demand on the peninsula stood at 1,500 kW and was expected to increase to 2,000 kW.^[2] Jaffna peninsula was not connected to the national grid and as such could not benefit from Ceylon's growing hydroelectric generation.

To meet the increased demand, a power station was established in Chunnakam in 1958 to supply the local MV network.^[3] The station consisted of four Deutz^[a] diesel generator sets, each capable of generating 1MW.^[3][7][8] The station's generating capacity increased from 4MW to 14MW^[b] in 1965 with the addition of five Mirlees diesel generator sets, each capable of generating 2MW, some of which were transferred from Pettah Power Station.^[7][13]

The Jaffna MV local network was connected to the national grid in 1973 via a 132kV double-circuit transmission line from Anuradhapura to Chunnakam.^[4][14][15] Jaffna peninsula started receiving electricity from Laxapana Power Station.^[14][16]

Civil war

Electricity supply, like much of the infrastructure in northern Sri Lanka, was affected by the Sri Lankan Civil War. Jaffna peninsula's connection to the national grid was broken in 1990^[c] and the peninsula once again became reliant on Chunnakam Power Station for its electricity needs.^[15][16] On 9 August 1990, as the Sri Lankan military tried to regain control of the peninsula from the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) following the withdrawal of the Indian Peace Keeping Force, the Sri Lanka Air Force bombed the power station twice, setting two diesel storage tanks on fire.^[19] Electricity supply on the peninsula, which was already limited to one hour a day, ceased completely.^[19]

The Sri Lankan military re-captured much of the Jaffna peninsula, which had been under LTTE control since 1990, in 1995/96 and took over Chunnakam Power Station.^[20] The old power station was unable to meet the electricity demands on the peninsula, resulting in numerous power cuts in the late 1990s/early 2000s.^[20] By 2006 the station was only capable of generating 8MW (two sets of 1MW and three sets of 2MW).^[7] Consequently, two Independent Power Producers (IPP) were invited to generate electricity in the peninsula on a temporary basis. Aggreko (15MW) operated from Chunnakam whilst Koolair (13MW) operated from Kankesanthurai.^[20] The prices the two IPPs charged for supplying electricity to the CEB network was higher than other electricity generators.^[20] As a result, the government decided in 2006 to cease buying electricity from the two IPPs from 2007 and instead build a Northern Power Station at Chunnakam.^[20] Endemic corruption within CEB allowed Northern Power to use 30 year old generators which resulted them charging high prices for supplying electricity to the CEB network.^[20] Northern Power also failed to deliver the 30MW they had agreed to which meant that Aggreko had to be kept open to meet demand (Koolair had been shut down in 2009).^[20] Aggreko's contract was eventually terminated on 31 December 2012.^[21]

Post civil war

Following the end of the civil war in 2009 the Sri Lankan government started re-building the electricity infrastructure in northern Sri Lanka. A 73 km 132kV double circuit transmission line from Vavuniya to Kilinochchi and a new 63MVA 132/33kV grid substation in Kilinochchi were built, financed largely by a loan from the Japan International Cooperation Agency.^[5][22][23] The Vavuniya-Kilinochchi transmission line was completed in August 2012.^[24] The new Kilinochchi grid substation was opened on 25 September 2012, re-connecting Jaffna peninsula to the national grid.^[25][26] A 67 km 132kV double circuit transmission line from Kilinochchi to Chunnakam and a new 63MVA 132/33kV grid substation in Chunnakam were built, financed largely by a loan from the Asian Development Bank/Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).^[22][27] The Kilinochchi-Chunnakam transmission line was completed in August 2013.^[28] The new Chunnakam grid substation was opened on 13 September 2013.^[29][30]

Plans were also drawn up, under the Northern Generation (Uthuru Janani) program, to replace the ageing plant at Chunnakam Power Station with a new plant consisting of three 8MW generators powered by heavy fuel oil 1500.^[31][32] The contract for the construction of the new plant was awarded to Lakdhanavi, a subsidiary of CEB.^[33] Lakdhanavi imported three 8.6MW generators for the project.^[34] Construction of the Rs.3.5 billion plant began in April 2012 and was completed in January 2013.^[35] The new plant, called the Uthuru Janani Power Station, was officially opened on 12 February 2013.^[36][37]

Electricity generation

Old Chunnakam

Year	Capacity (MW)	Electricity generated (GWh)
		Target	Actual
2008[38]	8		10.00
2011[39]	8	3.05	6.62
2012[40]	8	11.09	5.16
2013[41]	8	5.90	0.30

New Chunnakam

Year	Capacity (MW)	Electricity generated (GWh)
		Target	Actual
2013[41]	24	178.90	125.30
2014[42]	24	170.00	96.00

