Campos dos Goytacazes

21°45′14″S 41°19′26″W

Campos dos Goytacazes
Municipality
Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  "The Capital of Oil and Sugar"
Motto:  Ipsae matronae hic pro jure pugnant (Latin for: "Even women here fight for the right")
Location in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Campos dos Goytacazes
Coordinates: 21°45′14″S 41°19′26″W
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	Rio de Janeiro
City status	March 28, 1835
Government
• Mayor	Wladimir Garotinho (UNIÃO)
Area
• Total	4,032 km^2 (1,557 sq mi)
Elevation	14 m (46 ft)
Population  (2022[1])
• Total	483,540
• Density	120/km^2 (310/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC−3 (BRT)
Postal Code	28000-000
Area code	+55 22
HDI (2010)	0.716 – high[2]
Website	www.campos.rj.gov.br

Campos dos Goytacazes ([ˈkɐ̃puz duz ɡojtaˈkazis]) is a municipality located in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with a population of 483,540 inhabitants.

History

Campos, 1977. National Archives of Brazil.

Colonization of the area started in the 16th century, and the village of São Salvador de Campos de Goytacazes was founded on May 29, 1677. On March 28, 1835, the village was promoted to city status.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campos was the see of Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer, nicknamed "The Lion of Campos", who was one of the bishops who opposed the Vatican II reforms and who teamed with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre of Dakar to consecrate four independent bishops in Écône, Switzerland, in 1988. Nowadays there are in Campos two Roman Catholic jurisdictions: a Diocese, whose Bishop is Monsignor Roberto Gomes Guimarães and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, whose Apostolic Administrator is Monsignor Fernando Areas Rifan.

Geography

Location

Campos dos Goytacazes has an area of 4,032 km² (1,557 sq mi), which makes it the largest municipality in the state by area, and its elevation is 14 m. Its name comes from the geographical characteristic of the region, very flat with fields (campos in Portuguese) and from the Goytacazes Indians, which inhabited the region. Campos, as the city is usually known, is a macro region of the Northern Fluminense, and is a micro region of Campos dos Goytacazes. The city has a tropical climate.

The municipality contains part of the 21,444 hectares (52,990 acres) Desengano State Park, created in 1970.^[3]

The city's distance to Rio de Janeiro city, which is the capital of the state, is 286 kilometres (178 mi). BR-101 is the access highway of the city of Campos. Regular air services are operated from its airport Bartolomeu Lysandro. It is the easternmost municipality in Rio de Janeiro.

Climate

According to data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the lowest recorded temperature in Campos dos Goytacazes was 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) on 6 July 1942 and the highest was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 31 October 2012. The most accumulated precipitation in the same period was 159.3 millimetres (6.27 in) on 23 December 1955. Records equal or superior to 100 mm (3.9 in) include:

• 149.7 mm (5.89 in) on 2 November 1977,
• 146.6 mm (5.77 in) on 18 November 2008,
• 133.8 mm (5.27 in) on 14 November 2016,
• 117.8 mm (4.64 in) on 20 November 1972,
• 111.4 mm (4.39 in) on 24 November 1966,
• 108.6 mm (4.28 in) on 6 March 1960,
• 107.8 mm (4.24 in) on 27 November 1992,
• 107.3 mm (4.22 in) on 11 November 1970,
• 105.4 mm (4.15 in) on 12 December 2005,
• 103.3 mm (4.07 in) on 23 February 1933,
• 102.8 mm (4.05 in) on 28 November 2008 and
• 102 mm (4.0 in) on 28 March 1966.^[4][5]

