The cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a result of an artificial application of 1993 Vance–Owen Peace Plan for the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, applied only to one part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] The plan originally foresaw the cantonization of the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2]
The cantons were to be named after rivers and cities in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on the tradition from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's naming of banates in 1929.[1]
As the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created on the principle of decentralisation, the cantons have strong autonomy which is guaranteed by a long list of exclusive jurisdictions in the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including police, education, cultural policy, housing policy, public services, local economic policy, energy policy, media policy, welfare, tourism and the right of the cantons to introduce taxation and borrow money. Other jurisdictions are shared with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including enforcement of human rights, health and environmental policy, infrastructure, social welfare, tourism and natural resources. Although in some areas the constitution foresaw a mixed jurisdiction between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the cantons, such as tourism and energy policy, the cantons are the dominant actors. The principle of decentralisation is especially emphasised in the two mixed cantons, where the decisions regarding core issues, such as education, are left in the jurisdiction of the municipalities.[4]
Governance
The cantons consist of municipalities. A canton has its own government headed by a premier. The premier has his own cabinet, and is assisted in his duties by various cantonal ministries, agencies, and cantonal services. Five of the cantons (Una-Sana, Tuzla, Zenica-Doboj, Bosnian-Podrinje, and Sarajevo) have a Bosniak majority, three (Posavina, West Herzegovina and Canton 10) have a Bosnian Croat majority, while two of them (Central Bosnia and Herzegovina-Neretva) are "ethnically mixed", meaning neither ethnic group has a majority and there are special legislative procedures for the protection of their political interests.
Gavrić, Saša; Banović, Damir, eds. (2012). Parlamentarizam u Bosni i Hercegovini. Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar/Fondacija Friedrich Ebert. ISBN9789958536014.
Keil, Soeren (2016). Multinational Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. London: Routledge. ISBN9781317093435.
Journals
Jurilj, Lana (2017). "Država kao subjekt međunarodnog prava s posebnim osvrtom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu". Mostariensia. 21 (1): 83–95. doi:10.47960/2831-0322.
