Chess sets generally come with sixteen pieces of each color. Additional pieces, usually an extra queen per color, may be provided for use in promotion or handicap games.
Each player begins with sixteen pieces (but see the subsection below for other usage of the term piece). The pieces that belong to each player are distinguished by color: the lighter colored pieces are referred to as "white" and the player that controls them as "White", whereas the darker colored pieces are referred to as "black" and the player that controls them as "Black".
In a standard game, each of the two players begins with the following sixteen pieces:
The word "piece" has three meanings, depending on the context.[1]
It may mean any of the physical pieces of the set, including the pawns. When used this way, "piece" is synonymous with "chessman" or simply "man".[2][3]Chess sets have been made in a variety of styles, sometimes for decorative or artistic purposes rather than practical play, but the Staunton pattern is standard for competition.
In play, the term is usually used to exclude pawns, referring only to a queen, rook, bishop, knight, or king. In this context, the pieces can be broken down into three groups: major pieces (queen and rooks), minor pieces (bishops and knights), and the king.[4]
In phrases such as "winning a piece", "losing a piece" or "sacrificing a piece" and other related contexts, it refers only to minor pieces (bishops or knights). By convention, the queen, rooks, and pawns are specified by name in these cases – for example, "winning a queen", "losing a rook", or "sacrificing a pawn".[5]
Chess starting position. Squares are referenced using algebraic notation.
The rules of chess prescribe the moves each type of chess piece can make. During play, the players take turns moving their own chess pieces.
The rook may move any number of squares vertically or horizontally without jumping. It also takes part, along with the king, in castling.
The bishop may move any number of squares diagonally without jumping. Consequently, a bishop stays on squares of the same color throughout the game.
The queen may move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally without jumping.
The king may move to any adjoining square. No move may be made such that the king is placed or left in check. The king may participate in castling, which is a move consisting of the king moving two squares toward a same-colored rook on the same rank and the rook moving to the square crossed by the king. Castling may only be performed if the king and rook involved are unmoved, if the king is not in check, if the king would not travel through or into check, and if there are no pieces between the rook and the king.
The knight moves from one corner of any two-by-three rectangle to the opposite corner. (This can be thought of as moving two squares horizontally then one square vertically, or moving one square horizontally then two squares vertically—i.e. in an "L" pattern.) Consequently, the knight alternates its square color each time it moves. It is not obstructed by other pieces.
The pawn may move forward one square, and one or two squares when on its starting square, toward the opponent's side of the board. When there is an enemy piece one square diagonally ahead of a pawn, then the pawn may capture that piece. A pawn can perform a special type of capture of an enemy pawn called en passant ("in passing"), wherein it captures a horizontally adjacent enemy pawn that has just advanced two squares as if that pawn had only advanced one square. If the pawn reaches a square on the back rank of the opponent, it promotes to the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color.[6]
Pieces other than pawns capture in the same way that they move. A capturing piece replaces the opponent piece on its square, except for an en passant capture by a pawn. Captured pieces are immediately removed from the game. A square may hold only one piece at any given time. Except for castling and the knight's move, no piece may jump over another piece.[7]
The value assigned to a piece attempts to represent the potential strength of the piece in the game. As the game develops, the relative values of the pieces will also change. For example, in an open game, bishops are relatively more valuable; they can be positioned to control long, open diagonal spaces. In a closed game with lines of protected pawns blocking bishops, knights usually become relatively more potent. Similar ideas apply to placing rooks on open files and knights on active, central squares. The standard valuation is one point for a pawn, three points for a knight or bishop, five points for a rook, and nine points for a queen.[8] These values are reliable in endgames, particularly with a limited number of pieces. But these values can change depending on the position or the phase of the game (opening, middle game, or ending). A bishop pair for example, is worth an additional half-pawn on average.[9] In specific circumstances, the values may be quite different: sometimes a knight can be more valuable than a queen if a particular angle is required for a mating attack, such as certain smothered mates. The humble pawn becomes more and more valuable the closer it is to securing a queen promotion for another example.
Chess evolved over time from its earliest versions in India and Persia to variants that spread both West and East. Pieces changed names and rules as well; the most notable changes was the Vizir (or Firz) becoming the Queen, and the Elephant becoming the Bishop in European versions of chess. The movement patterns for Queens and Bishops also changed, with the earliest rules restricting elephants to just two squares along a diagonal, but allowing them to "jump" (seen in the fairy chess piece the alfil); and the earliest versions of queens could only move a single square diagonally (the fairy chess piece Ferz). The modern bishop's movement was popularized in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the modern queen was popularized in the 15th and 16th centuries, with versions with the more powerful modern queen eclipsing older variants.
Sample Medieval chess pieces
A pawn of quartz from 10th–11th century (Fatimid Egypt?). Islamic chess sets favored abstract designs.
A knight made around 1250 in London, England. The knight is battling a dragon.
An elephant from the 11th–12th century Islamic Western Mediterranean (possibly Nasrid Granada?). It bears similarities to a Bishop's miter, perhaps explaining the eventual terminology shift.
