Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987), better known as Charan Singh was an Indian politician and a freedom fighter. Singh was principally known for his land and agricultural reform initiatives. He briefly served as the prime minister of India from July 1979 to August 1979 and was Member of Parliament (MP) for Baghpat. During prime ministership he was a member of the Janata Party (Secular). He served as 5th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh as a member of Bhartiya Kranti Dal. He also briefly served as deputy prime minister of India from January 1979 to July 1979 as a member of the Janata Party. Singh is widely regarded as the "Champion of Farmers", after his life has been dedicated to advocating for the wellbeing and rights of farmers.[1]
Singh entered politics as a part of Indian independence movement motivated by Mahatma Gandhi. Singh followed Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943. He was a Congress member for most of his life, he later founded his own Lok Dal party.[2][3] He is the first leader outside the Indian National Congress who formed government in the northern India and became 5th chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.[4] He was awarded with the Bharat Ratna in 2024.[1]
Early life and education
Singh was born on 23 December 1902 to Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village of Meerut district, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. His father was a farmer belonging to the Tewatia Shivi gotra of Jats. Singh started his primary education in Jani Khurd village in Meerut. He did his Matriculation and Intermediate from the Government High School in 1921 and then he went to Agra College to pursue Bachelor of Science in 1923, Masters of Arts in History (British, European and Indian) in 1925. He then did Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Meerut College in 1927. Singh have knowledge about European and Indian history as well as civil laws of British India as it affected the lives of village peoples.[5] His clansmen hail from the Haryana's Gurgaon district, where they were revenue collectors during the Mughal period. But they shifted to Bulandshahr district of the present-day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall due to one of their prominent Raja Nahar Singh Ballabhgarh opposition to the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[6][7] Singh entered politics as part of the Indian Independence Movement motivated by Mahatma Gandhi. He was active from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District Arya Samaj as well as the Meerut district Indian National Congress for which he was jailed twice by the British. Before independence, as a member of Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces elected in 1937, he took a deep interest in the laws that were detrimental to the village economy and he slowly built his ideological and practical stand against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.
Between 1952 and 1968, he was one of "three principal leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable in Uttar Pradesh from the 1950s for drafting and ensuring the passage of what were then the most revolutionary land reform laws in any state in India under the tutelage of the then Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant; first as Parliamentary Secretary and then as Revenue Minister responsible for Land Reforms. He became visible on the national stage from 1959 when he publicly opposed the unquestioned leader and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's socialistic and collectivist land policies in the Nagpur Congress Session. Though his position in the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Congress was weakened, this was a point when the middle peasant communities across castes in North India began looking up to him as their spokesperson and later as their unquestioned leader. Singh stood for tight government spending, enforced consequences for corrupt officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with the demands of government employees for increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth noting that within the factional Uttar Pradesh Congress, his ability to articulate his clear policies and values made him stand out from his colleagues. Following this period, Charan Singh defected from the Congress on 1 April 1967, joined the opposition party, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.[8] This was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong force in India from 1967 to 1971.
During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, the fragmented opposition united a few months before the elections under the Janata Party banner, for which Chaudhary Charan Singh had been struggling almost single-handedly since 1974. It was because of the efforts of Raj Narain that he became Prime Minister in the year 1979 though Raj Narain was Chairman of Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him as Prime Minister, the way he helped him to become Chief Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh. However, he resigned after just 23 days in office when Indira Gandhi'sCongress Party withdrew support to the government. Singh said he resigned because he was not ready to be blackmailed into withdrawing Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.[9] Fresh elections were held six months later. Charan Singh continued to lead the Lok Dal in opposition until his death in 1987.
