This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Aligarh district. For the 2015 Hindi film, see Aligarh (film).
City in Uttar Pradesh, India
Aligarh
City
From top, left to right: Sir Syed Mosque; Aligarh Clock Tower; Bab-e-Syed, Church of Ascension; Aligarh Habitat Centre; Kennedy House Complex
The recorded history of Aligarh begins in the 12th century, under the name Kol. Kol was a major city of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, serving as both a political and economic centre. Beginning with a major rebuilding of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century, the city was renamed several times before eventually settling on the current name, Aligarh, in the mid-1700s. It is notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University, which was founded here as Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the Aligarh Movement.
History
Written references to the city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archaeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by Jains.[6] The area of Aligarh before the Ghurid conquest of the region was under the sway of Dor Rajputs in 12th century.[5]
In 1194, Qutb-ud-din Aibak mounted a successful invasion of the region and Hisam-ud-din Ulbak was installed as the first Muslim governor; court-historian Hasan Nizami noted Kol to be "one of the most celebrated fortresses of Hind".[6] Beginning the 13th century, the place featured — as Kol or Koil — in multiple Persian (as well as non-Persian) Sultanate sources as a center of economic prominence, especially for production of distilled wine.[5][6][a] By the mid-13th century, the town commanded enough importance for (would-be Sultan) Ghiyas ud din Balban to erect a minaret.[6]
Under the Khiljis and Tughlaqs, the prominence continued unabated; it had become an iqta by the times of Alauddin Khalji.[6]
Kol is mentioned in Ibn Battuta's Rihla, when Ibn Battuta, along with 15 ambassadors representing Ukhaantu Khan, emperor of the Mongol Chinese Yuan dynasty, travelled to Kol city en route to the coast at Cambay (in Gujarat) in 1341.[7] According to Battuta, it would appear that the district was then in a very disturbed state since the escort of the Emperor's embassy had to assist in relieving Jalali from an attacking body of Hindus and lost an officer in the fight. Ibn Batuta calls Kol "a fine town surrounded by mango groves". From these same groves the environs of Kol would appear to have acquired the name Sabzabad or "the green country".[citation needed]
In the reign of Akbar, Kol was made a Sirkar and included the dasturs of Marahra, Kol ba Haveli, Thana Farida and Akbarabad.[citation needed] Akbar and Jahangir visited Kol on hunting expeditions. Jahangir clearly mentions the forest of Kol, where he killed wolves.[8]
During the time of Ibrahim Lodhi, Muhammad, son of Umar, was the governor of Kol. He built a fort at Kol and named the city Muhammadgarh, after himself, in 1524–25. Sabit Khan, who was then the governor of this region, rebuilt the old Lodhi fort and named the town Sabitgarh, after himself.
The ruler of Koil was Bargujar King Bahadur Singh who, in 1753, rose against the destruction of Hindu temples. The Jat ruler, Surajmal, with consent of Safdar Jang, occupied the fort of Koil. Bahadur Singh continued the battle from another fort and died fighting in what is known as the "Battle of Ghasera". It was renamed Ramgarh and Rao Durjan Singh Poonia of Bijauli was made the kiledar of the fort.[9] When a Persian Mughal Shia commander, Najaf Khan, captured Ramgarh, he renamed it and gave it its present name of Aligarh.[10]Aligarh Fort (also called Aligarh Qila), as it stands today, was built by French engineers under the control of French officers Benoît de Boigne and Perron.[8]
The Battle of Aligarh was fought on 1 September 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) at Aligarh Fort. The British 76th Regiment, now known as the Duke of Wellington's Regiment besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer Perron, and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from Muradabad and Sikandra Rao from Etawa. On 1 August 1804, Claude Russell was appointed the first Collector of the new district.[11]
The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer).
Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and Aligarh Division. A DIG looks after Aligarh for legal condition and law; a Commissioner looks for four districts of Aligarh Division (Aligarh, Etah, Hathras, Kasganj).
According to the 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate was 70.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147,363 households in Aligarh as of 2011.[3] The city lies in the cultural region of Braj.[13]
Aligarh has a hot semi-arid climate (KöppenBSh) a little too dry to be a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Cwa). Summers start in April and are hot with temperatures peaking in May. The average temperature range is 28–38 °C (82–100 °F). The monsoon season starts in late June, continuing until early October, bringing high humidity. Aligarh gets most of its annual rainfall of 800 millimetres (31 in) during these months. Temperatures then decrease, and winter sets in December, and continues until February. Temperatures range between 2–11 °C (36–52 °F). Winters in Aligarh are generally mild, but 2011–12 experienced the lowest temperature of 1 °C. The fog and cold snaps are extreme.
