Bothriembryontidae

Bothriembryontidae
A shell of the subspecies Placostylus ambagiosus priscus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Helicina
Superfamily:	Orthalicoidea
Family:	Bothriembryontidae Iredale, 1937
Genera
See text
Synonyms[1][2]
Placostylidae Pilsbry, 1946[3]

Eumecostylus hargravesi from the Solomon Islands.

Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

Taxonomy

This family has been named Placostylidae and had no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).^[4]

Breure et al. (2010)^[5] moved Prestonella and Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.

Breure & Romero (2012)^[2] confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.^[2]

• subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
• subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946 - for species from New Zealand and Melanesia^[2]

Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016.^[6] Therefore three subfamilies are recognized in Bothriembryontidae:

• subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
• subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946
• Prestonellinae van Bruggen, Herbert & Breure, 2016^[6]

Genera

Genera within the family Bothriembryontidae include:

Bothriembryontinae

• Bothriembryon - the type genus of the family Bothriembryontidae^[2][5][7]

Placostylinae

• Archaeostylus Brook & Hayward, 2022^[8]
• Aspastus Albers, 1850^[7]
• Basileostylus F. Haas, 1935
• Callistocharis Pilsbry, 1900^[7]
• Diplomorpha Ancey, 1884
• Eumecostylus Martens in Albers, 1860^[2][7]
• Euplacostylus Crosse, 1875^[7]
• Leucocharis Pilsbry, 1900
• Placocharis Pilsbry, 1900^[2][7]
• Placostylus Beck, 1837 - the type genus of the (sub)family Placostylidae^[2][4][7]
• Poecilocharis Kobelt, 1891^[7]
• Quiros Solem, 1959
• Santacharis Iredale, 1927^[7]

Prestonellinae

• Discoleus Breure, 1978^[2][6]
• Plectostylus Beck, 1837^[2][6][7]
• Prestonella Connolly, 1929^[2][5][7] - type genus of the subfamily Prestonellinae^[6]

A cladogram based on nuclear ITS2, 28S rRNA and histone 3 (H3) and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Bothriembryontidae by Breure & Romero (2012):^[2]

Bothriembryontidae	Plectostylus Plectostylus peruvianus Discoleus Discoleus ameghinoi Prestonella Prestonella bowkeri Prestonella nuptialis Bothriembryon Bothriembryon dux Bothriembryon indutus Placostylus Placostylus eddystonensis Placostylus ambagiosus Eumecostylus Eumecostylus uliginosus Placocharis Placocharis strangei

Distribution

Bothriembryontidae have Gondwanan distribution.^[2]

References

1. MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
2. Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
3. Pilsbry H. A. (1946). "Notes on the anatomy of Australian and Galapagos Bulimidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 168: 1-4. Placostylidae is on the page 3.
4. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
5. Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
6. Bruggen A. C. van, Herbert D. G. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "Prestonellinae – validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea)". Zootaxa 4084: 590–592.
7. Breure A. S. H. & Ablett J. D. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London". ZooKeys 182: 1-70. doi:10.3897/zookeys.182.2720.
8. Brook, Fred J.; Hayward, Bruce W. (2022-05-23). "Taxonomy and taphonomy of Pliocene bulimoid land snails from Māngere, northern New Zealand, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Gastropoda: Bothriembryontidae: Placostylinae)". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 65 (3): 491–506. doi:10.1080/00288306.2022.2072904. ISSN 0028-8306. S2CID 249034879.

Further reading

• (in German) Neubert E. & Janssen R. (2004). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 133: 193-297. abstract.
• Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.