Early years – pre-Independence India
Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows in Chandni Chowk, Delhi. In order to escape the oppression from the British Government following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, including Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastward to district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.[10]
He received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926 from Agra University. He started practice as a civil lawyer at Ghaziabad in 1928.[11]
In February 1937 he was elected from the constituency of Chhaprauli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces at the age of 34.[11] In 1938 he introduced an Agricultural Produce Market Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of The Hindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938. The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against the rapacity of traders. The Bill was adopted by most of the States in India, Punjab being the first state to do so in 1940.[12]
Charan Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943.[13]
Independent India
Charan Singh opposed Jawaharlal Nehru on his Soviet-style economic reforms. Charan Singh was of the opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator. He wanted to preserve and stabilise a system of peasant proprietorship.[8] Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.
Singh is known for piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1952. The latter led to the abolition of zamindari system in the state.He was also strict in dealing with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953. Land reforms resulted in empowering the tillers and providing the landless with ownership of land. It created a conducive atmosphere for the social and economic upliftment of the farmers. During the drought in 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much higher procurement price than the prevailing market rates. The infrastructure he laid down led to the Minimum Support Price mechanism.[14]
First term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1967–1968)
Charan Singh for the first time, became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1967 with the help of Samyukta Vidhayak Dal coalition.[11]Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was formed after failure of negotiations between Charan Singh and Chandra Bhanu Gupta on the composition of Gupta's ministry. Singh wanted some of his allies like Jai Ram Varma and Udit Narain Sharma to be included in the cabinet and removal of some of the men from the cabinet. As a result of failure of negotiations, Charan Singh with his 16 MLAs defected from Congress.[15]
The disputes between Charan Singh and Samyukta Socialist Party became public when SSP decided to launch an agitation of Angrezi Hatao (get rid to English) and during this movement two of its ministers courted arrest.[11][19] SSP withdrew from coalition on 5 January 1968.[19] On 17 February 1968, Charan Singh submitted his resignation to the governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh.[20][21]
Second term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1970)
Charan Singh became Cabinet minister in Morarji Desai government and took the office as Minister of Home Affairs on 24 March 1977.[11][29] As a Home Minister, Charan Singh took the decision to dissolve all the state assemblies which were under Congress rule. He argued that these assemblies no longer represent the will of the electorate of their respective states.[30][31] Charan Singh wrote the letter to nine Chief Ministers to advise their governors to dissolve their state assemblies.[32] Chief Minister of these states went to Supreme Court against this dissolution but the dismissals were validated by Supreme Court.[33][34]
On 3 October 1977, Charan Singh got Indira Gandhi arrested from her 12 Willingdon Crescent residence.[35][36][37] The charges against her were that during 1977 election, she misused her position to get jeeps for election campaigns and another charge was related to contract between the ONGC and the French oil company CFP.[38][39] But the magistrate before whom she appeared, released her stating that there was no evidence to back up the arrest.[38] By botching up the arrest, Singh prepared his resignation letter but Morarji Desai did not accept it.[40]
On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned from the cabinet of Morarji Desai because of growing differences between them over trial of Indira Gandhi.[11][41] In December 1978, Singh wanted to undo Janata Party and wanted coalition government in place of Janata Party government.[42] On 24 January 1979, Singh returned into cabinet and held two portfolios of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance.[43][11]
Prime Ministership
Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh addressing the nation from the rampart of the Red Fort on the occasion of Independence Day, 15 August 1979
When the Janata Party won the Lok Sabha elections in 1977, its MPs authorised the elder guiding lights of the movement, Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Kripalani to choose candidate for the post of Prime Minister. Morarji Desai was chosen and he named Singh Home Minister. Singh was asked to resign in June 1978 following disagreements with Desai, but was brought back to the cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister in January 1979. In 1979, the Janata government began to unravel over the issue of the dual loyalties of some members to Janata and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)—the Hindu nationalist,[44][45] organisation. Singh, who as the Union home minister during the previous year had ordered the Gandhis' arrests, took advantage of this and started courting Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) party. After a significant exodus from the Janata party to Singh's faction, Morarji Desai resigned as prime minister in July 1979. Singh was appointed prime minister, by President Reddy, after Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi promised Singh that Congress (I) would support his government from outside on certain conditions. Singh was sworn in as Prime Minister on 28 July 1979, with outside support from Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) party and with Yeshwantrao Chavan of the Congress (Socialist) party as his Deputy Prime Minister.[46][47]