Climate data for Aligarh (1991–2020, extremes 1932–2011)
The city is an agricultural trade centre.[18] Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important.[19]
Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its lock industry. Aligarh locks are exported across the world. In 1870, Johnson & Co. was the first English lock firm in Aligarh. In 1890, the company initiated production of locks on a small scale here.[20]
Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculptures. The city has many manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminium industries.[21]
Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminium and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh.[22][better source needed]
Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are Aligarh Fort, Jama Masjid,[23] Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of Swami Shri Haridas Ji, Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at the city's centre, its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book The Travels of Ibn Battuta. The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order.
Aligarh Numaish Ground
The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish, is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani. The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across India take place during a period of 28–30 days.[24]
Historical places
Aligarh FortSir Syed Mosque beside Strachey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering courses.[25]
Harduaganj railway station (Satha, near Kasimpur Power House)
Manjoorgarhi railway station (Chherat)
By road
Aligarh is 140 km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of UPSRTC. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state and cities in Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana.
Aligarh Depot(Old Bus Station/Gandhi Park Bus Station) bus station
Masoodabad(esta. 2000) (Budh Vihar Bus Station/New Bus Station/Workshop Bus Station/Raghuveerpuri Bus Station/Mathura Bus Station) Depot bus station(non-functional from 2018 to 2021)(now functioning since 2021 post renovation into a well facilitated Bus Station)
Aligarh Satellite Bus Stand(New Bus Station/Sootmill Bus Station/Sarsaul Bus Station)(functioning since 2018 due to sudden non-functioning of Masoodabaad Bus Station during 2018-2021 period)
There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via
1) Khair, Tappal, Palval, Faridabad, Delhi - The route is under construction between Khair and Palval and should be strictly avoided by cars. No toll charges.
2) Khair, Tappal, Yamuna expressway, Noida, Greater Noida, Delhi, Gurgaon - Best and recommended route for Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon. Toll Charges are ₹120 between Aligarh and Delhi.
3) Old GT Road, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Delhi - NH 91 - It is a 6-lane highway. Toll charges are ₹285.
National Highway 93 - It connects Moradabad to Taj Nagri Agra via Aligarh. Aligarh-Agra section is constructed as Brijbhoomi Expressway.
Yamuna Expressway - It is a 6-Lane Expressway connecting Greater Noida with Agra.
Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh.
Route-1 J N Medical College-Uperkot
Route-2 Gandhi Park-Sarsaul/Sootmill
Route-3 Ghantabagh-Quarsi
Route-4 Gandhi Park-Boner
Route-5 Etah Chungi-Collectrate
Apart from this an Air-conditioned Electronic Bus Service has been running within the city since January 2022.[28]
By air
ALIGARH AIRPORT
Aligarh Airport, Situated on NH 91, Dhanipur, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. It is Also known as Dhanipur Air Strip/Dhanipur Hawai Patti. This airport is also used as flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport.
At this time direct flight started by the regional airline Flybig from Lucknow to Aligarh and vice versa under the RCS-UDAN scheme.[29]
Ziauddin Ahmad, mathematician, M.L.A. (Central), Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University Movement. He established several institution including J.N. Medical College
Shafey Kidwai, academic, bilingual critic, translator, columnist, author, professor in the Department of Mass Communications at Aligarh Muslim University
Writers, poets and publishers
A.R. Akela, Dalit author and publisher, owner of "Anand Sahitya Sadan
Aligarh in My Days (Interviews of former Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University), Ed. Syed Ziaur Rahman, Non-Resident Students' Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1997.
Atkinson, Edward (2010) [1875]. Descriptive And Historical Account of the Aligarh District. Nabu Press. ISBN978-1-147-42719-6.
نيكاراغوا فيالألعاب الأولمبيةالرمزNCAاللجنةComité Olímpico Nicaragüenseالميداليات ذهبية 0 فضية 0 برونزية 0 المجموع 0 ظهور صيفي19681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020شاركت نيكاراغوا لأول مرة في الألعاب الأولمبية في دورة 1968 الصيفية ، وأرسلت رياضيين للمنافسة في كل دورة ألعاب أولمبية صيفية منذ ذ...