Notes

1. Another source states that the four initial 1MW sets were from Mirlees.^[6]
2. Other sources show capacity increasing over time from 4MW to 8MW,^[6][9] then 10MW^[10] and finally 14MW.^[11][12]
3. Other sources claim that Jaffna peninsula's connection to the national grid was cut-off by the LTTE in 1987 during Operation Pawan.^[17][18]

References

1. "Knowledge Center: Generation Details". Ceylon Electricity Board. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
2. Fernando, E. C. (1956). "Government Electrical Undertakings". Transactions of the Engineering Association of Ceylon (PDF). pp. 135–136. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
3. "Electric Power in Asia and the Far East 1961 and 1962". United Nations. 1964. p. 22. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
4. Yoganathan, N.; Ananthasingam, A.; Shailajah, R.; Arunprasanth, S.; Atputharajah, A.; Fernando, M. A. R. M. (March 2012). "Reliable Electric Power Supply to Jaffna (Study on the Jaffna Medium Voltage Network)". doi:10.13140/2.1.3721.2165. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. "Sri Lanka: Energy Sector Overview". South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy Integration. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
6. Plan of Development of Ministry of Land, Irrigation and Power, 1966-1970. Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs, Ceylon. 1966. p. 241.
7. "Master Plan Study on the Development of Power Generation and Transmission System in Sri Lanka - Final Report" (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency/Economic Development Department. February 2006. pp. 5–16.
8. Ceylon Year Book 1959 (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon. p. 202.
9. The Ceylon Economic Atlas. 1969. p. 58.
10. Ceylon Year Book 1968 (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon. p. 309.
11. Modern Power Systems. Miller Freeman Publications. 1986. p. 81.
12. Statistical Abstract of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Volume 36. 1999. p. 154. ISBN 9789555772686.
13. Plan Implementation Report. 1966. p. 66.
14. Somasundaram, Daya (4 March 2015). "Ecological Disaster in Vallikamam, North Sri Lanka". Lankawebnews.com/Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
15. Ananthasingam, A.; Shailajah, R.; Yoganathan, N.; Arunprasanth, S.; Atputharajah, A.; Fernando, M. A. R. M. (October 2012). "Study of Northern Province Medium Voltage Network Interconnection with the Sri Lankan Power Grid". doi:10.13140/2.1.1755.1369. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
16. "Electricity shortage in Jaffna". TamilNet. 15 November 2007.
17. Jayasundera, Devin (24 September 2012). "North gets integrated to national power grid after 25 years". Daily FT.
18. Mudugamuwa, Maheesha (9 November 2012). "Norochcholai second phase ready in 2014". The Island (Sri Lanka).
19. "Special Report No. 21 - Bombing in Jaffna". University Teachers for Human Rights. 25 August 1990.
20. "CEB comments on the Agrico Agreement". Daily FT. 24 May 2011.
21. Satyapalan, Franklin R. (19 January 2013). "Uninterrupted power supply to Jaffna soon". The Island (Sri Lanka).
22. "Sri Lanka: Green Power Development and Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program - Development Coordination" (PDF). Asian Development Bank.
23. "Vavuniya - Killinochchi Transmission Line Project". Northern Provincial Council.
24. "Killinochchi Vavuniya transmission line has been completed". Ministry of Power and Rewewable Energy. 28 August 2012.
25. "Jaffna connected to national grid". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 25 September 2012.
26. Nathaniel, Camelia (26 September 2012). "Empowering the North". Ceylon Today.
27. "Kilinochchi - Chunnakam Transmission Line Project". Northern Provincial Council.
28. "New power plant in Sri Lanka's north connects Jaffna to national grid from next month". Colombo Page. 27 August 2013.
29. Nizam, Ifham (14 September 2013). "President to inaugurate linking of Chunnakam sub station to national grid". The Island (Sri Lanka).
30. "President inaugurates Chunnakam Grid station – 14 September 2013". Northern Provincial Council. 16 September 2013.
31. "Norochcholai Coal Power Plant Second phase of construction begins before 2013 end...!". development.lk. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
32. "Long Term Generation Expansion Plan 2013-2032" (PDF). Ceylon Electricity Board. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
33. Nizam, lfham (12 February 2013). "President will link new Chunnakam power station to national grid today". The Island (Sri Lanka).
34. "Jaffna peninsula to get 24MW thermal power plant". Daily FT. 8 September 2012.
35. "Uthuru Janani power plant opens today". Ceylon Today. 12 February 2013.
36. "Video: 'Uthuru Janani' inaugurated". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 12 February 2013.
37. "President opens 'Uthuru Janani' power station". Daily FT. 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
38. "Annual Report: 2008" (PDF). Ceylon Electricity Board. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
39. "Generation Performance in Sri Lanka: 2011" (PDF). Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. p. 10.
40. "Generation Performance in Sri Lanka: 2012" (PDF). Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
41. "Generation Performance in Sri Lanka: 2013" (PDF). Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
42. "Generation Performance in Sri Lanka: 2014" (PDF). Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2015-11-15.