His name got etched in history as he hoisted the tricolour at the coveted Red Fort on Independence Day, 15 August 1979. In his speech on Independence Day, Charan Singh said:
‘To be able to achieve noble objectives, your means should also be equally noble…A country where people are corrupt, will never be able to progress whosoever may be the leader of the party or whatever be the sound programme he might follow.’[48]
Indira's conditions included dropping all charges against her and Sanjay. Since Singh refused to drop them, Congress withdrew its support just before Singh was to confirm his majority in the Lok Sabha. He resigned as prime minister on 20 August 1979, after just 23 days in office, becoming the only Prime Minister to never face the Parliament. Singh then advised President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy to dissolve the Lok Sabha. Janata Party leader Jagjivan Ram challenged that advice and sought time to cobble support, but the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and Charan Singh continued as caretaker Prime Minister until January 1980.[49]
Singh had six children with wife Gayatri Devi (1905–2002). Gayatri Devi was elected an MLA from Iglas (Aligarh) in 1969, from Gokul in 1974, then elected to Lok Sabha from Kairana in 1980, and lost Lok Sabha election from Mathura in 1984. His son Ajit Singh was the president of a political party Rashtriya Lok Dal and a former Union Minister and a many times Member of Parliament. Ajit Singh's son Jayant Chaudhary was elected to 15th Lok Sabha from Mathura, which he lost to Hema Malini in the election of 2014.
Death
Singh suffered a stroke on 29 November 1985. He could not completely recover from the condition despite being treated at a hospital in the US. At 11:35 p.m. (IST) on 28 May 1987 doctors were called for to his residence in New Delhi, after his respiration was found "unsteady". Efforts to revive him failed and was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) the following morning after a "cardiovascular collapse".[56][57]
Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh paying floral tribute to the former Prime Minister, Late Ch. Charan Singh on his 104th birth anniversary at Kisan Ghat in Delhi on December 23, 2006
Singh, often hailed as the ‘Champion of Farmers,’ left behind a rich legacy that continues to inspire and shape the agricultural landscape of India. His contributions to the welfare of the farmers and the rural community were profound and multifaceted.
Singh’s journey as a stalwart for farmers’ rights began with his instrumental role in piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act of 1950, which aimed to redistribute land from the zamindars to the tillers, and the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953, which sought to prevent the fragmentation of agricultural land.[59]
Singh was the chief architect of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where he played a pivotal role in the formulation and finalisation of the Debt Redemption Bill 1939.[59] This legislation brought significant relief to rural debtors, easing the burden of debts that had long plagued the agricultural community.[60]
As Chief Minister of U.P., Singh was instrumental in enacting the Land Holding Act of 1960. This act aimed at lowering the ceiling on land holdings to make it uniform throughout the state, thereby promoting fairer land distribution and addressing the disparities in land ownership.[3]
Singh’s birthday, 23 December, was declared as Kisan Diwas or National Farmers’ Day in 2001. This day is celebrated across India to honor his memory and his unwavering dedication to the agrarian community.[61] To commemorate his second death anniversary, the Government of India issued a postage stamp on 29 May 1990. The stamp symbolises the nation’s respect for his contributions as the 5th prime minister of India and a champion of farmers’ rights.[62] His commitment to the agricultural sector were further immortalised with the establishment of Kisan Ghat in 1987 as this memorial in New Delhi serves as a serene place where people pay their respects to the man who was often referred to as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’[63]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paying tributes at the portrait of the former Prime Minister, Late Ch. Charan Singh, on his 113th birth anniversary, at Parliament House on December 23, 2015
On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award by President Droupadi Murmu, for his exceptional service and contributions to the agricultural sector, particularly in Uttar Pradesh. Singh’s multifaceted personality encompassed roles as a patriot, administrator, statesman, and a man of integrity and humanist values.[65][66]
In popular culture
Charan Singh 1990 stamp of India
Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by the Films Division of India which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to the Indian agriculture sector.[67][68] Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series Pradhanmantri (lit.'Prime Minister'), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,[69] by Sundaram in the 2019 film NTR: Mahanayakudu which is based on the life of Indian actor-politician N. T. Rama Rao.,[70] and by Govind Namdeo in the 2021 film Main Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CM Mulayam Singh Yadav.[71]
^Byres, Terence J. (1 January 1988). "Charan Singh, 1902–87: An assessment". The Journal of Peasant Studies. 15 (2): 139–189. doi:10.1080/03066158808438356.
