Humans have lived in the Bad Ischl area since the time of the pre-historic Hallstatt culture; documentary evidence of the settlement dates from a 1262 deed, it which it appears as Iselen. In 1419 Archduke Albert V of Austria established the local seat of the Salt Chamber (Salzkammer [de]) at Wildenstein Castle, and Ischl was granted the privileges of a market town in 1466 by Emperor Frederick III. A first salt mine was opened in 1563, a salt evaporation pond (German: Saline) followed in 1571.
On 19 August 1853 the engagement between Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria (Sisi) took place at the Seeauerhaus, Esplanade No. 10, which since 1989 has been the location of the Museum der Stadt Bad Ischl.
In 1854, the Emperor's mother, Archduchess Sophie, gave him the Kaiservilla (Imperial Villa) as a wedding present. The villa became the imperial family's summer residence; Franz Joseph described it as "Heaven on Earth".[3] The Emperor granted to his mistress Katharina Schratt a nearby mansion, easily reached via a hidden footpath. In the Kaiservilla on 28 July 1914 Franz Joseph signed Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, signalling the start of hostilities in World War I. He left Bad Ischl on the following day and never returned. The Habsburg-Lorraine family still own the villa, although the grounds and parts of the residence are now open to the public.
In the aftermath of the 1945 defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, Bad Ischl became the location of a displaced persons (DP) camp for survivors of the Holocaust and of Nazi concentration camps in Eastern Europe. The resident displaced persons were primarily Jews from Poland and other neighboring countries. They received lodging, food, medical care and administrative assistance until able to make other, more permanent arrangements. Many left for the United States, Israel or Canada. The Bad Ischl DP camp remained active from 1945 until 1952.
Population
English copper engraving Ischl, Sunday Cloathes, buying fruit, dated 1822Bad Ischl, church in the street
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1869
6,827
—
1880
7,678
+12.5%
1890
8,473
+10.4%
1900
9,655
+14.0%
1910
10,188
+5.5%
1923
10,224
+0.4%
1934
10,354
+1.3%
1939
10,396
+0.4%
1951
13,422
+29.1%
1961
12,703
−5.4%
1971
12,812
+0.9%
1981
12,970
+1.2%
1991
13,887
+7.1%
2001
14,081
+1.4%
2011
13,939
−1.0%
2015
13,813
−0.9%
Approximately 15% of the city's population was foreign born in 2019.
Sights
Besides the Kaiservilla, the city offers several health spas and tourist attractions, like the historic Kongresshaus opened in 1875, the new Kurhaus built by Clemens Holzmeister in 1932, as well as the Lehár Villa, the former residence of Franz Lehár, that he acquired in 1912 and today serves as a museum. The Saint Nicholas parish church was first mentioned in a 1344 deed.
Bad Ischl is also known for the Konditorei Zauner pastry shop, former k.u.k.purveyor established in 1832, and the small Lehártheater built in 1827.
A gondola lift runs from the town up to the Katrin alpine pasture at 1415 m (4643 ft), which offers a panoramic view of the Salzkammergut mountains. The ruins of Wildenstein Castle, which burnt down in 1715, are nearby.
