This is a partial list of notable accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated-designed B-24 Liberator. Combat losses are not included except for some cases denoted by singular circumstances. Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express and PB4Y Privateers are also included.
The first British Consolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL503, on its acceptance flight for delivery from the cat company Consolidated Aircraft Company plant at San Diego, California, crashed into San Diego Bay when the flight controls froze. All five of the civilian crew were killed. The flight engineer, Army Reserve 2nd Lt. Bruce Kilpatrick Craig, was posthumously commissioned into the Army Air Corps, and on 25 August 1941 the airfield in his hometown was renamed Craig Field, later Craig Air Force Base.[3] Investigation into the cause of the accident resulted in a two-month delay in deliveries, so the Royal Air Force (RAF) did not begin receiving Liberator IIs until August 1941.
Consolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL601, was destroyed,[4] resulting in the deaths of 14 army flyers when the aircraft struck a hilltop as it circled for an emergency landing. Shortly after takeoff, the plane developed an unspecified mechanical issue, which the pilot reported to nearby Hamilton field, California, asking the tower to clear a runway. As the plane approached the field, it suddenly lost altitude and crashed into a hillside on the Herzog ranch, 3 miles (4.8 km) NW of Hamilton field.[5]
Consolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL527, of the 38th Bomb Squadron, 30th Bomb Group, flown by 1st Lt. Robert K. Murphy[citation needed] departed March Field, California, and struck the top of a low knoll two miles (3.2 km) west of the field. It was destroyed in two explosions that initial reports described as bombs going off, though no bombs were loaded for the training flight. Nine crew died.[8]
11 October 1942
B-24D-1-CO, 41-23647, c/n 442, the eighth block 1 airframe,[9] of the 469th Bomb Squadron, 333d Bomb Group, based at Topeka Army Airfield, Kansas, piloted by Ralph M. Dienst, suffered engine failure and crashed into a hillside three miles (4.8 km) west of the base.[citation needed] Eight people were killed and one critically injured. Army officers stated that the plane was on a routine flight.[10]
6 January 1943
At 1735 Central War Time three miles (4.8 km) west of White City, Kansas, a B-24D-13-CO, 41-23961, c/n 756, of the 469th Bomb Squadron, 333d Bomb Group, out of Topeka Army Air Base, piloted by Robert Clyne, suffered a catastrophic structural failure due to ice. All were killed instantly except for Lt Maleckas, who escaped by parachute.[citation needed]
B-24D-1-CO, 41-23728, "Hot Stuff", of the 330th Bomb Squadron, 93d Bomb Group, 8th Air Force,[citation needed] out of RAF Bovingdon, England, crashed on Mt. Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes peninsula after an aborted attempt to land at RAF Kaldadarnes, Iceland. Thirteen were killed in the crash including Lt. Gen. Frank Andrews and six of his staff; only tail gunner SSgt George A. Eisel survived. Andrews was the highest-ranking Allied officer to die in the line of duty at that point in the war,[13] and was on an inspection tour[citation needed] as Commander of US Forces, European Theatre of Operations. Andrews Field (later Andrews Air Force Base) was named for him on 7 February 1945.[14][15] It appears that "Hot Stuff" was the first heavy bomber to successfully complete 25 missions when it bombed Naples on 7 February 1943, despite the publicity given the "Memphis Belle" and "Hell's Angels" of the 303d Bomb Group. The bomber had been on the first leg of a trip to the United States for a war bond tour when it was lost.[16]
20 May 1943