^Brass, Paul R. (2011). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1937 to 1961. SAGE Publishing. p. 32. ISBN978-81-321-0686-9. Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 in village Nurpur, Meerut district, United Provinces, the eldest of five children of Meer Singh, a small farmer, of the Tewatiya gotra of the Jat caste, and his wife, Netra Kaur, from a village in Bulandshahr district. The Tewatiya clan originally comprised five villages in Gurgaon district of present-day Haryana, but, ultimately, during the Mughal period expanded as revenue collectors for some 210 villages. One of the clan members rose to some prominence toward the end of Mughal rule, but brought the clan to destruction by supporting Bahadur Shah Zafar against the British in 1857 and was himself hanged. Thereafter, the clan remnants moved across the Yamuna, and established a presence in Bulandshahr district of western UP.
McLeod, John (2015). The History of India (2nd ed.). Greenwood. p. 221. ISBN978-1-61069-765-1. Singh, Chaudhuri Charan (1902–1987). Politician. Born into a former royal family of the Jat caste; practiced law; joined Mahatma Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha 1930, the Individual Satyagraha against World War II 1940, and the Quit India movement 1942; a member of the Indian National Congress 1930–1967, the Bharatiya Kranti Dal 1967–1974, the Lok Dal 1974–1977, the Janata Party 1977–1979, and the Lok Dal again 1979–1987; chief minister of Uttar Pradesh 1967–1968 and 1970; deputy prime minister of India 1977–1979; prime minister of India 1979–1980.
Brass, Paul R. (2013). "Singh, Chaudhary Charan (1902–1987)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/97003. Singh, Chaudhary Charan (1902–1987), prime minister of India, was born on 23 December 1902 in the village of Nurpur, in Meerut district, United Provinces, India, the eldest of five children of Meer (Mukhiaji) Singh (c.1880–1960), a small farmer, of the jat caste, and his wife, Netra Kaur (c.1882–1957).(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ abBrass, Paul R. (1993). "Chaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (39): 2087–2090. JSTOR4400204.
^"Charan singh resigns". The Glasgow Herald. 21 August 1979. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
^Brass, Paul (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. pp. 4–6. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). SAGE India. p. 7. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. pp. 10–12. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. pp. 12–13. ISBN978-9351500322.
^ abBrass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 14. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 16. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 56. ISBN978-9351500322.
^ abBrass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 65. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 69. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 73. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. pp. 210–211. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 216. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Frank, Katherine (2007). Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi. Harper Perennial. p. 654. ISBN978-0007259304.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 - Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 227. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 228. ISBN978-9351500322.
^Brass, Paul R. (2014). An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). Sage India. p. 243. ISBN978-9351500322.
Kereta Api Jatayu adalah kereta yang melayani jalur Surabaya Gubeng-Malang dan dioperasikan oleh PT Kereta Api pada kisaran tahun 1996 hingga 2000. Rangkaian kereta tersebut menggunakan kereta kelas eksekutif dari kereta api Turangga yang beristirahat di Surabaya. Pada saat beroperasi pertama kali, harga tiketnya sebesar 6.000 rupiah, atau dua kali tarif bus Patas. Saat ini kereta Jatayu sudah tidak aktif, dan saat terakhir kali beroperasi tarifnya 10.000 rupiah. Untuk melayani kalangan bisni...