Climate data for Campos dos Goytacazes (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1931–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	40.2 (104.4)	40.8 (105.4)	39.4 (102.9)	39.2 (102.6)	36.4 (97.5)	35.2 (95.4)	36.6 (97.9)	38.0 (100.4)	39.0 (102.2)	41.6 (106.9)	40.3 (104.5)	40.8 (105.4)	41.6 (106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	32.3 (90.1)	33.4 (92.1)	32.6 (90.7)	31.0 (87.8)	28.7 (83.7)	28.0 (82.4)	27.5 (81.5)	27.9 (82.2)	28.2 (82.8)	29.2 (84.6)	29.7 (85.5)	31.6 (88.9)	30.0 (86.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	26.9 (80.4)	27.5 (81.5)	26.9 (80.4)	25.6 (78.1)	23.3 (73.9)	22.2 (72.0)	21.7 (71.1)	22.1 (71.8)	23.0 (73.4)	24.2 (75.6)	24.9 (76.8)	26.3 (79.3)	24.6 (76.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	23.4 (74.1)	23.8 (74.8)	23.5 (74.3)	22.1 (71.8)	19.7 (67.5)	18.4 (65.1)	17.9 (64.2)	18.2 (64.8)	19.4 (66.9)	20.8 (69.4)	21.7 (71.1)	23.0 (73.4)	21.0 (69.8)
Record low °C (°F)	17.0 (62.6)	15.3 (59.5)	16.8 (62.2)	10.7 (51.3)	10.8 (51.4)	10.4 (50.7)	9.5 (49.1)	10.3 (50.5)	10.7 (51.3)	11.5 (52.7)	13.6 (56.5)	16.0 (60.8)	9.5 (49.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	127.7 (5.03)	64.4 (2.54)	120.4 (4.74)	66.6 (2.62)	62.6 (2.46)	31.1 (1.22)	34.9 (1.37)	29.6 (1.17)	57.5 (2.26)	78.7 (3.10)	159.9 (6.30)	148.2 (5.83)	981.6 (38.65)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	8	6	9	7	6	4	5	4	6	8	11	11	85
Average relative humidity (%)	77.4	74.9	77.2	77.9	77.9	78.3	78	75.4	76.8	76.8	78.5	78.5	77.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours	205.1	207.2	185.1	184.6	184.3	174.2	191.7	181.4	128.5	133.4	145.1	157.6	2,078.2
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (sun and humidity 1981–2010[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Economy

City's economy is based on oil extraction. The GDP for the city was R$17,283,381. (2016).

The per capita income for the city was R$35,475. (2016).^[13]

Crime

Campos dos Goytacazes recorded 233 homicides in 2018 for a murder rate of 46 homicides per 100,000 people for the year. This makes Campos dos Goytacazes the most violent city in the southern half of Brazil.^[14][15]

Education

Educational institutions

• Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense;
• Universidade Cândido Mendes;
• Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro;
• Faculdade de Medicina de Campos;
• Faculdade de Direito de Campos;
• Faculdade de Odontologia Campos;
• IF Fluminense (former CEFET Campos);
• Universidade Federal Fluminense;
• Universidade Salgado de Oliveira;
• Universidade Estácio de Sá;
• Faculdade Batista Fluminense;
• Ise-Censa;
• Unigranrio Archived 2007-09-07 at the Wayback Machine;

Demographics

Population Growth of Campos dos Goytacazes

Year	Pop.	±%
1950	701,342	—
1960	630,054	−10.2%
1970	609,248	−3.3%
1980	564,329	−7.4%
1990	517,300	−8.3%
2000	436,008	−15.7%
2010	471,737	+8.2%
2022	483,540	+2.5%

As of 2010, the population of Campos is 471,737, up from the 436,008 in 2000, but down from the 1990s, 1980s, 1970s, 1960s and 1950s. The city in the 1950s was the second largest of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The reasons behind these reductions are the "crash" that the economy of the town, based on oil, suffered in 1954, something similar that happened in Detroit with the auto industries. According to the 2010 census of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), whites represent 47.6% of population, brown or mulatos 36.8% and black of African 14.6%. Other races represent 1.0% of the population.^[16]

The State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Entrance

Sports

There are at least four football clubs in the city, namely Americano, Campos, Goytacaz and Rio Branco. The derby between Americano and Goytacaz is known as Goyta-cano.

References

1. IBGE 2022
2. "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
3. Upam Desengano flagra corte de madeira nativa em Santa Maria Madalena (in Portuguese), Inea: Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, 14 October 2015, archived from the original on 2017-01-13, retrieved 2017-01-12
4. Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). "Banco de dados meteorológicos". Retrieved June 6, 2022.
5. INMET (1979). "Normais Climatológicas do Brasil (1931-1960)". Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
6. "Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
7. "Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
8. "Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
9. "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
10. "Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
11. "Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
12. "Insolação Total (horas)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
13. per capita income (PDF) (in Portuguese). Campos, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
14. "List of cities by murder rate". seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
15. "50 of the most dangerous cities in the world". usatoday.com.
16. http://www.cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rj/campos-dos-goytacazes/pesquisa/23/22107 ^{[bare URL]}

External links

• Campos Prefecture Official Website
• Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer