Bihać

Bihać Бихаћ
City
Grad Bihać Град Бихаћ City of Bihać
From top, left to right: Bihać panorama, Fethija Mosque (former Catholic Church of St. Anthony of Padua), Stećak Tombstones, Kapetanova kula (Captain's Tower; currently a museum), Bihać Türbe and the Una river.
Coat of arms
Location of Bihać within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bihać Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 44°48′53″N 15°52′9″E
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton	Una-Sana
Geographical region	Bosanska Krajina
Government
• Mayor	Elvedin Sedić (POMAK)
Area
• City	900 km^2 (300 sq mi)
• Urban	163 km^2 (63 sq mi)
Elevation	230 m (750 ft)
Population  (2013 census)
• City	43,007
• Density	48/km^2 (120/sq mi)
• Urban	56,261
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
ZIP code	77000
Area code	+387 37
Website	www.bihac.org

Bihać is a city and the administrative centre of Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of river Una in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Bosanska Krajina region. In 2013 its population was 56,261.

Settlements

• Bajrići
• Brekovica
• Bugar
• Ćukovi
• Doljani
• Donja Gata
• Dubovsko
• Gorjevac
• Grabež
• Grmuša
• Hrgar
• Izačić
• Jezero
• Kalati
• Kulen Vakuf
• Lohovo
• Lohovska Brda
• Mala Peća
• Mali Skočaj
• Međudražje
• Muslići
• Ostrovica
• Papari
• Praščijak
• Pritoka
• Račić
• Rajinovci
• Ripač
• Spahići
• Srbljani
• Velika Gata
• Veliki Skočaj
• Veliki Stjenjani
• Vikići
• Vrsta
• Zavalje i Zlopoljac

History

According to documents and historical sources, the first medieval urban settlements and towns around the Una river, began to appear in the middle of the 13th century. Bihać, as the centre of Pounje, was first mentioned on 26 February 1260, in the charter of Hungarian King Bela IV, and was described as a town built on the river's Island of St. Ladislav, owned by the Benedictine abbey of Topusko. Just two years later, in 1262, Bela proclaimed Bihać a royal free city and placed it under the direct authority of the Hungarian throne, with all rights and privileges pertaining thereto, which ensured its ability to develop completely independent from the political powers of local lords. The following mention in the charter of 1271 confirms that Bihać at that time enjoyed the status of a free city. At the head of the municipality was the town elder or major villae, who was often called a judge, and whose decision could only be changed by the king. Bihać also had a curia or magistrates, an assembly of local citizens who took the oath of office for this duty, and notaries who kept court and other civil records.^[1][2][3][4]

In 1530 Austria sent troops to defend seven key strongholds in Croatia, one of them was Bihać and another the nearby Ripač.^[5]: 113 The Ottomans occupied Bihać in 1592 after a 10-day siege and from that time Bihać was the most important forts in Bosnia until the 19th century.^[6] Ottoman rule was briefly interrupted by Auguste Marmont, general-governor of Illyrian Provinces on 5 May 1810.^[7] He sought to prevent Ottomans from raiding French Croatia and finishing the Ottoman occupation of Cetin. After fulfilling these goals, he withdrew from Bihac. Ottoman rule in Bihac ended de facto after the Congress of Berlin.

During World War II, the town was occupied by Axis troops and was included into the Pavelić's Independent State of Croatia (NDH). The fascist Ustashe regime committed the Genocide of the Serbs and the Holocaust. From July to September 1941, some 15,000 Serbs were massacred along with some Jews and Roma victims at the Garavice, an extermination location near Bihać. The town was the capital of a short-lived territory, the Bihać Republic, for two months in late 1942 and early 1943, until it was recaptured by German forces.^[8] From 1943 Judita Alargić served near to Bihać as an instructor of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.^[9][10][11] Bihać returned to Bosnian territory on 28 March 1945.^[8]

Bihać was besieged for three years from 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian War.^[12]

• 
  The Seal and Armorial Bearings of Bihać town from the 14th century.
• 
  Siege of Bihać in 1592
• 
  Bihac fortress (Wihitsch), 1686
• 
  Coffee pavilion in Bihac, c. 1900
• 
  Bihac Orthodox Church and Medresa, c. 1910
• 
  Rural houses in Bihac, c. 1930
• 
  Partisans in Bihać, 1942
• 
  First session of the AVNOJ in Bihać, 1942