Naval warfare branch of the Qatar Armed Forces Qatari Emiri NavyAl Udeid fitting out at VTS WoolstonCountry QatarBranchNavyRoleProtection of Qatari territorial waters and oil rigsSize2,500 personnel[1]Part ofQatar Armed ForcesBase locations Doha Al Daayen Halul Island Ras Abu Aboud Equipment 123 watercraft CommandersChief of StaffMaj. Gen. Abdullah Hassan Al-Sulaiti[2]InsigniaNaval ensignMilitary unit The Qatari Emiri Navy (Arabic: البحرية الأميري ال...
Kompania graniczna KOP „Ostki” Historia Państwo Polska Sformowanie 1925 Rozformowanie 1939 Organizacja Dyslokacja Ostki[a] Formacja Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza Podległość batalion KOP „Rokitno” Rozmieszczenie batalionu KOP „Rokitno” w 1931 Kompania graniczna KOP „Ostki” – pododdział graniczny Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza pełniący służbę ochronną na granicy polsko-radzieckiej. Formowanie i zmiany organizacyjne Na podstawie rozkazu Ministra Spraw Wojskowych nr 160...
For all University of Nevada, Las Vegas sports, see UNLV Rebels. UNLV RebelsUniversityUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasHead coachKristie Fox (5th season)ConferenceMountain WestLocationParadise, NVHome stadiumEller Media StadiumNicknameRebelsColorsScarlet and gray[1] NCAA WCWS appearances1990, 1991, 1995 The UNLV Rebels softball team represents the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Mountain West Co...
Artikel utama: Dream Theater YtseJam RecordsPendiriMike PortnoyGenreProgressive metalProgressive rockAsal negaraAmerika SerikatSitus webytsejamrecords.com YtseJam Records adalah label rekaman yang dipimpin oleh mantan drummer Dream Theater Mike Portnoy. Label ini digunakan untuk merilis bootleg resmi Dream Theater seperti Awake Demos 94 dan Falling Into Infinity Demos 1996-1997. Kepergian Mike Portnoy Meskipun Mike Portnoy telah meninggalkan band, vokalis Dream Theater James LaBrie telah meny...
Species of frog Amolops ricketti Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Ranidae Genus: Amolops Species: A. ricketti Binomial name Amolops ricketti(Boulenger, 1899) Synonyms Rana ricketti Boulenger, 1899 Rhacophorus tonkinensis Ahl, 1926 Staurois ricketti ssp. minor Liu, 1950 Amolops ricketti (Chinese sucker frog or South China torrent frog) is a specie...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (سبتمبر 2022) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها...
Diócesis de Izcalli Dioecesis Izcallen(sis) (en latín)Información generalIglesia católicaIglesia sui iuris latinaRito romanoSufragánea de arquidiócesis de TlalnepantlaFecha de erección 9 de junio de 2014 (como diócesis)Bula de erección Christi voluntateSedeCatedral de Santa María de la AnunciaciónCiudad sede Cuautitlán IzcalliDivisión administrativa estado de MéxicoPaís México MéxicoCuria diocesana Prolongación Río Acatlain 101, Colinas del Lago, 54700 Cuautitlán IzcalliJe...
Estonian chess player Tarvo SeemanCountrySoviet Union EstoniaBorn (1969-09-17) 17 September 1969 (age 54)Vändra, EstoniaTitleInternational Master (1998)Peak rating2475 (July 1998) Tarvo Seeman (born 17 September 1969) is an Estonian chess player who twice won the Estonian Chess Championship. He received the FIDE title of International Master (IM) in 1998. He was born in Vändra.[1] Chess career The first big success – 2nd place in the Estonian Junior Chess Championship in...