Nederlands Gesproken in Nederland, België en Suriname, ook op Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao en Sint Maarten, Zuid-Afrika, Namibië, daarnaast vooral in de Verenigde Staten, Canada, Frankrijk, Duitsland, Australië, Indonesië.Zie Nederlands taalgebied Sprekers 25 miljoen (moedertaal)[1] Rang 37-48 (afhankelijk van telwijze) 3 (binnen de Germaanse taalfamilie) Taalfamilie Indo-Europees Germaans West-Germaans Nederfrankisch Nederlands Varianten Standaardnederlands,belangrijkste nationa...
To the Manor Born Genre Komedie Speelduur 30 minuten Bedenker Pete Spence Hoofdrollen Penelope Keith Peter Bowles Regie Gareth Gwenlan Scenario Pete Spence Christopher Bond Land van oorsprong Verenigd Koninkrijk Taal Engels Productie Producent Gareth Gwenlan Uitzendingen Start 30 september 1979 Einde 29 november 1981 Afleveringen 20 (3 seizoenen) Seizoenen 3 Netwerk of omroep ITV Officiële website (en) IMDb-profiel Portaal Televisie To the Manor Born is een Engelse komedie...
Außenansicht der Cella Sankt Benedikt Innenraum Die Cella Sankt Benedikt ist im hannoverschen Stadtteil List eine Niederlassung der römisch-katholischen Benediktiner-Abtei Königsmünster in Meschede. Sie befindet sich in einem Mehrfamilienhaus aus der Gründerzeit. 2022 gehörten dem Kloster drei Mönche an.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Klosterkirche 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Geschichte Die Cella Sankt Benedikt entstand nach einer Anfrage des Bischofs von Hil...
For other uses, see Hiệp Hòa (disambiguation). District in Bắc Giang, VietnamHiệp Hòa district Huyện Hiệp HòaDistrictThe statue in the center of Hiệp Hòa district, Bắc Giang provinceCountry VietnamProvinceBắc GiangCapitalThắngGovernment • Party Secretary:Nguyễn Thị Hoa[1] • People's Council Chairman:Phạm Văn Thịnh • People's Committee Chairman:Vũ Chí KỳArea • Total78 sq mi (201 km2)P...
Dieser Artikel oder Absatz stellt die Situation in Deutschland dar. Bitte hilf uns dabei, die Situation in anderen Staaten zu schildern. Mercedes-Benz Vito, erste Generation Als Kleintransporter bezeichnet man im 21. Jahrhundert im Rahmen des europäischen Marktes kleine Lastkraftwagen, die aufgrund ihres zulässigen Gesamtgewichts bis 3,5 Tonnen mit der Führerschein-Klasse B gefahren werden dürfen. Die Nutzlast eines Kleintransporters liegt zwischen etwa 0,5 und 1,5 Tonnen. Ab 3,...
General and statesman in Flanders (1522–1568) Count of Egmont redirects here. For other Counts of Egmont, see List of Lords and Counts of Egmont. Lamoral, Count of EgmontPortrait of Lamoral, Count of Egmont by Frans Pourbus the Elder.Born(1522-11-18)18 November 1522Died5 June 1568(1568-06-05) (aged 45) Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavere (18 November 1522 – 5 June 1568) was a general and statesman in the Spanish Netherlands just before the start of the Eighty Years' War, whose...
Quai Branly merupakan sebuah jalan yang terletak di sepanjang Seine (tepi kiri) di arondisemen ke-7 dan arondisemen ke-15 Paris. Letak Berawal di timur quai d'Orsay, melewati pont de l'Alma dan place de la Résistance dan berakhir di quai de Grenelle hingga pont de Bir-Hakeim. jelaskan tentang persebaran nenek moyang bangsa indonesia a. Ras proto melayu b. Deutere melayu c.melanesoid d.negrito (Negroid) e. Weddid Tempat menarik Palais de l'Alma, kediaman Republik dan kantor pusat Dewan Tertin...
هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجعها محرر مغاير للذي أنشأها؛ إذا لزم الأمر فيجب أن توسم المقالة بقوالب الصيانة المناسبة. يمكن أيضاً تقديم طلب لمراجعة ا
2014 studio album by Foxy ShazamGonzoStudio album by Foxy ShazamReleasedApril 2, 2014GenreProgressive rock, alternative rockLength30:48LabelSelf-releasedProducerSteve AlbiniFoxy Shazam chronology The Church of Rock and Roll(2012) Gonzo(2014) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingPure Rawk[1]SputnikMusic[2]Under the Gun Review7/10[3] Gonzo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Foxy Shazam. The album was announced and self-released for free onlin...