B-24E-5-FO, 42-7053, c/n 77, of the 1014th Pilot Transition Training Squadron, Tarrant Army Airfield, Texas, departed the field at 0650 CWT, piloted by David S. Alter.[citation needed] At approximately 1145, the aircraft struck the side of a 20-million-cubic-foot (570,000 m3) gas storage tank[17] of the Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company at 3625 73rd Street and Central Park Avenue, approximately two miles (3.2 km) SE of Municipal Airport, Chicago, Illinois. All 12 crew were killed. Approaching the airport from the southwest in light rain, light fog and light smoke, with a 500-foot ceiling and .75 miles visibility, the bomber circled the field to the north and east, and was on a southern heading when it struck the approximately 500-foot-tall (150 m) tank at the 125-foot level, initially with the left wingtip. Much of the forward fuselage fell inside the tank structure which exploded, throwing steel plate over 300 feet (91 m) with heat felt over a mile away. Nine employees were on the grounds but none were injured. Four United Airlines flights had rejected landings at the airport between 0957 and 1027 due to conditions, and continued to Milwaukee.[18][19] The storage tank had been largest of its type in the world, erected in 1928 at a cost of $2 million, according to a Chicago Daily Tribune account; it was not rebuilt.[citation needed]
RAFConsolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL523, crashed on takeoff from RAF North Front, Gibraltar, killing the exiled Polish Prime Minister Władysław Sikorski, together with his daughter, his Chief of Staff Tadeusz Klimecki, and seven others. Only pilot Eduard Prchal (1911–1984) survived. The flight departed at 2307 hrs. and crashed into the sea after only 16 seconds of flight. Sikorski had tirelessly worked to promote the Polish cause and there were rumours that his death was not accidental. He had broken off relations with the Soviet Union on 26 April due to the Katyn massacre and his death was convenient for Stalin and the western Allies who were trying to preserve good relations with Russia.
8 August 1943
Consolidated RB-24E Liberator, 42-7159, c/n 183, built as a B-24E-15-FO and redesignated in the Restricted category,[citation needed] of the 605th Bomb Squadron, 399th Bomb Group, Wendover Field, piloted by Herbert Williams, Jr., experienced engine failure[citation needed] and crashed on U.S. 40-50 several miles east of Wendover, Utah. The aircraft slid across the highway and hit railroad tracks, coming to rest 100 feet (30 m) on the opposite side. 10 to 15 minutes later, a westbound freight train encountered the scattered wreckage and a spread rail. Three freight cars derailed with twenty-six more piling together.[clarification needed] Two hundred feet (61 m) of the railroad was torn up, and a rail official estimated damage to train and freight at $200,000.[20] The trainmen helped the injured fliers escape from the wreckage.[21] Ten were injured, some critically, and co-pilot 2nd Lt. Richard L. Blue died at Wendover Field's hospital.[20] The bomber did not burn.[22] The locomotives powering the freight were an EMD FTA-FTB semi-permanently coupled pair.[20][relevant?]
30 August 1943
B42 Liberator, 42-7468, crashed shortly after take-off from RAF Burtonwood in north-west England. All nine onboard died.[23]
2 September 1943
Consolidated B-24E-25-FO Liberator, 42-7237, c/n 261,[citation needed] of the 703d Bomb Squadron, 445th Bomb Group, crashed on a routine training flight, killing all 10 crew members. The crash occurred 5 miles (8 km) from Sioux City air base according to the Associated Press,[24] and 1 mile east of the base according to the crash report.[citation needed]
Two Consolidated B-24H Liberators of the 724th Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 451st Bomb Group (Heavy), from Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska,[citation needed] collided while flying in a formation of four B-24Hs during a training flight[29] at 20,000 feet (6,100 m) The bombers crashed in agricultural fields, one 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Milligan, Nebraska, and the other 3.6 miles (5.8 km) NE of Milligan. All eight crew died aboard B-24H-1-FO, 42-7657, while the sole survivor of ten crew on B-24H-1-FO, 42-7673,[citation needed] was copilot 2nd Lt. Melvin Klein, who was thrown free of the wreckage and deployed his parachute.[citation needed] A Nebraska historical marker was erected in 2010 near Milligan.[30]
B-24D-165-CO, 42-72887,[34] c/n 2447,[citation needed] of Biggs Field, Texas, made a crash landing 30 miles (48 km) north of Biggs following mechanical failure.[citation needed] (An Associated Press wire report gave the location as "about 35 miles north of El Paso.") Seven crew were killed and one critically injured.[35]
22 January 1944
Two RB-24Es of B-24 replacement training units 355th Bomb Squadron, 302d Bomb Group, Langley Field, Virginia, collided on a local flight. B-24E-25-CF (as built), 41-29075, c/n 67, flown by Howard R. Cosgrove, crashed and burned, killing all seven on board. B-24E-25-FO (as built), 42-7420, c/n 444,[citation needed] piloted by Carlos N. Clayton,[36] crash landed in a swamp; despite the aircraft being virtually demolished, none of its eight crew members suffered serious injury.[37]
RB-24E, 41-28525[citation needed] of the 302nd Bombardment Group, of Chatham Field, Georgia, crashed during a flight en-route to Grand Bahama Island, Florida, near dusk. Having a failure of engine No. 2, the pilot, 2nd Lt. Richard E. Kelly, radioed the Melbourne Naval Air Station for emergency approach. However, he came in high and to the right of the runway on his first attempt. While making a left hand climb out to attempt a second landing, the aircraft suffered a second engine failure and plummeted into a railroad embankment, exploding on impact at approximately 21:35 hrs, narrowly avoiding a base housing block. While killing ten of the eleven men aboard, miraculously, the co-pilot, Lt. Basil R. Huntress, was thrown out of the cockpit and survived, but with serious injuries. He was medically discharged shortly after.[39] The No.1 engine was thrown forward of the wreck and investigators found it had damaged bearings along with engine No.2. Basil Huntress, was interviewed in 1995 by Florida Today, when he returned to the crash site. He passed away on 19 May 2010. (Link to actual interview cannot be found)
9 April 1944
B-24D-135-CO, 42-41128, c/n 2203,[citation needed] of the 420th AAF Base Unit, March Field, California, crashed in a weather-related accident 3 miles (4.8 km) SW of Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station Mojave,[citation needed] California, while on a routine training flight to simulate a long-range bombing mission. All ten crew members were killed.[40] The crash site was rediscovered in 2005.
11 April 1944
B-24H-25-FO, 42-95064, crashed while flying from Waller Field, Trinidad, to Belem, Brazil. Its last reported contact was at 0905 hrs., when a ground station in Brazil relayed a requested weather report to the aircraft. Decades later, the crash site was discovered in dense jungle 170 miles (270 km) NW of Macapa and 345 miles (555 km) NW of Belem. A three-week recovery effort by Army Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii (CILHI), with assistance from a FAB (Brazilian Air Force) team and a EB (Brazilian Army) team, found two sets of dog tags and numerous bone fragments. The remains of the crew were interred under a group headstone at Arlington National Cemetery on 20 February 1998.[41]
A Royal Air Force Liberator B Mark VI EW-148 en route to Britain via Gander, Newfoundland, crashed into the Griffintown neighborhood in downtown Montreal, Quebec, minutes after taking off from Dorval Airport. The five-member RAF Ferry Command crew and ten civilians on the ground were killed, and a large fire destroyed at least 10 homes. Witnesses described seeing part of the tail detached at low altitude as the aircraft apparently tried to reach the river. The crew included three members of the Polish Air Force.[42]
29 April 1944
Consolidated RB-24E Liberator, 41-28413, flying back to base at Kirtland Field, Albuquerque, New Mexico after a brief stop-over at Glenview Air Field, Chicago, Illinois. While overflying Nebraska, and due to bad weather, the aircraft went out of control and crashed in a canyon located some 15 miles southwest of Merna. All 10 occupants were killed.[43] Capt. Virgil D Anderson – Capt. Stanley M Foster – 2nd Lt. Frank L Brown – 2nd Lt. Warren C Karas – 2nd Lt. Charles F Piel – Flt. Off. Rollin E Ryburn – S/Sgt. Eugene D Rydstedt – Flt. Eng. Cpl. Adam Joseph Kochan – Pvt. Edward J Jacobs – Pvt. Bruno C Oskar.