German politician (born 1970) Silvia BenderBorn9 March 1970 (1970-03-09) (age 53)Bonn, West GermanyKnown forState Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture Silvia Bender (born 9 March 1970) is a German Green party politician and a State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture since 2019. Life Bender was born in 1970 in Bonn, West Germany. She was appointed as the State Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Climate Protection...
В статье не хватает ссылок на источники (см. рекомендации по поиску). Информация должна быть проверяема, иначе она может быть удалена. Вы можете отредактировать статью, добавив ссылки на авторитетные источники в виде сносок. (21 февраля 2017) МонастырьИвановский Емецкий мона...
Nuh-bey TarkovskyBornMay 15, 1878Korkmaskala village, Temir-Khan-Shurinsky okrug, Dagestan oblast of the Russian EmpireDied19 January 1951(1951-01-19) (aged 57)Lausanne, SwitzerlandAllegianceRussian EmpireService/branchcavalryYears of service1897—1920Commands heldCaucasian Native Cavalry DivisionAwardsOrder of St. George Order of St. Stanislaus Order of St. Anna Order of St. Vladimir Golden Weapon for Bravery Spouse(s)Gulruh Nuh-bey Tarkovsky (Kumyk: Таргъулу Нугь-Бе...
2020 South Korean television series My Dangerous WifeRelease posterHangul나의 위험한 아내 Genre Drama Thriller Mystery Based onBoku no Yabai Tsumaby Tsutomu KuroiwaDeveloped byMBN Production planWritten byHwang Da-eunDirected byLee Hyeong-minStarring Kim Jung-eun Choi Won-young ComposerChung Ye-kyungCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes16ProductionExecutive producerKim Jae-hoon (MBN)ProducersHwang HyukPark Seung-heeCamera setupSingle-cameraRunning time60 mi...
1941 film The Poor MillionaireDirected byLennart Wallén Sigurd WallénWritten byBengt Idestam-Almquist Alf JörgensenStarringStig Järrel Dagmar Ebbesen Marianne AminoffCinematographyHilding Bladh Ewert LöfstedtEdited byLennart WallénMusic byMiff Görling Sune ÖstlingProductioncompanySveafilmRelease date26 December 1941Running time80 minutesCountrySwedenLanguageSwedish The Poor Millionaire (Swedish: En fattig miljonär) is a 1941 Swedish comedy film directed by Lennart Wallén and Sigurd ...
Election results are missing from this article. Using a reliable source, please add results from elections that are unlisted or incompletely listed. 50°49′34″N 0°22′09″W / 50.82611°N 0.36924°W / 50.82611; -0.36924 Broadwater Shown within West Sussex District: Worthing UK Parliament Constituency: East Worthing & Shoreham Ceremonial county: West Sussex Electorate (2009): 9738 County Councillor Bryan Turner (Con) Broadwater is an electoral division of West...
Nathuram PremiNathuram PremiBorn26 November 1881Deori, Sagar, (Bundelkhand), Madhya PradeshDied30 January 1960 (1960-01-31) (aged 78)Mumbai, MaharashtraOccupation(s)Writer, Publisher, Poet, Editor, Linguist and Scholar; Thinker and Social ReformerSpouseRama Devi Part of a series onJainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacarya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saṃsāra EthicsEthics of Jainism Mahavratas...
Fictional character from the soap opera Neighbours Soap opera character Elle RobinsonNeighbours characterPortrayed byPippa BlackDuration2005–2009, 2019, 2022First appearance19 September 2005 (2005-09-19)Last appearance25 July 2022 (2022-07-25)ClassificationFormer; regularIntroduced byRic Pellizzeri (2005)Jason Herbison (2019)In-universe informationOccupation Manager and owner of the General Store Owner of Lassiter's Hotel Owner of Charlie's ...
العلاقات الساموية السريلانكية ساموا سريلانكا ساموا سريلانكا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الساموية السريلانكية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين ساموا وسريلانكا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه الم...
.jpg)
