Bad Gastein is located in the historic Pongau District. It stretches along the upper Gastein Valley following the course of the Gastein Ache creek. The valley separates the Hohe Tauern Ankogel Group in the east from the Goldberg Group in the west.
The town centre is located at the Gastein waterfall, about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level.
The German word "Bad" means "spa", reflecting the town's history as a health resort. The local Heilstollen (literally 'healing tunnel') thermal spring water earned the town its early fame. Theophrastus Parcelsus (1493–1541) had studied the spring water to discover its secrets.[citation needed]
In the 16th century the Gastein Hot Springs, known as the Wildbad, started to become a popular spa destination. In the 18th century the Salzburg archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo reignited the fashion for visiting the Gastein Hot Springs. He had a classicist palace built in Bad Gastein at which he resided during his summer spa stays. In 1807 the palace was restored as public health resort. This exclusive resort was promoted by Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany. He had a coach service built between Salzburg and Bad Gastein. In 1807 Bad Gastein was visited by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, he was looking for ideas on how to improve his health in the imperial and royal bath. Ultimately the emperor joined a spa project in Bad Hofgastein that was financed by Ladislaus Pyrker. An English coffeehouses was built in 1850 in Bad Gastein.[3]
Radon therapy began to be administered in Bad Gastein . Radon inhalation therapy at the Gasteiner Heilstollen began as a result of further investigation into the experiences of humans who worked in silver mining who noticed improvements in symptoms from various ailments.[citation needed] Like any Austrian spa town in the early 19th century, Bad Gastein did not only attract desperate patients.[4]
The Grandhotel Gasteinerhof has residential outbuildings and modern urban design integrates the historic ensemble, which includes a spa with a glass corridor over a creek with pristine alpine water.[5]
The Austrian spa of Bad Gastein has special trains for spa guests, who are driven deep into the cave of the Böckstein mountain. There guests can lie for several hours to breathe in radon gas. To accommodate spa guests, the tunnels originally dug for gold mining have been converted.[6]
At the end of the 19th century skiing was developed as tourism activity in the alps. Resorts such as Davos and St. Moritz catered to the wealthy health tourist, while popular mass tourism could only be sustained with the expansion of the railroads. Bad Gastein, Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, and Bad Ischl were established as health spas.[8]
In the 1960s Bad Gastein was frequented by Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. Those who could afford to visit their old home (alte Heimat) met in Bad Gastein. Returning from their travels they shared their experiences with other refugees in newsletters and presentations.[9]
From the 1960s on the Bad Gastein lost some of its former reputation and many older hotels sat empty. Recently, Bad Gastein renovated its Felsentherme in 2014.[10]
Places of interest
Catholic parish church
Gletschermühlen
Felsentherme
Gasteiner Heilstollen
Gasteiner Museum
Climate
Bad Gastein has a humid continental climate (Dfb) bordering on a subarctic climate (Dfc) due to the town's high elevation. Summers are mild, sometimes warm with cool, refreshing nights. Winters are moderately cold and snowy, with annual snowfall averaging 345 cm (136 inches).
Bad Gastein is popular for winter sports. Bad Gastein hosted the 1958 World Championships in alpine skiing and regularly is a scene of the snowboarding and boardercross world cup. The Bad Gastein and Bad Hofgastein ski resort is part of the larger Ski Amadé network, with Gastein valley having 4 ski areas with over 200 kilometers of downhill slopes.[17] Many establishments on the slopes offer warmth, food and strong drinks.
^Susanne Stacher (2018). Sublime Visions: Architecture in the Alps. Walter de Gruyter. p. 44. ISBN9783035615067.
^Ian Bradley (2020). Health, Hedonism and Hypochondria: The Hidden History of Spas. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 34. ISBN9780755626670.
^Thies Schröder (2014). City by Landscape: The Landscape Architecture of Rainer Schmidt. Birkhäuser. pp. 19–21. ISBN9783034610834.
^Ian Bradley (2020). Health, Hedonism and Hypochondria: The Hidden History of Spas. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 7. ISBN9780755626670.
^Susanne Stacher (2018). Sublime Visions: Architecture in the Alps. Walter de Gruyter. p. 44. ISBN9783035615067.
^Andrew Holden (2007). Environment and Tourism. Taylor & Francis. pp. 34–35. ISBN9781134148790.
^Anne C. Schenderlein (2019). Germany On Their Minds: German Jewish Refugees in the United States and Their Relationships with Germany, 1938-1988. Berghahn Books. p. 168. ISBN9781789200119.
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