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Bad Lieutenant
Bad Lieutenant
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Abel Ferrara
Written by	Zoë Lund; Abel Ferrara;
Produced by	Edward R. Pressman
Starring	Harvey Keitel
Cinematography	Ken Kelsch
Edited by	Anthony Redman
Music by	Joe Delia
Distributed by	Aries Films
Release date	November 20, 1992;
Running time	96 minutes
Country	United States
Languages	English; Spanish;
Budget	$1 million[citation needed]
Box office	$2 million

Bad Lieutenant is a 1992 American crime film directed by Abel Ferrara. The film stars Harvey Keitel as the title character "bad lieutenant" as well as Victor Argo and Paul Calderón. The screenplay was co-written by Ferrara with actress-model Zoë Lund, both of whom appear in the film in minor roles. The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.

Since its release, Bad Lieutenant has become one of Ferrara's best known and most critically appreciated works.

Plot

After dropping off his two young sons at Catholic school, an unnamed NYPD police lieutenant snorts cocaine before driving to the scene of a double homicide in Union Square. The lieutenant then tracks down a drug dealer and gives him a bag of cocaine from a crime scene; he has a small bag of crack cocaine fronted and smokes some while the dealer promises to give him the money he makes from selling the drugs in a few days. The lieutenant ends the day at a rundown apartment, where he gets drunk and engages in a threesome with two women. He then visits a red-haired female junkie and smokes heroin with her. In parallel events, a nun is raped inside a church by two young hoodlums.

The next morning, the lieutenant learns that he has lost a bet on a National League Championship Series game between the New York Mets and the Los Angeles Dodgers. He tries to win back his money by doubling his wager on the Dodgers in the next game. At another crime scene, the lieutenant rifles through the victim's car and finds a hidden stash, which he stuffs in his coat pocket. However, the bag falls out onto the street in front of his colleagues. The lieutenant lies and says that he intended to enter the drugs into evidence, and orders them to do it on his behalf.

At a hospital, the lieutenant spies on the nun's examination and learns that she was penetrated with a crucifix. Later that evening, he pulls over two teenage girls who are using their father's car without his knowledge to go to a club. Aware that they are unlicensed, the lieutenant extorts the girls by having one of them bend over and pull up her skirt and the other to simulate oral sex while he masturbates. The following day, he eavesdrops on the nun's confession to her superior, where she says she knows who assaulted her but will not identify them.

While drinking and shooting drugs as he drives through Times Square, the lieutenant listens to the final moments of the Dodgers game and shoots out his car stereo in a drug-fueled rage when the Mets win. Despite being unable to pay the $30,000 wager, he doubles his bet for the next game. The lieutenant spends the last of his money on more drinks when the Dodgers lose again. After scoring cocaine in a nightclub, he tries to double his bet again but the runner refuses, insisting that his bookie would kill him.

The lieutenant picks up his $30,000 share from the drug dealer and calls the bookie personally to place his bet. They arrange to meet in front of Madison Square Garden. He then visits the red-haired junkie again for a final shot of heroin. At the church, he tells the nun that he will exact vengeance upon her attackers, but she repeats that she has forgiven them and leaves. In the resulting emotional breakdown, the lieutenant sees an apparition of Jesus and tearfully curses him before begging forgiveness for his crimes and sins. The figure is revealed to be a woman holding a golden chalice, which turns out to have been pawned at her husband's shop.

With the help of the woman, the lieutenant tracks the two rapists to a nearby crack den in Spanish Harlem and cuffs them together. The three men then smoke crack while listening to the Mets win the pennant on a radio. Instead of taking them to the station, he drives them to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and puts them on a bus with a cigar box containing the $30,000 and a promise not to return. After he leaves the terminal, he parks on the street in front of Penn Station. Another car drives up beside him, and the driver, presumably the bookie with whom the lieutenant had arranged to meet, fatally shoots the lieutenant before speeding off. A crowd begins to form as the police arrive.

