Agency for Defense Development

Agency for Defense Development

국방과학연구소 Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso
Headquarters in Yuseong District, Daejeon
Agency overview
Formed	6 August 1970; 54 years ago (1970-08-06)
Preceding agency	Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute (July 1954–July 1961)[1][2]
Jurisdiction	Government of South Korea
Headquarters	160, Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea 36.4184077°N 127.3225271°E / 36.4184077; 127.3225271
Motto	"Defending our nation with the strength of our own science and technology!"[3]
Employees	3,432 (2023)[4]
Annual budget	₩1.485 trillion US$1.188 billion (2022)[5]
Agency executives	Park Jong-seung, Director Jung Jin-gyeong, Deputy Director
Parent department	Defense Acquisition Program Administration
Website	Official ADD website in English Official ADD website in Korean

The Agency for Defense Development (ADD, Korean: 국방과학연구소; Hanja: 國防科學硏究所; RR: Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso) is the South Korean government agency for research and development in defense technology, funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by President Park Chung Hee.^[6]

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defence, to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering the domestic defense industry. ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missile Nike Hercules Korea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.^[7]

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite, ANASIS-II, launched on 20 July 2020 by a Falcon 9 rocket.^[8]

History

President Park Chung-hee inspects prototypes developed in ADD at the Military Equipment Exhibition on 3 April 1972

Agency for Defense Development
Hangul	국방과학연구소
Hanja	國防科學硏究所
Revised Romanization	Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso
McCune–Reischauer	Kukpang Kwahak Yŏn'guso

ADD's history of research and development

After the three-year Korean War, which ended in an armistice rather than an end-of-war agreement, South Korea and North Korea were in conflict during the Cold War. Since the Mutual Defense Treaty signed in October 1953, South Korea has been making efforts to rebuild its economy while receiving military aid from the United States.^[9] Despite military aid from the U.S. and abroad, in July 1954, Rhee Syng-man, then the first president of the South Korean government, established the Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute to foster independent defense production capabilities, and the South Korean government's attempt to produce its own military supplies has contributed to the localization of military supplies such as military food, combat uniforms, and defense components that relied solely on foreign aid.^[1][2]

After the Nixon Doctrine announced on July 25, 1969, about 20,000 U.S. troops in South Korea withdrew, creating an atmosphere of reconciliation between the United States and the Eastern Bloc. President Park Chung-hee, who has been in power since December 1963, believed that the withdrawal of Nixon Doctrine and U.S. troops from South Korea would weaken the military power of South Korea, which relied on the U.S., and North Korea's military provocations against the South, which began in the late 1960s, surged further, and the South Korean government began to feel the need for self-reliant national defense, which did not rely on U.S. military aid. Later, in August 1970, the Agency for Defense Development was established, and in November of the following year, it started an independent defense development project called the Basic Weapon Emergency Prototype Development.^[9][10]

However, in the 1970s, South Korea had poor basic industries and systems to develop and stably produce military equipment. In 1973, the South Korean government designated heavy and chemical industries such as steel, machinery, chemicals, and Petroleum as national strategic industries to foster basic industries. Later, in February 1974, the eight-year military construction defense plan (군사력 건설 국방 8개년 계획), called Yulgok Project, began, which included plans to strengthen the South Korean military's power.^[9][10][11]

Organization

Audit department^[12][13]

• Director
• Defense industry technology support center

Deputy director^[12][13]

• Policy Planning Department
• Research Planning Department
• Academy of Defense Science and Technology
• Ground Technology Research Institute
• Maritime Technology Research Institute
• Aerospace Technology Research Institute
• Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation
• 1st Research and Development Institute
• 2nd Research and Development Institute
• 3rd Research and Development Institute
• 4th Research and Development Institute
• 5th Research and Development Institute
• Institute of Defense Advanced Technology Research
• Defense Rapid Acquisition Technology Research Institute
• Research Support Headquarters
• Safety and Security Center

Major research and development projects

Development programs for defense technology are categorized into basic research and development, key technology R&D, civil-military technology cooperation, and essential parts, software development and technology demonstration of new concepts. Almost all major development projects are collaborating with ADD and South Korean defense company, most of the key technologies are developed under the initiative of the ADD, and private defense companies are responsible for the development of the remaining sub-technology and the production of essential parts and finished products.^[14]

Infantry weapon

• K1 selective-fire assault rifle
• K2 assault rifle
• K3 light machine gun
• K4 automatic grenade launcher
• K7 silenced submachine gun

Missile systems^[15]