5 May 1944
B-24J Liberator, SN: 44-40332, crashed early in the morning after departing from Hickam Field on a replacement mission en-route to the 5th AF. Shortly after take off, they failed to make a turn and crashed into Pu'u Uau Ridge in the Ko'olau mountains on Oahu, Hawaii. Some of the wreckage is still visible along the Aiea Loop Trail within the Keaiwa Heiau State Recreation Area. All ten aviators perished serving their country. Their names were 2 Lt W R Kimble, 2 Lt C E Mueller, S Sgt J J Dowd, 2 Lt W E Somsel Jr, Sgt J H Means, Cpl G L Weiss, Cpl M F Campos, 2 Lt M Righthand, S Sgt M F Norman, Cpl J J Carlucci.
8 June 1944
C-87-CF Liberator Express, 41-24006, c/n 801, crashed during attempted belly-landing at Station 4, Jorhat, India. The pilot was Lawrence C. Ackerson.
15 June 1944
B-24J, 44-40564, crashed while attempting night landing at Abadan, Iran. Pilot Dealma Lurry.[44]
15 July 1944
B-24J-5-FO Liberator, 42-50871, of the 272d Base Unit, Topeka AAF, Kansas, crashed one mile NW of Ashville, New York,[citation needed] killing all five crew.[45][46] The Aviation Archaeological Investigation and Research website indicates that the bomber was involved in a mid-air collision, but provides no further details, and no other aircraft appear in accident report listings at this location and date.
A United States Army Air Forces (AAF) B-24H-20-CF, 42-50291, "Classy Chassis II", crashed into a school at Freckleton, Lancashire, England, at 1047 hrs. after aborting a landing at Warton Aerodrome. 20 adults, 38 children and the 3-man crew were killed. In addition to a memorial in the village churchyard, a marker was placed at the site of the accident in 2007.[47]
15 September 1944
A U.S. AAF TB-24J Liberator, 42-50890 (built as a B-24J-5-FO and converted),[citation needed] of the 3007th AAF Base Unit, Kirtland Field,[citation needed] crashed, killing all eight crew members. The aircraft was en route from Bakersfield, California, to Kirtland Field, New Mexico, when it flew off-course and crashed into a boulder field near the top of Humphreys Peak, 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona, at about 0330 hrs. The location is nearly inaccessible and has been left undisturbed.[48]
18 October 1944
A U.S. AAF B-24H-20-CF, 42-50347, broke-up in mid-air over the town of Birkenhead, England. The aircraft was on a flight from New York to Liverpool and the accident killed all 24 airmen on board.[49]
24 October 1944
U.S. Navy Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 59394, of VPB-106,[50] out of NAAS Camp Kearney, California, became lost in bad weather on a long-range training mission, ran out of fuel and ditched in the Gulf of California. Eleven crew, two female Marines, and the squadron canine mascot all evacuated the bomber as it rapidly sank.[51] The party made their way to a deserted island near the eastern coast of Baja California, subsisting on raw fish and clams until they were rescued by Mexican fishermen four days later.[52]
22 November 1944
PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo59544, on a pre-delivery test flight by company crew out of Lindbergh Field, San Diego, California, lost its port outer wing on climb-out and crashed in a ravine less than two miles (3.2 km) from point of lift-off. All crew were killed. The wing panel came down on a home at 3121 Kingsley Street in Loma Portal.[relevant?] The cause was found to be 98 missing bolts, with only 4 spar bolts holding the wing. Four employees were fired and Consolidated Vultee was found guilty of gross negligence.[53]: 31–33
24 November 1944
A U.S. AAF B-24H, 42-95133 'Lady Jane', was returning from a practice mission, and making a second attempt at an instrument approach landing to RAF Horsham St Faith (AAF Station 123) when it clipped the 'steeple' (actually a tower) of St Philip's Church, Heigham Road, Norwich, and crashed in Norwich City railway station goods yard. The accident killed all 9 airmen on board.[54]
30 November 1944
Two B-24J-35-CO Liberators,[citation needed]42-73344 and 42-73357, of the 233d Combat Crew Training Squadron,[citation needed] flying out of Davis–Monthan Army Air Base, collided on a training mission NE of Tucson, Arizona. All eighteen airmen died. The crash occurred in the desert over a major natural drainage canal known as the Pantano Wash, at a point half-way between present day East Broadway and East Speedway.[55][56]
15 December 1944
a Liberator flying out of Truax Field near Madison, Wisconsin crashed into Lake Pepin on the Minnesota/Wisconsin border. All three aboard were killed. The aircraft was recovered in April, 1945.[57]
B-24H Liberator, 42-52503, was lost during a bombing mission to Regensburg, Germany. On the return trip back to their base in Italy, they were lost over the Adriatic Sea. The official report states that the aircraft was short on fuel and experienced engine trouble. There were no survivors and the entire crew of ten men were declared missing.
