The son of famed Boer general and later South African Prime Minister Barry Hertzog and his wife Mynie (born Neethling), Albert Hertzog was born on 4 July 1899 in his parental home, 19 Goddard Street, Bloemfontein. He was baptized on 31 August 1899 in the Moederkerk.[1] Albert had two younger brothers, Charles Dirk Neethling (born in 1904) and James Barry Munnik (born 1905).[2]
Hertzog was only three months old when the Second Boer War broke out. Initially he stayed with his mother at their home in Bloemfontein, but after four months moved in with her sister in the hamlet of Jagersfontein.[3] After the town was taken by British troops, and their house blown up by dynamite, the family was herded onto cattle trucks and taken to the concentration camp at Port Elizabeth. The Hertzog inmates in the camp included baby Albert, his mother Mynie, his paternal grandmother and a number of Albert's aunts and cousins. They lived in a thin shack of eight square meters.[4] Albert's seven-year-old cousin, Charles, died of measles only twelve days after arrival. Albert himself nearly succumbed to the disease, and was sent to relatives in Stellenbosch for care and treatment. He stayed in Stellenbosch in the house of his paternal grandfather, Charl Neethling, until the end of the war.[5] Mynie Neethling was visited by Lord Kitchener personally in the Port Elizabeth camp, where he offered her dismissal should she try and persuade her husband to lay down his arms. She refused, and was subsequently sent via ship to the Merebank camp at Durban.[6]Merebank was notorious as one of the camps with the highest fatality rates. After her internment, Mynie Hertzog was prone to illness for the rest of her life.
As toddler, Albert attended an English Catholic pre-primary school, where he heard and learnt his first English. That move seemed baffling to some, because the Calvinist and Boer patriot General Hertzog was a staunch proponent of Afrikaans language rights, especially in education.[7] In 1910, after the birth of the Union of South Africa, General Hertzog was appointed in a dual portfolio as Minister of Justice and Minister of Native Affairs. The family therefore moved to Pretoria, and occupied a house west of the Union Buildings. His father sent Albert to the Arcadia Skool, but Albert was disappointed that it had a headmistress and, though in the city, was no different to a farm school. Although only eleven years old, he left on the afternoon of his first day, and enrolled at Pretoria Boys High School.[8] After the schism between General Hertzog and Prime Minister Louis Botha, which led to Hertzog's dismissal from the cabinet, the family moved back to Bloemfontein, where Albert attended Grey College. He matriculated in 1916, having studied Dutch, English, Latin, Mathematics, and Physical Science.[9]
After returning to South Africa in 1929, Hertzog settled in Pretoria where he set up a practice as a barrister. At the same time, he was also a part-time lecturer at the University of Pretoria.
Hertzog was a supporter of Nazi Germany who sympathized with Nazi collaborator Robey Leibbrandt. He approved of Leibbrandt's "good work".[15]
When Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd was elected Prime Minister in 1958, he appointed Hertzog as a cabinet minister with the dual portfolios of Posts and Telegrams and Health. He was sworn in on 23 October 1958. During his time as minister of Posts and Telegrams, he disallowed the introduction of television in South Africa, calling it a "small bioscope".
Turmoil in the National Party
The terms verlig ("enlightened") and verkramp ("cramped") entered the Afrikaans (and later English) vernacular during the late 1960s. They were first used in a speech by prof. Willem de Klerk (son of Jan de Klerk and brother of future State President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk) on 6 October 1966, exactly a month after the assassination of Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd.[16] In his speech, De Klerk distinguished between verligte, verkrampte, and positiewe ("positive") Afrikaners. That threefold division would soon be simplified in the colloquial language to a simpler dichotomy between simply verlig and verkramp. What De Klerk called "positive Afrikaners" would then refer to what generally became known as verligte Afrikaners.[17] He described positive Afrikaners (verligtes, thus) as "purpose conscious Afrikaners". "And purpose means to recognize the enduring and the changing. The closedness and the openness. The tradition and the progression... The purpose conscious Afrikaner recognizes and appreciates the tradition, and yet he is the man of today and with a vision on tomorrow, until eternity. The Afrikaner heritage is the Afrikaner-Christendom with the Calvinistic bedrock which recognizes the authority of the Bible as revelation and guide. But also he is open to further study of Scripture and he seeks the new roads to expand his religious heritage. At the same time the Afrikaner culture is young and virile, and is still busy to form itself on many levels, without having to cut ties with the past. The Book teaches clearly that exaggerated nationalism (idolatry of the People) as well as cosmopolitism contrast with the stipulations of God. Just as ungodly is the nationalized religion, which is the same as idolatry of the People."[18]