A 12th century warder (modern rook) made of whale ivory of Scandinavian origin, similar to the famous Lewis chessmen.
A 13th century Queen astride a horse with attendants, of Scandinavian origin. The Queen replaced the Persian Vizier in European chess.
An 8th–10th century King (Shah) carved of jet. In the Islamic style, it is an abstract representation, decorated with dot-and-circle devices.
The characters implied by pieces' names vary between languages. For example, in many languages, the piece known in English as the "knight" frequently translates as "horse", and the English "bishop" frequently translates as "elephant" in language areas that adapted the modern bishop's movement pattern, but not its new name.[10]
A 1616 illustration of the Mann, a chess piece unique to the Courier Chess variant; the Mann moves like a King, but threatening it does not give check, and it can be captured without loss of the game.
Chess variants sometimes include new, non-standard, or even old pieces. For example, Courier Chess, a predecessor of modern chess dating from the 12th century, was played on an 8×12 board and used all six modern chess piece types, plus three additional types of pieces: Courier, Mann (or rath or sage), and Jester. Variants of "old" chess might use the old rules for bishops/elephants with the alfil piece, or old rules for Queens with the ferz. Many modern variants with unorthodox pieces exist, such as Berolina chess which uses custom pawns that advance diagonally and capture vertically.
New Zealand politician The HonourableSir James CarrollKCMGTimi KaraCarroll c. 1914Member of the New Zealand Parliamentfor Eastern MaoriIn office1887–1893Preceded byWi PereSucceeded byWi PereMember of the New Zealand Parliamentfor WaiapuIn office1893–1908Preceded byNew electorateSucceeded byElectorate abolishedMember of the New Zealand Parliamentfor GisborneIn office1908–1919Preceded byNew electorateSucceeded byDouglas LysnarMember of the New Zealand Legislative CouncilIn office2 S...
Paso Pordoi Localización geográficaCordillera DolomitasCoordenadas 46°29′16″N 11°48′49″E / 46.48772, 11.81358Localización administrativaPaís Italia ItaliaDivisión CanazeiArabbaLocalización VénetoTrentino-Alto AdigioCaracterísticas generalesTipo paso de montañaAltitud 2.239Mapa de localización Paso Pordoi [editar datos en Wikidata] El Paso Pordoi (en italiano: Passo Pordoi, en ladino: Jof de Pordou), es un paso de montaña ubicado en las Dolom...
ملا مرشد معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة مرشد محمد السليمان الميلاد 1907الكويت - الشرق الوفاة 9 ديسمبر 1971 (64 سنة) الكويت مكان الدفن الكويت مواطنة الكويت الحياة العملية المهنة مدرس أعمال بارزة مؤسس مدرسة الملا مرشد تعديل مصدري - تعديل الملا مرشد محمد السليمان، ولد في عام 1907...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2019) س. جاي براون معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1991 (العمر 31–32 سنة) تروي مواطنة الولايات المتحدة الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة ميريلاند المهنة...
Marie François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga Información personalNacimiento 7 de octubre de 1766 Falga (Francia) Fallecimiento 24 de enero de 1849 (82 años)Leschelle (Francia) Nacionalidad FrancesaEducaciónEducado en Abbaye-école de Sorèze Información profesionalOcupación Político, militar y diplomático Cargos ocupados Par de Francia Rango militar General de división Conflictos Guerras napoleónicas Distinciones Caballero de la Orden de San LuisGran Cruz de la Orden Nacional de la...
Координати: 37°21′53″ пн. ш. 14°20′05″ сх. д. / 37.36472° пн. ш. 14.33472° сх. д. / 37.36472; 14.33472 Вілла Романа дель КазалеVilla Romana del Casale [1] Світова спадщина Зображення дівчат, що займаються спортом, умовна назва — «дівчата у бікіні» 37°21′53″ пн. ш...
العلاقات السعودية الأسترالية أستراليا السعودية السعودية أستراليا السفارات سفارة السعودية في أستراليا العنوان : كانبرا، أستراليا سفارة أستراليا في السعودية العنوان : الرياض، السعودية تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات السعودية الأسترالية هي...
Cahaya Cinta PesantrenPoster filmSutradara Raymond Handaya ProduserDitulis oleh Anggoro Saronto PemeranYuki KatoFebby RastantySivia AzizahVebby PalwintaRizky FebianFachri MuhammadPerusahaanproduksiFullframe PicturesTanggal rilisOktober 2016Negara IndonesiaBahasa Indonesia Cahaya Cinta Pesantren adalah film Indonesia yang dirilis pada bulan Oktober 2016. Film ini diangkat dari novel Cahaya Cinta Pesantren yang ditulis oleh Ira Madan dan diproduksi oleh Fullframe Pictures. Film ini dibinta...
برشيد برشيد[1](بالفرنسية: Berrechid)[1] اللقب عاصمة ولاد حريز تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب[2] عاصمة لـ إقليم برشيد الجهة جهة الدار البيضاء سطات الإقليم إقليم برشيد البلدية بلدية برشيد المسؤولون رئيس البلدية طارق القاديري المسؤول ثاني عبد الرحيم الكميلي خصائص ج
Head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Prime Minister of Denmark – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) For a more comprehensive list, see List of heads of government of Denmark. Prim...