A stick of 1,000-lb bombs dropped by Liberator B Mark VI 'R-Roger' of No. 70 Squadron, hit another Liberator B Mark VI, KK320 'V-Victor' of No. 37 Squadron flying underneath, during a daylight raid on the shipbuilding yards at Monfalcone, Italy, KK320 lost the propeller from its port inner engine and suffered a large hole in the forward fuselage as a result of the strike.[58]
RAF Consolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL504, the first Mk II accepted by the British, converted to a very long-range VIP transport for the prime minister and named "Commando", was lost over the Atlantic Ocean. It was travelling between the Azores and Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The prime minister was not on board. Lost with the crew was Air Marshal Sir Peter Roy Maxwell Drummond, the RAF's Air Member for Training.
31 March 1945
The worst aviation accident in Orkney history, that of a B-24 Liberator bomber returning from a perilous mission over Norway, to drop a Special Operations Group over hostile territory, along with a store of arms and equipment during Operasion RYPE under command by William Colby the later director of CIA. However, fate intervened and the crew had no choice but to abort the mission and return to their secondary base in Scotland, but sadly were destined to crash in a field on Orkney with the loss of thirteen men and only one survivor. The story is told in the book "Almost Home: The Story of the B-24 Crash at Walliwall Orkney – 31 March 1945" by David W. Earl.[59][60]
5 April 1945
A B-24H-15-DT, 41-28779 of the 564th Bomb Squadron, 389th Bomb Group (Heavy), was captured by the Luftwaffe on 20 June 1944 (MACR 6533[clarification needed]),[citation needed] and operated as KO+XA by KG 200. It departed Wackersleben, Germany, to avoid the Soviet advance with twenty-nine KG 200 personnel aboard for a flight to Bavaria via Braunschweig. About 25 minutes into the flight, a German flak battery fired on KO+XA, damaging the fuselage, wings, right outer engine and rudder cables, and injuring two passengers (one of whom died). Pilot Oberfeldwebel Rauchfuss landed in a meadow near Quedlinburg, but a power line forced him to apply power to clear it and the bomber broke its nose wheel strut when it overran into a freshly ploughed field. Damaged components were sent for repair and an attempt was made to take off on 13 April, but the clearing proved too short, the aircraft bogged down in the sodden soil, and the nose strut broke again. The crew then destroyed the airframe by burning it.[61]
7 April 1945
On the night between 6 and 7 April 1945, a last attempt was made to send reinforcements to Gjefsjøen mountain farm in German occupied Norway during "Operasjon Rype". Operasion RYPE was under command by William Colby the later director of CIA. The plane was to carry extra personnel and equipment for the Norwegian and American soldiers. It was bad weather the night of April 7 and the plane crashed into the mountain Plukkutjønnfjellet. All 12 died. The plane was part of 492nd Bomb Group, codename "Carpetbagger", with base in Harrington, England.[60]
B-24J-1-FO, 42-95592, "Black Cat", of the 784th Bomb Squadron, 466th Bomb Group, based at RAF Attlebridge (USAAF Station 120), was shot down during military operations over Germany. It had aborted a mission to bomb a rail bridge at Salzburg, Austria, due to bad weather, and was returning to base when it received a flak burst in the port wing near Regensburg. It was the last heavy bomber of the 8th Air Force lost over Germany during World War II,[62] and the only loss of this mission. Only the bombardier and the tail gunner escaped from the aircraft to become prisoners of war, the other ten crew being killed. (MACR 14182[clarification needed])[relevant?]
