The project was initiated by the Federation of Expellees, who dedicated a "Foundation Centre Against Expulsions" to the centre.[5] This foundation is based in Wiesbaden, and headed by CDU politician and president of the Federation of Expellees, Erika Steinbach. The other head of the foundation was SPD politician Peter Glotz who died in 2005. The head of the foundation ZgV since 2018 is Christean Wagner, a politician of the Christian Democratic Union in Germany.
Since late 2008, the project is forwarded by the Federal Republic of Germany, when the federal government and parliament passed a law calling for the constitution of a Foundation German Historical Museum subordinate to the federal government, which in turn shall hold a Foundation Flight, Expulsion, Reconciliation which shall take on the actual documentation in Berlin.[3][6] The project has been subject to criticism, especially in Poland.[7][8]
"Foundation Centre Against Expulsions" of the Federation of Expellees
The Federation of Expellees (German: Bund der Vertriebenen, BdV) is the German non-governmental head organization of various organized groups of German refugees and expellees. The federation is committed to document the post- World War II flight and expulsion of Germans[1] as well as other forced displacements, and maintains an exhibition for this purpose shown in changing locations of Germany.[9] To expand this exhibition and to find a permanent place for it, the Federation of Expellees set up the "Foundation Centre Against Expulsions" (German: Stiftung Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen, ZgV)) on 6 September 2000.[5]
Objectives
The foundation Centre Against Expulsions defines four objectives:[1]
To document and to evaluate the impact of the integration of millions of uprooted Germans into the post-World War II German society.[1]
To document the "expulsion and genocide of other peoples, especially in Europe",[1] arguing that "displacement, expulsion and genocide can never be justified, [...] are always a crime, contradicting human rights and carried out by following the archaic thinking of the bloody vendetta."[1]
To donate a Franz Werfel Human Rights Award[10] to people who "sharpen the sense of responsibility through their actions is one of the foundation's tasks".[1]
"Foundation Flight, Expulsion, Reconciliation"
On 11 November 2005, the largest German political parties SPD and CDU signed a coalition. One stated goal of the coalition is the establishment of a centre termed "Visible Sign" (German: Sichtbares Zeichen).[11]
On 3 September 2008 the German federal government passed a law calling for the establishment of a center against expulsions in the Deutschlandhaus building of the Anhalter Bahnhof site in Berlin-Kreuzberg.[12] The law passed the German parliament and was enacted on 29 December 2008.[6] The center is to be run by a "Foundation Flight, Expulsion, Reconciliation" (German: Stiftung Flucht, Vertreibung, Versöhnung) subordinate to the governmental "Foundation German Historical Museum" (German: Stiftung Deutsches Historisches Museum).[6]
"Foundation German Historical Museum" of the German federal government
The purpose of this foundation is stated in §16 of the above-mentioned law[13] as follows:
(1) The purpose of the non-autonomous foundation is to ensure in the spirit of reconciliation the remembrance of flight and expulsion in the 20th century in the historical context of the Second World War and the Nazi expansion and extermination policy and their aftermaths.[13]
(2) This purpose shall be fulfilled especially by the following measures:
(2.1) Establishment, maintenance and expansion of a permanent exhibition documenting flight and expulsion in the 20th century, the historical background and contexts as well as the European dimension and effects.[13]
(2.2) Development of singular exhibitions for special aspects of the overall context.[13]
(2.3) Distribution of research results and scientific findings.[13]
(2.4) Gathering, documentation and scientific evaluation of respective sources and materials, also and especially eyewitness accounts.[13]
(2.5) Cooperation with German and international museums and research centers.[13]
In a petition initiated by Hans Henning Hahn, Eva Hahn, Alexandra Kurth, Samuel Salzborn and Tobias Weger in 2003, signed by several hundred people, primarily German, Czech, and Polish historians, opponents of the proposed form of Centre expressed concerns the centre would "establish and popularize a one-sided image of the past, without historical context", and see the dangers of "de-contexualizing the past" and "ethnification of social conflicts".[15] German-Jewish writer Ralph Giordano withdrew his initial support for the same reason,[16][17] but defended Steinbach against the latest personal accusations from Poland, which he called defamation.[18] Former German Foreign minister Joschka Fischer said "This can't be a museum of German war victims. Germans can't point fingers at others".[19]
Criticism in Poland
Critics in Poland oppose the idea of the centre claiming that it would equate German suffering with that of the Jews and Poles and will suggest a moral equivalence between the victims of war and their oppressors.[20]Marek Edelman, the last living leader of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, criticized the project as nationalistic, arrogant and serving to realize political ambitions of the backers of the project. According to Edelman other nations subject to German expulsions didn't establish any comparable monuments, even as they faced a harsher fate than Germans.[21]
The Polish government opposes the involvement of Erika Steinbach in any issues related to Polish-German history and at the same time supports an international net of centers dedicated to remembrance of totalitarian regimes and their victims called "European Network Remembrance and Solidarity".
^Michael Levitin, Telegraph.uk, 26 Feb 2009, [1] "plans to build a museum dedicated to German refugees who fled or were expelled from Poland after the Second World War."
^ abcfull text of German law to establish a foundation "German Historical Museum": Gesetz zur Errichtung einer Stiftung „Deutsches Historisches Museum“ (DHMG) vom 21. Dezember 2008 in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 29.Dezember 2008 (BGBl. I Nr. 64, S. 2891) (pdf file)[permanent dead link](html file)[dead link]
^German Federal Government, Appointee for Culture and Media, center conception, press release 19 March 2008 [4]Archived 2009-02-28 at the Wayback Machine
^German Federal Government, press release, 3 September 2008 [5]Archived 2009-03-10 at the Wayback Machine (including link to the law (pdf file)
^ abcdefgfull text of §16, law for establishment of a foundation "German Historical Museum": Gesetz zur Errichtung einer Stiftung „Deutsches Historisches Museum“ § 16
Stiftungszweck
(1) Zweck der unselbständigen Stiftung ist es, im Geiste der Versöhnung die Erinnerung und das Gedenken an Flucht und Vertreibung im 20. Jahrhundert im historischen Kontext des Zweiten Weltkrieges und der nationalsozialistischen Expansions- und Vernichtungspolitik und ihrer Folgen wachzuhalten.
(2) Der Erfüllung dieses Zweckes dienen insbesondere:
1. Errichtung, Unterhaltung und Weiterentwicklung einer Dauerausstellung zu Flucht und Vertreibung im 20. Jahrhundert, den historischen Hintergründen und Zusammenhängen sowie europäischen Dimensionen und Folgen;
2. Erarbeitung von Einzelausstellungen zu speziellen Aspekten der Gesamtthematik;
3. Vermittlung von Forschungsergebnissen und wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen;
4. Sammlung, Dokumentation und wissenschaftliche Auswertung einschlägiger Unterlagen und Materialien, insbesondere auch von Zeitzeugenberichten;
5. Zusammenarbeit mit deutschen und internationalen Museen und Forschungseinrichtungen
