Alstroemeriaceae

Alstroemeriaceae
Alstroemeria aurea in cultivation
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Alstroemeriaceae
Dumort.[1]
Type genus
Alstroemeria L.
Genera[2]

Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 254 known species in four genera,[3] almost entirely native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. One species of Luzuriaga occurs in New Zealand, and the genus Drymophila is endemic to south-eastern Australia.

The genus Alstroemeria, commonly called the Peruvian lilies, are popular florist's and garden flowers. The genus Bomarea is a vine that produces clusters of variously-colored, bell-shaped flowers.

Classification

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. The APG III system, of 2009, merged the obscure family Luzuriagaceae into the Alstroemeriaceae, since the former group included only two genera, was the sister group of the Alstroemeriaceae, and possessed the same distinctive twisted petioles.

Tribe Image Genus Species
Alstroemerieae Alstroemeria L. 1762

123 species

Bomarea Mirb., 1804

110 - 122 species

Luzuriageae Drymophila R.Br. (1810)
Luzuriaga Ruiz & Pav. 1802

Distribution

Alstroemeriaceae is distributed in tropical and temperate America, from Mexico and the Antilles to Tierra del Fuego. Luzuriageae is distributed from Peru to the Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego, New Zealand and Australia (NSW to Tasmania).

Uses

As food

Bomarea edulis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Its tubers have been used from pre-Columbian times as a food source. A single plant can have up to 20 tubers each 5 cm in diameter.

As ornamental plants

Some of the Alstroemeriaceae species used for ornamental purposes are:

  • Alstroemeria aurea: endemic to Southern Chile. Flowers in the summer. Flowers are 3–4 cm in diameter, they're yellow and orange, tinged with green.
  • Alstroemeria haemantha: endemic to Chile, especially near Valparaíso. It grown near rocks and flowers at the beginning of summer. It has red flowers that can grow up to 5 cm in diameter.
  • Alstroemeria ligtu: endemic to Chile, it grows in stoney, sand, dry soil. It flowers at the end of spring and the beginning of summer and has a height of 60 cm–1 m. Its flowers present several colours, usually lilac and pink, red or white.
  • Alstroemeria psittacina: distributed in the Brazilian swamp, Peru and the Misiones Province in Argentina. Its flowers have a length of 4–5 cm, and grow in bunches of 5 to 6 flowers. Its petals are red and green.
  • Bomarea ovallei (syn.: Leontochir ovallei): endemic to Chile, grows in stoney soil in full sunlight in the 3rd Region of Chile. It has red flowers, which can also be yellow, although rarely. They can have a diameter of up to 10 cm. It is an endangered species due to its modest distribution and its use as food by wild animals.

Other species, such as Luzuriaga radicans, also endemic to Chile, have potential as ornamental plants.

Bibliography

  • Anton Hofreiter & R. E. Rodríguez: The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and neighbouring areas, in Revistá Biología Peruana, 13 (1), 2006, p. 1-62.
  • Aagesen, L.; A. M. Sanso. (2003). "The phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, based on morphology, rps16 intron, and rbcL sequence data". Syst. Bot. 28 (58).
  • Sanso, A. M.; C. C. Xifreda (1997). "A morphological and taxonomic appraisal of the monotypic South American genus Schickendantzia (Alstroemeriaceae)". Scripta Bot. Belgica. 15 (139).
  • Chacón, J.; M. Camargo de Assis; A. W. Meerow & S. S. Renner (2012). "From east Gondwana to Central America: Historical biogeography of the Alstroemeriaceae". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (10): 1806–1818. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02749.x.

References

  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, hdl:10654/18083, archived from the original on 2017-05-25, retrieved 2010-12-10
  2. ^ "Alstroemeriaceae Dumort". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  3. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  4. ^ "Genus Drymophila". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-12-19.