• Hycore hypersonic cruise missile system
• Poniard (Bigung) 2.75-inch in diameter guided rocket system
• K136 Kooryong 36 extended multiple rocket launcher system
  • Biryong (Flying Dragon) short range ship-to-ship guided weapon system based on K136
• K239 Chunmoo self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system
• AT-1K Raybolt (Hyeongung) medium range infantry missile system
• LAH-AGM (Taipers) air-to-ground guided missile system
• K745A1 Red Shark (Hongsangeo) anti-submarine missile system
• SSM-700K C-Star (Haeseong-I) subsonic anti-ship cruise missile system
  • SSM-710K (Haeseong-II) enhanced cruise missile system
    • SSM-750K (Haeseong-III) enhanced cruise missile system
• Korean supersonic anti-ship cruise missile system^[16][17]
• Haeryong (Sea Dragon) tactical ship-launched land attack missile based on the Haeseong I
• Ure (KTSSM) tactical surface-to-surface missile system
• Hyunmoo ballistic missile system

Missile defense systems^[18]

• KP-SAM (Chiron) manportable surface-to-air missile system
• K-SAM (Pegasus) short-range surface-to-air missile system based on Crotale R440 missile system
• KM-SAM (Cheongung-I) medium-range surface-to-air missile system based on technology from the 9M96 missile used on S-350E and S-400 missile systems
  • KM-SAM Block-II (Cheongung-II) enhanced medium-range surface-to-air missile system
• K-SAAM (Haegung) short range ship-based surface-to-air missile system
• L-SAM long-range multi-layered missile defense system

Ground weapon systems^[19]

• KH178 105 mm towed howitzer
• KH179 155 mm towed howitzer
• K9 Thunder 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• K2 Black Panther main battle tank
• K21 infantry fighting vehicle
• K200 infantry fighting vehicle
• K30 Biho self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
• Korean Amphibious Assault Vehicle-II (KAAV-II)
• Unmanned Serveillance Vehicle
• K-NBC reconnaissance vehicle
• High energy laser
• KAPS hard-kill active protection system

Maritime and underwater weapon systems^[20]

• Korean Vertical Launching System (K-VLS)
• Harbor Underwater Surveillance System (HUSS)
• Towed Array Sonar System (TASS)
• Torpedo Acoustic Counter Measure (TACM)
• Incheon-class frigate (FFG) sonar system
• KDX-III batch-II (DDG) integrated sonar system
• Jangbogo-III class (KSS-III) batch-I combat system
• Jangbogo-III class (KSS-III) batch-I sonar system
• Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) combat system
• Yoon Youngha-class patrol vessel (PKG) combat system
• Ulsan-class frigate (FF) batch-I combat system
• Ulsan-class frigate (FF) batch-III combat system
• Dolgorae-class (Dolphin) midget submarine
• Multi-Mission Unmanned Surface Vehicle (MMUSV)
• Nobong 40 mm twin naval cannon developed in 1996 to replace the OTO Melara DARDO CIWS of the Republic of Korea Navy
• K731 White Shark (Baek sang eo) heavy anti-submarine torpedo
• K745 Blue Shark (Cheong sang eo) light anti-submarine torpedo
• K761 Tiger Shark (Beom sang eo) heavy anti-submarine torpedo

Aircraft and UAV systems^[21]

• KF-21 (Boramae) 4.5 generation fighter aircraft exploratory development
• KUH-1 (Surion) medium transport helicopter mission equipment package
• KT-1 (Woongbi) basic trainer
  • KA-1 tactical control aircraft
• KGGB (Korean Guided GPS Bomb) precision guided glide bomb
• RQ-101 (Songgolmae) corps level reconnaissance UAV
• NCUAV next-generation reconnaissance UAV that is being jointly developed with Korea Aerospace Industries
• KUS-FS multipurpose medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle
• LAH (Light Armed Helicopter) exploratory development
• Graphite bomb

Surveillance and reconnaissance systems^[22]

• Radar for land systems
• KF-21 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar
• Ulsan-class frigate batch-I AESA Radar
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for KUS-FS
• Korean Commander's Panoramic Sight (KCPS) for K1A1
• Korean Gunner's Primary Sight (KGPS) for K2 Black Panther
• Sight system for K21 infantry fighting vehicle
• Thermal Observation Device (TOD)
• Electro-Optical Tracking System (EOTS) for PKG combat system
• Infrared Search and Track (IRST) for shipborne systems
• Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) system for KUH-1
• Tactical Electro-Optical and Infrared reconnaissance system (Tac-EO/IR)
• Electro-Optical and Infrared system for KUS-FS
• Electro-Optical and Infrared system for NCUAV
• Infrared camera for satellites
• Multi-sensor and multi-source imagery fusion system

Command and control and information warfare systems^[23]

