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Benjamin Stark
Benjamin Stark
United States Senator; from Oregon
	In office; October 29, 1861 – September 12, 1862
Appointed by	John Whiteaker
Preceded by	Edward Dickinson Baker
Succeeded by	Benjamin F. Harding
Personal details
Born	June 26, 1820; New Orleans, Louisiana, US
Died	October 10, 1898 (aged 78); New London, Connecticut, US
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Elizabeth Molthrop
Profession	attorney, merchant

Benjamin Stark (June 26, 1820 – October 10, 1898) was an American merchant and politician in Oregon. A native of Louisiana, he purchased some of the original tracts of land for the city of Portland. He later served in the Oregon House of Representatives before appointment to the United States Senate in 1860 after the death of Edward D. Baker. A Democrat, Stark served in the Senate from 1861 to 1862. He later served in the Connecticut House of Representatives.

Early life

Stark was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on June 26, 1820.^[1] His family moved to Connecticut where he graduated from Union School in New London after studying the classics.^[1] Stark then graduated from the Hebron Academy in Maine.^[1] From 1835 to 1845 he engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City and read law.^[1]

Oregon

In 1845, he sailed to what became Portland, Oregon, as the supercargo (cargo supervisor) of the Toulon,^[2] bringing goods for Francis Pettygrove's warehouse.^[3]

In 1846,^[3] he purchased half of Asa Lovejoy's 640 acres (2.6 km²) making up the original claim to the future city for $390 (~$11,833 in 2023) in cash.^[3]^[4] Stark bought the land for speculation rather than as a home or commercial property, and so he continued sailing as a merchant and visited the claim only occasionally.^[3]^[5] Despite often being absent on business, Stark was a civic leader in early Portland. For example, he led the city Freemasons, membership in which was a status symbol at the time.^[6]

In 1848, he sailed to San Francisco to take part in the California Gold Rush and was a merchant there from 1849 to 1850.^[1]^[2] Around the time Stark left San Francisco in 1850 to set up shop in Portland,^[1] he discovered his claim was disputed.

At a meeting in San Francisco with Daniel H. Lownsdale, Stark reached a settlement with the other stakeholders which gave Stark sole title to a triangular section in what is now downtown Portland between the Willamette River, Stark Street, and Ankeny Street.^[7] In return for giving up the rest of the claim, Lownsdale, Coffin, and Chapman paid Stark for land they had already sold on his acreage, which was roughly 48 acres (190,000 m²) and included most of what was then downtown. Later, another dispute between the parties arose after Stark refused to part with two narrow blocks needed to connect the park blocks.^[6]

Political career

He was admitted to the bar that same year and in 1852 became a member of the Oregon Territory's House of Representatives.^[1] In the legislature he was a Whig representing Washington County, which at that time included Portland.^[8] Stark was a colonel and served in the 1853 hostilities between settlers and Native Americans during the Rogue River Wars.^[1] He married Elizabeth Molthrop.^[2]

Stark served on the Portland Public Schools board from 1852 to 1854.^[9]

In 1860, Stark was again elected to the Oregon House of Representatives, now representing Multnomah County after its creation in 1854, and now as a Democrat.^[10] Oregon's junior Senator, Edward Dickinson Baker, was killed in action during the American Civil War in October 1861.^[11] Oregon Governor John Whiteaker appointed Stark to replace Baker in the United States Senate and served from October 29, 1861, to September 12, 1862.^[1] He was an advocate for slavery and originally opposed the creation of publicly financed primary schools.^[2] He did not run in the election for a permanent replacement and was succeeded by Benjamin F. Harding, who had been Speaker of the Oregon House during Stark's time there in 1860.^[1]^[10]

Later years and legacy

In 1864, he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention held in Chicago.^[12] He accumulated a fortune selling plots of his land in what became Downtown Portland.^[2] After Congress, Stark resumed his practice of law, before returning east to New London.^[1] There he became a member of the board of aldermen of the city, serving from 1873 to 1874 when he was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives.^[1] He also was a member of the Connecticut State Prison Commission.^[1] Benjamin Stark died in New London, Connecticut, on October 10, 1898, at the age of 78 and was interred in Cedar Grove Cemetery.^[1]

The Clyde Hotel was renamed Ben Stark Hotel in 1987, but became the Ace Hotel in 2005.^[13] The east-west running Stark Street in Portland is named in his honor.^[2] In late 2017, activists proposed renaming Southwest Stark Street for gay rights activist Harvey Milk, noting that Stark was an unapologetic racist who advocated for slavery.^[14] The Portland City Council accepted the recommendation.^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Benjamin Stark". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Corning, Howard M. (1989) Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 231.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Marschner, Janet (2008). Oregon 1859: A Snapshot in Time. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-873-0.
^ Terry, John (August 31, 2008). "Lovejoy was a latecomer to Portland". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
^ MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915-1950. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press. ISBN 0-9603408-1-5.
^ ^a ^b Lansing, Jewel (2001). Portland: People, Politics, and Power 1851-2001. Oregon State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87071-118-3.
^ Gaston, Joseph. 1912. The Centennial History of Oregon, 1811-1912. S.J. Clarke Pub. Co. p. 364.
^ 1852 Regular Session (4th Territorial). Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 28, 2008.
^ Portland Public Schools Board Members 1851 to Present
^ ^a ^b 1860 Regular Session (1st). Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 28, 2008.
^ "Edward Dickinson Baker". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
^ Colmer, Montagu, and Charles Erskine Scott Wood. 1910. History of the Bench and Bar of Oregon. Portland, Or: Historical Pub. Co. p. 275.
^ "Portland's new concept hotel to accommodate unconventional travelers". Daily Journal of Commerce. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
^ Griffin, Anna (December 29, 2017). "Supporters Want To Rename A Portland Street For Harvey Milk — And Send A Message". OPB.
^ Griffin, Anna (June 14, 2018). "Portland Leaders Rename Downtown Street For Harvey Milk". OPB.

External links

Abbott, Carl. "Benjamin Stark (1820-1898)". The Oregon Encyclopedia.

U.S. Senate
Preceded by Edward D. Baker	U.S. senator (Class 2) from Oregon October 29, 1861 – September 12, 1862 Served alongside: James W. Nesmith	Succeeded by Benjamin F. Harding