Cardamine douglassii

Cardamine douglassii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Cardamine
Species:	C. douglassii
Binomial name
Cardamine douglassii Britton
Synonyms[1]
Arabis douglassii Torr. Thlaspi tuberosum Nutt.

Cardamine douglassii, the limestone bittercress or purple cress, is a perennial forb native to the eastern and central United States as well as the province of Ontario in Canada,^[2] that produces white to pink or purple flowers in early spring.

Description

Botanical illustration of Cardamine douglassii (1913)

Cardamine douglassii has an erect unbranched stem which is 10 to 25 centimeters tall, and sparsely to densely hairy. The basal leaves are simple, heart shaped or round, 5 to 15 centimeters, borne on 4 to 12 centimeter long petioles. There are 3 to 8 oblong to lanceolate leaves on the stem, which are 2 to 5 centimeters long and 5 to 25 millimeters wide. The margins may be smooth or coarsely toothed. Although colors range from purple to a purplish white, it is important to note that entirely white petals are rare among this species. The flowers are borne in a raceme and are typically born in early spring from mid-March to late April. The petals are 7 to 15 millimeters long and 3 to 5 millimeters wide. The fruit is linear, 1.5 to 4 centimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide.^[3]

Distribution and habitat

Cardamine douglassii is widely distributed in Ontario and the eastern and central United States, although local distribution may be spotty. It ranges from Massachusetts west to Ontario, Minnesota, and Missouri south as far as Arkansas, Alabama, and the Carolinas. Cardamine douglassii is listed as an endangered species by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and as a species of special concern by the State of Connecticut.^[2] In Virginia, it grows in habitats such as swamps and forests, generally with base rich soils.^[4] The presence of this species is dependent on appropriate habitat, and it may be eliminated from an area by development, changes in land use, or competition with invasive species.

References

1. "Cardamine douglasii Britton - The Plant List". Retrieved January 25, 2014. The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/
2. "Plants Profile for Sericocarpus linifolius (narrowleaf whitetop aster)". Retrieved January 25, 2014. USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov)^{[permanent dead link‍]}. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
3. "Cardamine douglassii in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". Retrieved January 30, 2014. 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet (http://www.efloras.org). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
4. "Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora | Cardamine douglassii Britton". Retrieved January 25, 2014. Virginia Botanical Associates. (2014). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (http://www.vaplantatlas.org)^{[permanent dead link‍]}. c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg.

External links

• Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1935