• Tactical Information Communications Network (TICN)
• Joint Tactical Data Link System (JTDLS)
• Air Defense Command Control and Alert (ADC2A) system
• Airborne ELINT pod system
• Tactical communication electronic warfare (EW) system-II (TLQ-200K)
• Airborne electronic countermeasure (ECM) pod system (ALQ-200)
• Shipboard electronic warfare system (SLQ-200K)
• Advanced SIGINT aircraft system

Space technologies^[24]

• Reconnaissance space-based surveillance and reconnaissance system
• Small satellite system
• Military satellite communication system-I
  • Military satellite communication system-II

Core technologies^[25]

• Seeker
• Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR)
• Optical Phased Array-Based LADAR
• Navigation technology
• Micromachined inertial sensors
• Fibre-Optic Gyroscope (FOG)
• Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope (HRG)
• Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG)
• Star tracker
• Terrain Referenced Navigation
• Ground-Based Radio System (GRNS)
• Anti-jamming technology
• Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Jamming
• Rocket propulsion
• Ramjet propulsion
• Engine Technology (subsonic gas Turbine and high speed) for missiles and UAV
• Defense materials
• Fuel cells and special batteries
• Underwater acoustic sensor
• Hyperspectral image equipment
• EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) technology
• Directional Infrared Countermeasure (DIRCM)
• High Energy Material (HEM)
• Ballistic protection technology
• Precision-guided munition
• Railgun
• Dual barrel air-burst technology for XK13 25 mm OCSW, Cancelled in 2013.
• Warrior platform
• AI-based autonomy technology
• Autonomous tunnel exploration robot
• Rescue robot
• Tailless demonstrator UAV for KUS-FC Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
• Unmanned Combat Compound Rotorcraft (UCCR)
• Anti-Submarine Warfare Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (ASWUUV)
• Supercavitating torpedo
• Cyber security technologies
• Verification of chemical warfare agents
• Detoxification technology

Future technologies^[26]

• Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Blockchain
• Internet of Military Things (IoMT)
• Quantum technology
• Photonic radar technology
• Atomic technology
• Terahertz technology
• Perovskite solar cell (PSC)
• Self-generated electrostatic energy
• Synthetic biology
• Meta-material for stealth technology
• Biomimetic robot
• Swarming unmanned system technology
• Boost phase interceptor
• Counter long-range artillery interceptor system
• Intelligent self-learning-based autonomous jamming
• Centralized sequential kill-chain

See also

• Defense industry of South Korea

References

1. "이승만 정권 시기 과학정책과 국방부 과학연구소 중견관리의 행정경험". The Archives of Korean History. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
2. Moon Man-yong (2015). "Understanding Compressed Growth of Science and Technology in South Korea: Focusing on Public Research Institutes". The Korean Journal for the History of Science. 37 (2). The Korean History of Science Society: 431–453. ISSN 1229-7895.
3. "Mission & Vision". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
4. "3. 임직원 수". Ministry of Economy and Finance. 2023. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
5. "국방기술 연구개발 투자 1조 원 시대를 열다". Defense Acquisition Program Administration. 6 September 2021. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
6. Kwon, Peter (2023). "Defender of the Nation, Champion of Science: The Agency for Defense Development as a Nexus for the Technological Transformation of South Korea". Journal of Korean Studies. 28 (1): 59–90. doi:10.1215/07311613-10213182. S2CID 258279383.
7. Mistry, Dinshaw (2003). Containing Missile Proliferation: Strategic Technology, Security Regimes, and International Cooperation in Arms Control. University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295985077.
8. Anasis 2 (KMilSatCom 1)
9. "1970년대 방위산업 육성 : 자주국방의 토대 구축". National Museum of Korean Contemporary History. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
10. Choi Sungbin, Ko Byungsung and Lee Hoseok (2010). "The Development Process & Achievement of the Korean Defense Industry for Last 40 Years". Korea Institute for Defense Analyses. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
11. "중화학공업 (重化學工業)". Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
12. "조직도". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
13. "국방과학연구소 (國防科學硏究所)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
14. "Defense Technology R&D". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
15. "Missile Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
16. "ADD, SLBM 잠수함 최초 발사시험 성공". Ministry of National Defense. 15 September 2021. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
17. Jung Bit-na (28 February 2022). "'안보불안' 우려했나…정부·군, L-SAM 등 무기영상 이례적 공개(종합)". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
18. "Missile Defense Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
19. "Ground Weapon Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
20. "Maritime/Underwater Weapon Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
21. "Aircraft and UAV Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
22. "Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
23. "Command and Control/Information Warfare Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
24. "Space Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
25. "Core Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
26. "Future Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

• "Missile Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022.
• "Missile Defense Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Ground Weapon Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Maritime/Underwater Weapon Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Aircraft and UAV Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Command and Control/Information Warfare Systems". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Space Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022.
• "Core Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
• "Future Technologies". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.

External links