Demographics

Bihać inner city panorama

According to the 2013 census, the city of Bihać has a population of 56,261 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the municipality:

Ethnic group	Population 2013[13]
Bosniaks	49,550 (88.1%)
Croats	3,265 (5.8%)
Serbs	910 (1.62%)
Yugoslavs	21 (0.04%)
Others/Unspecified	2,536 (4.47%)
Total	56,261 (100%)

In the 1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina the ethnic composition of the municipality was 46,737 Bosniaks, 12,689 Serbs, 5,580 Croats, 4,356 Yugoslavs and 1,370 Others.^[14]

Religion

Majority religion in Bihać city is Islam followed by Catholic and then Orthodox.

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Bihać (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	21.2 (70.2)	24.2 (75.6)	27.2 (81.0)	30.8 (87.4)	33.7 (92.7)	38.9 (102.0)	41.2 (106.2)	42.0 (107.6)	36.1 (97.0)	31.5 (88.7)	26.6 (79.9)	21.0 (69.8)	42.0 (107.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	4.0 (39.2)	6.5 (43.7)	11.2 (52.2)	16.3 (61.3)	21.0 (69.8)	24.2 (75.6)	26.7 (80.1)	26.2 (79.2)	22.6 (72.7)	16.9 (62.4)	10.6 (51.1)	5.3 (41.5)	15.9 (60.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.3 (32.5)	2.3 (36.1)	6.1 (43.0)	10.7 (51.3)	15.1 (59.2)	18.3 (64.9)	20.1 (68.2)	19.3 (66.7)	15.9 (60.6)	11.3 (52.3)	6.3 (43.3)	1.7 (35.1)	10.6 (51.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−3.7 (25.3)	−1.7 (28.9)	1.2 (34.2)	5.1 (41.2)	9.1 (48.4)	12.2 (54.0)	13.3 (55.9)	13.0 (55.4)	10.3 (50.5)	6.5 (43.7)	2.3 (36.1)	−1.9 (28.6)	5.5 (41.9)
Record low °C (°F)	−24.8 (−12.6)	−29.2 (−20.6)	−21.0 (−5.8)	−5.4 (22.3)	−3.3 (26.1)	1.4 (34.5)	4.4 (39.9)	3.6 (38.5)	−2.4 (27.7)	−7.0 (19.4)	−18.0 (−0.4)	−18.2 (−0.8)	−29.2 (−20.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	85.8 (3.38)	90.8 (3.57)	99.2 (3.91)	115.0 (4.53)	116.3 (4.58)	109.0 (4.29)	105.9 (4.17)	109.5 (4.31)	107.9 (4.25)	109.6 (4.31)	146.2 (5.76)	113.6 (4.47)	1,308.8 (51.53)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	13.8	14.3	14.5	14.6	14.2	14.0	10.1	10.5	10.0	12.2	14.2	15.0	157.4
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)	16.2	13.4	8.4	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	5.0	13.1	57.5
Average relative humidity (%)	79.8	76.7	70.6	66.7	68.9	70.5	69.3	73.1	76.5	77.6	78.9	80.6	74.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours	58.3	74.0	125.4	152.1	202.1	219.7	265.6	228.2	171.6	117.4	73.2	50.3	1,737.9
Source: Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina[15][16]

Economy

The agricultural sector is significant, due to the large and fertile soil.^[17]

Notable people

• Mehmed Alajbegović, politician and lawyer
• Mersada Bećirspahić, basketball player
• Christopher Corvinus (Christopher Hunyadi, 1499–1505), Prince of Hungary and the last male member of the Hungarian Royal House of Hunyadi
• Zlatko Dedić, Slovenian footballer
• Ferid Džanić, World War II Axis soldier (SS Handschar Division)
• Nihad Hasanović, writer and translator
• Alen Islamović, singer, lead vocalist of the bands Divlje Jagode and Bijelo Dugme
• Azra Kolaković, singer
• Zele Lipovača, musician, leading member of Divlje Jagode
• Irfan Ljubijankić, facial surgeon, classical music composer, politician and diplomat of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Dejan Matić, singer
• Saša Matić, pop singer
• Džanan Musa, basketball player, European U16 champion
• Milan Muškatirović, water polo goalkeeper and professor of organic chemistry
• Saša Radulović, Serbian engineer, politician and former Minister of Economy
• Branka Raunig, archaeologist and museum curator
• Faruk Šehić, poet
• Borislav Stanković, Serbian basketball player, coach and secretary General of FIBA