Cast

Harvey Keitel as The Lieutenant
Victor Argo as Bet Cop
Paul Calderón as Cop #1
Eddie Daniels as Jersey Girl – Passenger
Bianca Hunter (credited as Bianca Bakija) as Jersey Girl – Driver
Zoë Lund as Zoe
Vincent Laresca as J.C.
Frankie Thorn as The Nun
Fernando Véléz as Julio
Joseph Micheal Cruz as Paulo
Paul Hipp as Jesus
Frank Adonis as Large
Anthony Ruggiero as Lite
Victoria Bastel as Bowtay

Production

According to Zoë Lund:

There was a lot of rewriting done on the set. Two other characters were cut, and my character modulated and took on more and more. A lot of things had to be changed and improvised. The vampire speech – which is crucial to the Lieutenant – was written two minutes before it was shot. I memorized it and did it in one take. The speech is important because she is acute in knowing the journey the Lieutenant makes. She shoots him up, sends him off, knowing of his passion, she lets him go.^[3]

Lund avowed in an interview that she "co-directed" several scenes in the film.^[4] Lund also claimed that she wrote the screenplay of Bad Lieutenant alone and believed that Ferrara did not put much effort in his contributions in the film.^[5]^[6]

According to Jonas Mekas, Lund's ex-boyfriend Edouard de Laurot was reported to have written most of the film's script.^[6] David Scott Milton later vouched for this claim.^[7] Mekas even claimed he had "scribbles and notes to prove it".^[8]

Ferrara said in 2012 that he was using drugs during the making of the film:

The director of that film needed to be using, the director and the writer—not the actors.^[9]

The Special Edition DVD from Lion's Gate has a special feature about the pre-, during, and post-production of the film, in which Ferrara explains the screenplay's genesis, its authorship, and its original brevity.^{[citation needed]}

Christopher Walken was originally going to portray the titular character, having previously worked with Ferrera on King of New York.^[10]

Alternate versions

Originally rated NC-17 and one of the few films to be rated thus on the basis of depictions of drug use and violence (the only other film being Comfortably Numb), the unedited cut's rating was described as being for "sexual violence, strong sexual situations and dialogue, graphic drug use".

Blockbuster and Hollywood Video, the largest video rental companies in the United States, had a policy prohibiting the purchase and rental of NC-17 films. An R-rated cut was created specifically so that Blockbuster and the other retailers would rent and purchase out the film. The R-rated cut was described with "drug use, language, violence, and nudity". The scene in which the Lieutenant pulls over two young girls and masturbates in front of them is almost completely absent from the Blockbuster version.

The original theatrical version featured the song "Signifying Rapper" by Schoolly D. The song was removed from some editions of the film's home video release due to the unauthorized use of a re-recorded guitar riff from Led Zeppelin's "Kashmir", which the rapper did not license.^[11]

Ban in Ireland

On January 29, 1993, the film was banned in Ireland. Sheamus Smith, who headed the Irish Film Censor Board at the time, felt the film had a "demeaning treatment of women".^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] The DVD release was banned for the same reason 10 years later.^[16]

Reception

Bad Lieutenant has a 79% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 52 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Bad Lieutenant will challenge less desensitized viewers with its depiction of police corruption, but Harvey Keitel's committed performance makes it hard to turn away."^[17] Writing in The New York Times, Janet Maslin praised Ferrara's talent for making "gleefully down-and-dirty films", continuing, "He has come up with his own brand of supersleaze, in a film that would seem outrageously, unforgivably lurid if it were not also somehow perfectly sincere."^[18] Desson Howe for The Washington Post called the Lieutenant "a notch nicer than Satan", and he cites Keitel's work as the film's saving grace, "It is only the strength of Keitel's performance that gives his personality human dimension."^[19]

Mark Kermode has mentioned that the film was praised as "a powerful tale of redemptive Catholicism".^[20] Roger Ebert gave the film four stars and stated that "in the Bad Lieutenant, Keitel has given us one of the great screen performances in recent years".^[21] Martin Scorsese named this movie as the fifth best movie of the 1990s.^[22]

Followup

A narratively unrelated follow-up, Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans, was released in 2009, seventeen years after the first film's release. The film was directed by Werner Herzog and stars Nicolas Cage and Eva Mendes. It was described as being "neither a sequel nor a remake".^[23] Both films were produced by Edward R. Pressman.