Carmonette

CARMONETTE (Combined ARms Computer MOdel) is a 1953 mainframe computer Monte Carlo simulation developed by the US Operations Research Office (ORO).^{[citation needed]} While the first computerized simulation of conventional combat was "Air Defense Simulation", developed by the Army Operations Research Office at Johns Hopkins University in 1948,^[1] the Carmonette series was a later variant of the genre, featuring ground combat at the levels of the individual soldier and company.^[2] The principal architect of Carmonette was Richard E. Zimmerman.^[3]

It was followed by CARMONETTE II which included infantry (1960–1965); CARMONETTE III which added armed helicopter support (1966–1970); also CARMONETTE IV added communications and night vision.^[4]

Piero Scaruffi described it as the first digital computer game.^[5]

References

1. Richard E. Zimmerman. CARMONETTE: A concept of tactical war games (Staff paper / Johns Hopkins University, Operations Research Office).
2. Ben Connable, Walter L. Perry, Abby Doll, Natasha Lander and Dan Madden (2014). "Introduction". Modeling, Simulation, and Operations Analysis in Afghanistan and Iraq. Rand Corporation. pp. 1–12. ISBN 9780833082114. JSTOR 10.7249/j.ctt5vjwt0.8.(registration required)
3. Shrader, Charles. "OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY OF THE ARMY FOR OPERATIONS RESEARCH UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2006 History of Operations Research in the United States Army" (PDF). history.army.mil. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
4. Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi. "U.S. Wargaming Grows Up: A Short History of the Diffusion of Wargaming in the Armed Forces and Industry in the Postwar Period up to 1964". www.strategypage.com.
5. "A Brief History of Electrical Technology". www.scaruffi.com. Retrieved 2019-09-05.