Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme

O'Higgins Station
Antarctic base
Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme
The Chilean base Bernardo O'Higgins Station
The Chilean base Bernardo O'Higgins Station
Location of O'Higgins Station in Antarctica
Location of O'Higgins Station in Antarctica
O'Higgins Station
Location of O'Higgins Station in Antarctica
Coordinates: 63°19′15″S 57°53′59″W / 63.320951°S 57.899781°W / -63.320951; -57.899781
Country Chile
Location in AntarcticaCape Legoupil
Trinity Peninsula
Administered by Chilean Army
Established18 February 1948 (1948-02-18)
Named forBernardo O'Higgins
Elevation
[1]
12 m (39 ft)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Summer
52
 • Winter
24
UN/LOCODEAQ OHG
TypeAll-year round
PeriodAnnual
StatusOperational
Activities
List
  • Geology
  • Glaciology
  • Marine biology
Map with station at location marked "C"

Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, also Base Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, or shortly Bernardo O'Higgins, named after Bernardo O'Higgins, is a permanently staffed Chilean research station in Antarctica and the capital of Antártica Commune. It lies at an elevation of 13 m, about 30 km south-west of Prime Head, the northernmost point of the Antarctic Peninsula, at Cape Legoupil.

History

The base was established on 18 February 1948 by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition, and is one of the Antarctic bases with the longest times of continuous operation. The winter population is 24, and the peak population in the Antarctic summer is usually 52, although up to 60 persons can be accommodated.[1] The base is operated by the Chilean Army. It is also known as Puerto Covadonga after the port on which it is located.[2]

The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) was established at O'Higgins in 1991 by the DLR. It is a satellite ground station sited in Antarctica to enable reception of data from satellite-based sensors within the south polar region that might otherwise be lost. High bandwidth sensors such as SAR generate too much data to be stored on board the satellite for transmission to ground stations elsewhere. GARS was sited at O'Higgins because of the geology, infrastructure and accessibility of the base.

Three dozen COVID-19 cases were reported on the research base on December 22, 2020. These are the first reported cases on the continent.[3]

Historic site

The O’Higgins Historic Site on Cape Legoupil comprises structures of historical significance:

  • The original base was established on 18 February 1948 by the President of the Republic of Chile, Gabriel González Videla, the first head of state in the world to visit Antarctica.
  • The Capitán General Bernardo O ́Higgins Riquelme Bust was erected in 1948 opposite the base.
  • A plaque was erected on 12 August 1957 in memory of Lieutenants Oscar Inostroza Contreras and Sergio Ponce Torrealba.
  • The Virgen del Carmen Grotto, near the base, was built in the early 1970s to serve as a place of spiritual withdrawal for the staff of various Antarctic stations and expeditions.

It was designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 37), following a proposal by Chile to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.[4]

Climate

Bernardo O'Higgins Base experiences a borderline polar tundra climate (Köppen ET) that is extremely close to a polar ice cap climate (Köppen EF). Average annual precipitation amounts to 771 mm (30.35 in), and is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, typically peaking marginally during the austral spring. Temperatures are frigid all year round; the warmest month is January with an average monthly temperature of 1 °C (34 °F), while the coldest month is July with an average monthly temperature of −9 °C (16 °F).

Climate data for Bernardo O'Higgins Base, elevation: 10 m or 33 ft, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		8.3
(46.9) 		6.2
(43.2) 		7.2
(45.0) 		5.9
(42.6) 		3.8
(38.8) 		3.5
(38.3) 		4.4
(39.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		10.9
(51.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−1.6
(29.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−3.5
(25.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		−5.4
(22.3)
Record low °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8) 		−14.0
(6.8) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−25.0
(−13.0) 		−30.0
(−22.0) 		−34.2
(−29.6) 		−34.4
(−29.9) 		−33.2
(−27.8) 		−29.2
(−20.6) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−34.4
(−29.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.4
(1.63) 		51.4
(2.02) 		62.4
(2.46) 		52.0
(2.05) 		43.0
(1.69) 		40.0
(1.57) 		42.0
(1.65) 		42.7
(1.68) 		47.2
(1.86) 		54.6
(2.15) 		44.7
(1.76) 		37.0
(1.46) 		558.3
(21.98)
Average relative humidity (%) 83.3 85.8 86.2 84.6 86.2 85.8 86.3 85.6 86.2 84.8 83.5 83.2 85.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 84.0 72.5 58.3 36.1 16.0 5.7 10.2 35.9 46.8 82.6 101.1 105.4 601.1
Source: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile[5][6][7]

See also

O'Higgins Skiway
Summary
Airport typePrivate
LocationGeneral Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme Station
Elevation AMSL648 ft / 198 m
Coordinates63°20′34″S 57°49′23″W / 63.342759°S 57.823152°W / -63.342759; -57.823152
Map
O'Higgins Skiway is located in Antarctica
O'Higgins Skiway
O'Higgins Skiway
Location of airfield in Antarctica
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
2,625 800 Ice

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c Antarctic Station Catalogue (PDF) (catalogue). Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs. August 2017. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-473-40409-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Base General Bernardo O'Higgins" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  3. ^ Lardieri, Alexa (December 22, 2020). "Coronavirus Cases on Chilean Research Base Are First Reported in Antarctica". msn.com. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  4. ^ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  5. ^ "Climatología de Estaciones Chilenas de la Península Antártica" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  6. ^ "Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: Bernardo O'Higgins, Base Antártica" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Bernardo O'Higgins, Base Antártica (950003)" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
Base General Bernardo O'Higgins inauguration by the President of the Republic of Chile, Gabriel González Videla, the first head of state in the world to visit Antarctica (1948).
GARS
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