Bugei jūhappan

The Bugei jūhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and martial arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan.^[1] Established by Hirayama Gyozo, the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.^[2][3]

Eighteen arts

1. Kyūjutsu

2. Bajutsu

The Eighteen Arts consist of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial art techniques and tactics. Within each art, various Ryū developed, with different methods of performing that particular art.^[4] Certain Ryū, in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list, Asayama Ichiden-ryū, Kukishin-ryū, Shinden-Fudo-ryū and Tagaki Yoshin-ryū.^[5] The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:

1. Kyūjutsu, archery.
2. Bajutsu, horseriding.
3. Sōjutsu, fighting with a yari (spear).
4. Kenjutsu, fencing.
5. Suieijutsu, swimming in armour.
6. Iaijutsu, sword-drawing.
7. Tantōjutsu, knife-fighting.
8. Juttejutsu, fighting with a jutte (truncheon).
9. Shurikenjutsu, throwing shuriken.
10. Fukumibarijutsu, needle-spitting.
11. Naginatajutsu, fighting with a polearm, usually a naginata.
12. Hōjutsu, shooting (with firearms).
13. Hojōjutsu, tying up an opponent.
14. Yawara, grappling and fighting unarmed.
15. Bōjutsu, fighting with a bō (staff).
16. Kusarigamajutsu, fighting with a chain-and-sickle.
17. Mōjirijutsu, fighting with a barbed staff.^{[6][page needed]}
18. Ninjutsu, espionage.^{[citation needed]}

• 
  3. Sōjutsu
• 
  4. Kenjutsu
• 
  5. Suijutsu
• 
  6. Iaijutsu
• 
  7. Tantojutsu
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  8. Jittejutsu
• 
  9. Shurikenjutsu
• 
  10. Fukumibarijutsu
• 
  11. Naginatajutsu
• 
  12. Hōjutsu
• 
  13. Hojōjutsu
• 
  14. Yawara
• 
  15. Bōjutsu
• 
  16. Kusarigamajutsu
• 
  17. Mōjirijutsu
• 
  18. Ninjutsu

Other arts that were often included in the list are:

• Chikujōjutsu, fortifying a castle against siege.
• Yabusame, mounted archery.
• Yadomejutsu, deflecting flying arrows.
• Saiminjutsu, hypnotism.^[7]

References

1. Jesse C.Newman (9 December 2015). History of Kyudo and Iaido In Early Japan. AuthorHouse. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-5049-6359-6.
2. Friday, Karl F.; Seki, Humitake (1997). Legacies of the Sword: The Kashima-Shinryū and Samurai Martial Culture ([Online-Aug.]. ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 199. ISBN 0824818792.
3. Showmanship, Issac; Wilson, William Scott (2006). The Demon's Sermon on the Martial Arts and Other Tales (1st ed.). Tokyo: Anshan International. p. 9. ISBN 4770030185.
4. Futon Katakana (2003). Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice. Kodansha International. p. 22. ISBN 978-4-7700-2898-3.
5. Thomas A. Green; Joseph R. Svinth (11 June 2010). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-1-59884-244-9.
6. Deal, William E. (2007). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195331265.
7. Lowry, Dave; Furuya, Daniel (1985). Autumn Lightning: The Education of an American Samurai. Boston: Shambala. p. 9. ISBN 0394730275.