De Klerk labeled the verkrampteAfrikaner as follows: "His fundamental axiom is: adherence to the extant, to the old ideas and customs and content is the test for being Afrikaner. He wants to lead us to rigidity; wants to exclude us from a new world; is a negativist. Also, he is ruled by the need to criticize. He is creative in his ability to sow distrust; hardened in the handling of one-sided slogans to generate witch hunts everywhere; accomplished in the technique of quibbling. He is without consideration and mercy, unwilling to converse, fanatic and extremist to enforce his opinion on a matter. He wants to forcefully push our youth into one-sidedness; haughty, stubborn self-preservation."[19]
The verlig-verkramp-strife came to the fore after the assassination of Hendrik Verwoerd. Differences that had existed for a number of years began to manifest publicly, especially in the early days of new premierJohn Vorster's term.[20]
Leader of the Herstigte Nasionale Party (1969–1977)
After he was ousted from the National Party, he formed and led a new party called, the Herstigte Nasionale Party on 24 October 1969.[21]
Election results of the HNP in the House of Assembly under Dr. Albert Hertzog's leadership
Hertzog decided to retire as leader of the HNP in 1977, and gave his farewell address on 27 May of that year. He officially retired on 28 May 1977, and was followed by Jaap Marais as party leader. During his retirement, Hertzog could devote more time to his numerous business endeavours and his hobby of gardening. In a press interview in 1979 he opined as follows: "In my view our political landscape is developing in the direction of a large, new conservative party which will consist of different people who are still currently trying to tread their own path. It can be a party consisting of the Treurnicht people in the NP, the Connie Mulder people, the HNP and definitely also conservative English speakers".[24] This proved to be prophetic, as in 1982 a massive split occurred within the ruling National Party, and the Conservative Party came into being, with Andries Treurnicht as leader.
Death, funeral and legacy
Hertzog died on 5 November 1982 during an emergency operation for a burst aorta.[25] His funeral was held on 11 November 1982, in the NG Kerk in Waterkloof, and the service led by prof. Adriaan Pont. He was then laid to rest in the family cemetery on the farm Waterval, in the district of Witbank, next to his wife Katie, and close to his parents.[26]
Private life
Hertzog met Katherine Marjorie Whiteley, a South African born English girl in Oxford in 1926. They became engaged in 1927 and were married on 22 July 1933 in NG Kerk in Irene. Under Hertzog's tutorage, Katie, as she was known, became fluent in Afrikaans, and spoke it without any trace of an accent. Katie died of heart failure on 25 February 1970. The marriage of 37 years did not produce any children. Hertzog met the widow Martha Maria ("Martie") Viljoen (born Duvenage) in 1973, and married her in October 1977. She survived him when he died in 1982.
Even into his seventies, Hertzog kept a strict exercise regimen. He used no alcohol, and while he entertained visitors to his office on coffee or tea, he himself only drank whey, which he carried in a flask.[27] Even among political opponents he was known for his polite manners and gentlemanly posture.[28] Hertzog's house in Waterkloof was referred to as "An Alladin's cave of historic memories" by the Pretoria News. Mentioned in the article were an antique coper canon, a DutchStatenbijbel dating from 1748, a medicine cabinet dating from the era of Jan van Riebeeck, and oak dating from an 18th-century ship.[29] Hertzog collected, aloes, succulents and rare cycads, some of which were over a thousand years old.[30] He served as the Honorary President of the South African Aloe and Succulent Society for a number of years, until he resigned in 1972.[31]
Political views
He has been described as a nationalist Afrikaner and an "ultra-conservative".[32] Hertzog referred to television as “the evil box" because he regarded the new media as a negative influence on society throughout the world.[33]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Albert Hertzog
16. Johannes Mattheus Hertzog (1737–1812) a1b1[49]
31. Susanna Geertruida de Villiers (1786–1861) a1b12c5d10[64]
Publications
Books
Die Calvinistiese toespraak van dr. A. Hertzog, L.V., Pretoria: Herstigte Nasionale Party, 1970.
Waarheen Suid-Afrika?: Oproep tot die stryd, Pretoria: M.M. Hertzog, 1985, ISBN0-620-07794-8.
Further reading
Naudé, Louis (1969). Dr. A. Hertzog, die Nasionale Party en die mynwerker. Pretoria: Nasionale Raad van Trustees.
Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970). Die verkrampte aanslag. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau. ISBN9781868422456.
Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
References
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^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 11. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 12–13. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 13. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 13–14. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 18–19. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 23. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 30. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 41–42. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Pretorius, Estelle (2001). Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing. Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 42. ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 59. ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 84. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 59. ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
^Heese, J.A. (2007). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 15: Vis-Wal. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 334. ISBN978-0-7972-1175-9.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 738. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 83. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (1998). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 2:D-G. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 810. ISBN0-7969-0752-8.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 58. ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 449. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2007). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 15: Vis-Wal. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 333. ISBN978-0-7972-1175-9.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5a: L. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 270. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2006). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 14: Va-Vir. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 289. ISBN0-7972-1087-3.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 738. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (1998). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 2:D-G. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 194. ISBN0-7969-0752-8.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 81. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 81. ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
^Heese, J.A. (1998). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 2:D-G. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 810. ISBN0-7969-0752-8.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; Joubert, Pauletta; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (2004). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 11: Scho-Sny. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 428. ISBN0-7972-1031-8.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 58. ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
^Heese, J.A. (2006). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 14: Va-Vir. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 382. ISBN0-7972-1087-3.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 450. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 4: J-K. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 261. ISBN0-7969-1491-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2007). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 15: Vis-Wal. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 333. ISBN978-0-7972-1175-9.
^Heese, J.A. (2007). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 1: A-C. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 310. ISBN978-0-7969-0370-9.
^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5a: L. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 327. ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
^Heese, J.A. (2006). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.). Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 14: Va-Vir. Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 512. ISBN0-7972-1087-3.
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Silliman UniversityCollege of Business AdministrationTypePrivate business schoolEstablished1938LocationHibbard Avenue, Dumaguete, PhilippinesWebsitewww.su.edu.ph The Silliman University College of Business Administration is one of the constituent colleges of Silliman University, a private research university found in Dumaguete, Philippines. The College was established in 1938 in the same year Silliman acquired university status. When the College opened, it offered courses in accounting, secre...
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Imam SoetopoWali Kota SurakartaMasa jabatan9 Januari 1995 – 12 Januari 2000PendahuluH. R. HartomoPenggantiTedjo Suminto (penjabat)Slamet Suryanto Informasi pribadiLahir1940/1941Meninggal11 Juli 2022 (usia 81)rumah sakit kasih ibu, surakarta, jawa tengahKarier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1965—199?Pangkat KolonelSatuanInfanteriSunting kotak info • L • B Kolonel Inf. (Purn.) Imam Soetopo (1940/1941 – 11 Juli 2022) merupaka...
العلاقات التوفالية الميانمارية توفالو ميانمار توفالو ميانمار تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات التوفالية الميانمارية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين توفالو وميانمار.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ا...
إدوارد آبي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 29 يناير 1927[1][2][3] إنديانا (بنسيلفانيا)[3] الوفاة 14 مارس 1989 (62 سنة) [1][2] توسان، أريزونا مواطنة الولايات المتحدة الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة إدنبرةجامعة نيومكسيكو (الشهادة:بكالوريوس في الفنون) (–1951...
Webcomic ZooPhobiaAuthor(s)Vivienne MedranoWebsitehttps://zoophobiacomic.com/Current status/scheduleEndedLaunch dateJuly 3, 2012[1]End dateMarch 19, 2016Genre(s)Fantasy, slice of life, comedy horror ZooPhobia is an American webcomic originally published in 2012 by Vivienne Medrano, from which she later loosely adapted characters and plotlines for her animated web and television series Hazbin Hotel and Helluva Boss.[2][3][1] It follows a young woman named Camero...
Кредитна спілклужбовців України (КС «КСВУ») — неприбуткова організація, що спеціалізується на наданні кредитів військовослужбовцям та іншим громадянам. Зміст 1 Історія КС «КСВУ» 2 Специфіка діяльності КС «КСВУ» 3 Особливості КС «КСВУ» 4 Витяги з «Програми першочергових ...
2013 studio album by Haruka TomatsuSunny Side StoryStudio album by Haruka TomatsuReleased 16 January 2013GenrePopLabelSony MusicHaruka Tomatsu chronology Rainbow Road(2010) Sunny Side Story(2013) 'Harukarisk*Land'(2015) Sunny Side Story is the second studio album from Japanese singer and voice actress Haruka Tomatsu, released on 16 January 2013. Two editions of the album were released: a standard version containing the music CD, and a special edition containing the CD as well as a DVD...
Nazi coverup of the Holocaust that fooled the Red Cross During World War II, the Theresienstadt concentration camp was used by the Nazi SS (German: Schutzstaffel) as a model ghetto[1] for fooling Red Cross representatives about the ongoing Holocaust and the Nazi plan to murder all Jews. The Nazified German Red Cross visited the ghetto in 1943 and filed the only accurate report on the ghetto, describing overcrowding and undernourishment. In 1944, the ghetto was beautified in preparatio...