The constituency had the boundaries of the Arfon Westminster constituency, entirely within the preserved county of Gwynedd, which came into use, also, for the 2010 United Kingdom general election. The new constituency merged areas currently within the Caernarfon constituency and the Conwy constituency. The Caernarfon constituency was entirely within the preserved county of Gwynedd. The Conwy constituency was partly a Gwynedd constituency and partly within the preserved county of Clwyd.
In general elections for the Senedd, each voter has two votes. The first vote may be used to vote for a candidate to become the Member of the Senedd for the voter's constituency, elected by the first past the post system. The second vote may be used to vote for a regional closed party list of candidates. Additional member seats are allocated from the lists by the d'Hondt method, with constituency results being taken into account in the allocation.