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Bucha (Ukrainian: Буча, pronounced[ˈbutʃɐ]ⓘ) is a city in Ukraine's Kyiv Oblast. Administratively, it serves as the administrative center of Bucha Raion. It hosts the administration of Bucha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is approximately 37,321 (2022 estimate).[2] Bucha Day is celebrated in the city between 11 and 13 September.[3]
After Ukrainian forces regained control of Bucha, reports and testimonies of war crimes committed by the Russian military began to circulate. These war crimes have been collectively labeled the Bucha massacre.[5]
Etymology
According to a local historian from Bucha, Anatoliya Zborovsky, Bucha was named after a nearby river, the Bucha River, which referred to the strength of the river's currents in ancient times.[citation needed]
According to an urban legend, during the construction of the railway station, the workers were not paid so they started a huge scandal, or "bucha" (Ukrainian: буча – scandal). The railway station received this name after its completion, so did the village.[6]
History
The settlement arose with the construction of the Kyiv–Kovel railway in 1898 around a small train stop by the Bucha River [uk] along the Kyiv–Kovel railway similar to one in the modern city of Irpin. In close vicinity to the Bucha train stop, there was a small village called Yablunka, where there used to be a brick factory.[citation needed] Yablunka is mentioned in the 19th century Polish Geographic dictionary as the village of Jabłonka 37 versts away from Kyiv.[7]
Bucha was granted city status on 9 February 2006 (previously, Bucha was an urban-type settlement within the Irpin city municipality).[9] Until 18 July 2020, Bucha was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Bucha was merged into Bucha Raion.[10][11]
2022 Russian invasion and massacre
Destroyed Russian column on Vokzalna Street of Bucha
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, heavy fighting took place in Bucha as part of the Kyiv offensive, resulting in severe Russian losses.[12] The city was captured by Russian forces on 12 March. Mayor Anatoliy Fedoruk announced the recapture of Bucha by Ukrainian forces on 31 March 2022.[13]
A few days after the recapture, on 2 April 2022, news reports and videos emerged showing streets in Bucha covered with the bodies of men dressed in civilian clothes. Some of those found had their hands tied.[14][15] Among those killed were women and children. According to first estimations at least 280 bodies were found.[16] There was also evidence that Russian soldiers had systemically tortured, mutilated and executed many Ukrainians in the basement of a summer camp.[17] The event caused the Ukrainian government to call on the ICC to investigate whether or not Russia had committed war crimes.[18] On 7 April, the mayor of Bucha, Anatoliy Fedoruk, reported that almost 90% of the dead residents had bullet wounds, not shrapnel wounds.[19]
Soon after the town's liberation, rebuilding efforts began. CNN reported in February 2023 that some areas looked almost "back to normal".[20] The road near Bucha has a "graveyard" of destroyed Russian military equipment that has become a tourist attraction and pilgrimage destination for Ukrainians to "see what victory looks like."[20]
On 2 July 2023, a memorial to 501 dead residents of Bucha, one of the first towns to be occupied by the Russian military, was unveiled.[21]
Population
Language
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[22]
There is a glass factory in Bucha. Built in 1946, it was closed in 2016. There is a small train stop called "Sklozavodska".[citation needed]
The town's main landmark is a 19th-century railway station located at the south edge of the city. Through the city runs a major highway M 07.[citation needed]
Author Mikhail Bulgakov stayed in Bucha with his family during the summer season in his cottage.[25]
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