Kabupaten Oneida merupakan sebuah kabupaten di negara bagian Amerika Serikat, Wisconsin. Tahun 2000, populasinya berjumlah 36,776 jiwa. Kedudukan kabupatennya adalah Rhinelander. Geografi Menurut Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat, kabupaten ini memiliki area seluruhnya 3,201 km² (1,236 mi². 2,912 km² (1,124 mi²) merupakan tanah dan 288 km² (111 mi²) adalah air (9.01%). Banyak orang mengunjungi Kabupaten Oneida untuk menikmati pemandangan danaunya. Sepertinya, turis banyak ...
Brits-Indië op de Olympische Spelen Land Brits-Indië IOC-landcode IND NOC Indian Olympic Association Olympische Zomerspelen 1932 in Los Angeles Aantal deelnemers 15 Aantal disciplines 1 MedaillesRang: 19 goud1 zilver0 brons0 totaal1 Brits-Indië op de Zomerspelen 1896 · 1900 · 1904 · 1908 · 1912 · 1920 · 1924 · 1928 · 1932 · 1936vanaf 1948: zie India op de Olympische Spelen Portaal Olympische Spelen Brits-Indië nam deel aan de Olympische Zomerspelen 1932 in Los ...
Gunung BilontaloHuidu BilontaloTitik tertinggiKetinggian1.717 m (5.633 ft)Koordinat0°53′28″N 122°00′47″E / 0.8912°N 122.0131°E / 0.8912; 122.0131Koordinat: 0°53′28″N 122°00′47″E / 0.8912°N 122.0131°E / 0.8912; 122.0131 GeografiLetakBuntulia, Kabupaten Pohuwato, Provinsi Gorontalo, Pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia Gunung Bilontalo adalah nama sebuah gunung yang terletak di Desa Hulawa, Kecamatan Buntulia, Kabupate...
Sepikul sayuran di Haikou, Hainan, China. Pikulan adalah alat ukur berupa kayu (atau benda lainnya) untuk membawa (menimbang) beban yang akan dipikul.[1][2][3] Pikulan terbuat dari batang besi, bambu atau kayu yang berfungsi untuk menggandar beban seberat 1 (satu) pikul, sedangkan dalam sekali pikul tidak ada ketentuan berat yang pasti, namun dewasa ini 1 pikul disetarakan dengan beban sekitar 60 atau 60.479 kilogram.[4][5] Metode memikul beban ini masi...
Community centre in London, England This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The topic ...
Ikon pasokan RSS, biasanya digunakan sebagai tanda layanan pasokan web bagi siniar Siniar[a] (bahasa Inggris: podcast) atau siaran web tanalir (non-streaming webcast) adalah serangkaian berkas media digital (baik audio maupun video) yang diterbitkan kapan saja dan dapat diunduh melalui sindikasi web. Kata ‘podcast’ mengalahkan istilah ‘webcast’ dalam bahasa sehari-hari, karena meningkatnya kegemaran iPod dan umpan web (web feed). Cara pengiriman siniar berbeda dengan cara-...
For polyatomic ion CO2−3, see Carbonate. For the UK postal district, see CO postcode area. Carbon trioxide The Cs, D3h, and C2v isomers of carbon trioxide Names IUPAC names Carbon trioxideC2v isomer: Dioxiran-3-one D3h isomer: Carbonate radical Systematic IUPAC name C2v isomer: Peroxycarbonic anhydride D3h isomer: Trioxidocarbon(2•) Other names Cs isomer: Oxidooxymethanone Peroxycarbonite radical Identifiers CAS Number 12144-05-7 3D model (JSmol) Cs: Interactive imageD3h: Intera...
Dit artikel gaat over de HSM locomotief Arend uit 1839 en de replica uit 1938. Zie HSM Arend - Beer voor de HSM locomotief Arend uit 1881. Arend, Leeuw Replica uit 1938 van de Arend in 1951 in Enschede Aantal 2 (1) Fabrikant Longridge & Co(replica: Centrale Werkplaats Zwolle) In dienst 1839 Uit dienst 1856-1857 Asindeling 1A1 Spoorwijdte 1945 mm Massa locomotief 12 ton (19,3 ton) Diameter drijfwielen 1810 mm (1800 mm) Diameter loopwielen 1140 mm (1100 mm) Diameter tenderwielen 1060 mm (10...
For the Vietnam War era coffeehouse, see Oleo Strut (coffeehouse). Landing gear with oleo strut and scissor- or torque linksLanding gear with oleo shock absorber and trailing link An oleo strut is a pneumatic air–oil hydraulic shock absorber used on the landing gear of most large aircraft and many smaller ones.[1] This design cushions the impacts of landing and damps out vertical oscillations. It is undesirable for an airplane to bounce on landing as it could lead to a loss of contr...
.jpeg)
_or_Pawn_MET_DP318027_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpeg)
.jpg)