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bihać is twinned with:

• Bondeno, Italy^[18]
• Kikinda, Serbia^[19]
• Kuşadası, Turkey^[20]
• Nagykanizsa, Hungary^[21]
• Novo Mesto, Slovenia^[22]
• Reșița, Romania^[23]
• Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France^[24]
• Kartepe, Turkey
• Gospić, Croatia

See also

• Fethija mosque
• Turbe Mausoleum
• Siege of Bihać (disambiguation)
• University of Bihać, opened in 1997
• NK Jedinstvo Bihać, local soccer club
• Željava Air Base
• Bihać Republic
• Una National Park
• Bihać Oblast

Notes

• Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.

References

1. Mladen Ančić (1985). "Bihaćki kraj od 1262. do početka XV stoljeća". Glasnik arhiva i Društva arhivskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine (in Serbo-Croatian). Društvo arhivskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine. pp. 193–230. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
2. Franjić, Živko (1999). Povijest Bihaća: od najstarijih vremena do 1878. godine (in Croatian). Napredak. p. 7. ISBN 9789958943102. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
3. Stanić, Damir (5 May 2020). Bihać kao sjedište Bihaćke kapetanije i slobodni kraljevski grad (info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis) (in Croatian). University of Zagreb. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Department of History. doi:10.17234/diss.2020.7151. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
4. Hamdija Kreševljaković. "Stari bosanski gradovi. Vieux bourgs bosniaques" (PDF) (in Bosnian). p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
5. Tracy, James D. (2016). Habsburg Croatia, Ottoman Bosnia, and Venetian Dalmatia, 1499–1617.
6. Hamdija Kreševljaković. "Stari bosanski gradovi. Vieux bourgs bosniaques" (PDF) (in Bosnian). p. 31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
7. "Kriegs-Chronik Oesterreich-Ungarns. Military leader on the war of the monarchy. III. Theil. The southern war zone in the lands of the Hungarian crown, in Dalmatia and Bosnia The field in Croatia and Dalmatia in 1813 and 1814". Supplement. 1892. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
8. "Grad Bihać". Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
9. "PARTIZANKE, ŽENE KOJE SU SE BORILE PROTIV FAŠIZMA I PATRIJARHATA – Balkan Breaking News". 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
10. Југословенски савременици : Ко је ко у Југославији [Yugoslav contemporaries: Who is who in Yugoslavia] (in Serbian). Хронометар [Chronometer]. 1970.
11. Vujačić, Rada (1975). Žene Srbije u NOB (in Serbian). Nolit. pp. 191, 205, 527.
12. "Weary Bihac cries with joy as siege ends". The Independent. 9 August 1995. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
13. "POPIS STANOVNIŠTVA, DOMAĆINSTAVA I STANOVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2013. REZULTATI POPISA" (PDF). popis2013.ba (in Serbian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
14. "Popis stanovništva 1991 – Federalni zavod za statistiku". fzs.ba. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
15. "Meteorlogical data for station Bihać in period 1961–1990". Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
16. "Bihać: Record mensili dal 1949" (in Italian). Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
17. Arnautovic, Marija (21 September 2012), Bosnian Town Preserves Coexistence Legacy: Bihać is one of the few places where conflict failed to drive a wedge between communities, vol. TRI Issue 757, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, archived from the original on 29 July 2014, retrieved 27 December 2015
18. "Bihac, gemellaggio che non va ma non per colpa nostra". lanuovaferrara.gelocal.it (in Italian). La Nuova Ferrara. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
19. "Братски градови". kikinda.org.rs (in Serbian). Kikinda. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
20. "Kardeş Şehirler". kusadasi.bel.tr (in Turkish). Kuşadası. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
21. "Testvérvárosok". nagykanizsa.hu (in Hungarian). Nagykanizsa. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
22. "Mednarodno". novomesto.si (in Slovenian). Mestna občina Novo Mesto. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
23. "Orașe înfrățite". primaria-resita.ro (in Romanian). Reșița. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
24. "Villefranche-de-Rouergue. Le jumelage avec Sarzana encore bien actif". ladepeche.fr (in French). La Depeche. 15 September 2018. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2020.

External links

• Official city presentation
• Preminger Brewery