Aleksey Gorchakov

Prince Aleksey Ivanovich Gorchakov
Portrait by Orest Kiprensky, 1810s
Born	(1769-05-20)May 20, 1769 Moscow
Died	December 12, 1817(1817-12-12) (aged 48) St. Petersburg
Allegiance	Russian Empire
Rank	General
Unit	Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment
Commands	Vryborg Garrison regiment
Battles / wars	Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) Polish–Russian War of 1792 Italian and Swiss expedition War of the Fourth Coalition
Awards	Order of St. George (4th class) Order of St. Vladimir (4th class)
Relations	Prince Ivan Gorchakov Prince Alexander Suvorov
Other work	Minister of Land Forces

Prince Aleksey Ivanovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алексе́й Ива́нович Горчако́в; 20 May [O.S. 31 May] 1769 – 12 December [O.S. 24 December] 1817)^[1] was a Russian general and statesman from the Gorchakov family.

Biography

Aleksey Gorchakov was a son of Prince Ivan Gorchakov and a sister of the noted Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov. Born in Moscow, he enlisted in the Life Guard Preobrazhensky Regiment in 1774, and began his service several years later in 1781.^[1] In 1786 he entered the regular army as a captain and served with distinction (as an adjudant) under his uncle Suvorov in the Turkish War of 1787–92.^[1] Gorchakov distinguished himself in the campaigns of 1789 at Akkerman, at Ochakov, the latter for which he received the Order of St. George (4th class) as well as being promoted to lieutenant colonel and becoming an adjudant to Prince Potemkin,^[1] at Kaumany, at Bender and in the campaign of 1790. In 1790 he was promoted to colonel of Azov regiment. In 1792 he fought in the Poland (Polish–Russian War of 1792) and received the Order of St. Vladimir (4th class).^[1]

Gorchakov took part as a general officer in the Italian and Swiss operations of 1799 together with general Rimsky-Korsakov.^[1] He returned to Russia afterwards, and became chef of the Neva Musketeer Regiment on 7 February 1800, while serving as the governor of Vryborg as well as the chef of the Vryborg Garrison regiment between March and August in 1800.^[2] He then served in the next war against Napoleon in Poland in 1806–1807 (Battle of Heilsberg). He succeeded Barclay de Tolly as the Minister of War in August 1812, and was promoted to general of the infantry on 11 September 1814.^[2] Removed from command in December 1815 after another accusation of "embezzlement", he took a discharge in September 1817.^[2] Aleksey Gorchakov died in December 1817 in St. Petersburg.^[2]

Family

His brother Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov (1776–1855) was a general in the Russian army who took a conspicuous part in the final campaigns against Napoleon. Their cousin Princess Pelageya Nikolayevna Gorchakova (1762–1838) was fictionalized by her grandson Leo Tolstoy in War and Peace.

Preceded by Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly

Minister of Land Forces 1812 – 1815

Succeeded by Pyotr Konovnitsyn

References

1. Mikaberidze 2005, p. 135.
2. Mikaberidze 2005, p. 136.

Sources

• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2005). Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Casemate Publishers. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-1611210026.
• This article includes content derived from the Russian Biographical Dictionary, 1896–1918.