Legendary knights of Charlemagne's court For other uses, see Paladin (disambiguation). The death of Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux (manuscript illustration c. 1455–1460) The Paladins, also called the Twelve Peers, are twelve legendary knights, the foremost members of Charlemagne's court in the 8th century. They first appear in the medieval (12th century) chanson de geste cycle of the Matter of France, where they play a similar role to the Knights of the Round Table in Arthurian romance.&...
La historia de la economía es el registro de las actividades económicas a lo largo de la historia y prehistoria humanas en todo el mundo. Prehistoria Paleolítico En el Paleolítico, entre el 500 000 y 10 000 a. C., los grupos formados por parientes eran la unidad socioeconómica principal. La comunicación entre grupos tenía el propósito de intercambiar ideas, historias, herramientas, alimentos, pieles de animales, etc. además del intercambio de parejas. Los recursos económicos es...
German ice hockey player (born 1991) Ice hockey player Philipp Grubauer Grubauer with the Hershey Bears in 2015Born (1991-11-25) 25 November 1991 (age 32)Rosenheim, GermanyHeight 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)Weight 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb)Position GoaltenderCatches LeftNHL teamFormer teams Seattle KrakenWashington CapitalsColorado AvalancheNational team GermanyNHL Draft 112th overall, 2010Washington CapitalsPlaying career 2011–present Philipp Grubaue...
Fritz dan Paul Sarasin dalam ekspedisi di Sulawesi. Paul Benedict Sarasin (11 Desember 1856 – 7 April 1929) adalah seorang penjelajah alam (naturalis) asal Swiss. Ia adalah salah seorang pendiri Taman Nasional Swiss.[1] Ia dan Fritz Sarasin adalah orang yang pertama kali memberikan teori mengenai penghunian Kepulauan Nusantara. Biografi Paul Sarasin mengambil studi kedokteran di Universitas Basel. Setelah tugas mengajar pertama ia bergabung dengan institut zoologi di W...
Neighborhoods of Minneapolis in Hennepin, Minnesota, United StatesStevens Square-Loring HeightsNeighborhoods of MinneapolisStevens Court, the oldest contributing building in the Stevens Square Historic District, built in 1913.Location of Stevens Square/Loring Heights within the U.S. city of MinneapolisCoordinates: 44°57′53″N 93°16′29″W / 44.96472°N 93.27472°W / 44.96472; -93.27472CountryUnited StatesStateMinnesotaCountyHennepinCityMinneapolisCommunityCentra...
Politics of Zambia Constitution Human rights Government President Hakainde Hichilema Vice-President Mutale Nalumango Cabinet Legislature National Assembly Speaker: Nelly Mutti Constituencies Elections General 1964 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Presidential 2008 2015 Referendums 1969 2016 Political parties By-elections Administrative divisions Provinces Districts Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Joseph Malanji Diplomatic missions of / in Zam...
First edition The Iron Tonic: Or, A Winter Afternoon in Lonely Valley is a Surrealist country-house mystery—that is, a series of clues that do not add up to a solution—written and illustrated by Edward Gorey. It was published in 1969 by Albondoncani Press in a limited edition of 226 copies.[1] It was republished for the trade market by Harcourt, Inc. in the form of a small, hardbound book that is illustrated on both front and back covers. Dedicated to the memory of the author's ma...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Pogo comic strip – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) American comic strip PogoPogo daily strip from Earth Day 1971Author(s)Walt KellyCurrent status/scheduleConcludedLaunch dateOcto...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fakhreddine Palace – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 33°41′52.39″N 35°33′55.79″E / 33.6978861°N 35.5654972°E / 33.6978861; 35.5654972 Fakhreddine...
Comic book storyline Gotham WarPublisherDC ComicsPublication dateAugust – October 2023Genre Superhero Main character(s)BatmanCatwomanDamian WayneJason ToddDick GraysonVandal SavageTim DrakeCreative teamWriter(s)Chip Zdarsky, Tini HowardArtist(s)Jorge Jiminez, Nico DeLeon, Mike HawthorneLetterer(s)Lucas Gattoni, Clayton Cowles, Steve Wands,Colorist(s)Mike Spicer, Romulo Fajardo Jr., Veronica GandiniEditor(s)Ben Abernathy Gotham War is an eight-issue comic book crossover storyline publis...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