30 April 1945
The first production PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 59359, was destroyed by fire on the ramp at Lindbergh Field, San Diego, California. It was being prepared for a flight to NAS Twin Cities, Minnesota. A mechanic attempted to remove the port battery solenoid, located 14 inches below the cockpit floor, but did so without disconnecting the battery. A hydraulic line three inches above the battery was accidentally punctured with a wrench and the fluid ignited, setting the entire aircraft alight. The mechanic suffered severe burns and only the starboard outer engine of the aircraft was deemed salvageable. The cause was ruled to be an unqualified mechanic attempting a task that only a qualified electrician should undertake.[53]: 35
7 May 1945
Two B-24 Liberators collided less than a mile northwest of the Liberal Army Airfield, Kansas, killing two officers and an enlisted man. The dead were Lt. Archie B. Caraway, 22, of Torrence, Calif.; Lt. Rubin Indik of Brooklyn, N.Y.; and Private Aloysius H. Frieberger Jr, 24 of Dubuque, Iowa.[63]
10 May 1945
Two PB4Y-2 Privateers, BuNo 59437 and 59721, both of VB-4, collided in mid-air while in training over Munson, Florida. As a F6F Hellcat fighter dove at the formation of two patrol bombers, the bombers maneuvered into a turn and the trailing bomber collided with the leader, disabling one of the leader's engines. The lead bomber went into an immediate spin and crashed. The second PB4Y flew straight and level for a short time before it also spun and crashed. The wreckage came down about eight miles (13 km) north of Munson. Twenty-eight crew were killed, including one found in an unopened parachute.[64][65]
14 May 1945
Consolidated B-24M-15-CO "Brief", 44-42058, of the 494th Bombardment Group from Angaur, was shot down by anti-aircraft fire while taking part in a bombing raid over Koror, Korea. The bomber's left wing was struck by flak fire, destroying it and causing it to swing into the fuselage. Nine crew died in the crash, with the sole survivor, 2nd Lt. Wallace F. Kaufman, captured and later executed by Japanese forces.[66][relevant?]
B-24H-20-FO, 42-94956, c/n 1721, of the 2135th Base Unit, Tyndall Field, Florida, crashed due to bad weather 12 miles (19 km) NW of Southport, Florida. All the crew were killed.[67]
3 November 1945
Consolidated LB-30/C-87 Liberator Express, AL-640,[citation needed] assigned to the 1504th AAF Base Unit, Fairfield-Suisun Army Air Base, crashed into the Pacific Ocean and sank. The aircraft was four hours out of Hawaii en route to Fairfield-Suisun Army Air Base, California, when it ran out of fuel and ditched at 0740 hrs., 500 miles (800 km) NE of Honolulu at approximately 149-50W/25-25N.[citation needed] Eighteen were killed and eight survived on life rafts to be rescued by surface vessels. Seven ships, including aircraft carriers, were involved in the search.[68] One of the survivors, John R. Patrick, was convicted at a court martial of involuntary manslaughter for failing to "determine positively" whether the plane had been refueled before takeoff.[69]
9 November 1949
A U.S. Navy PB4Y-2 Privateer on a training flight crash-landed south of Mikkalo, Oregon, after all four engines "froze up" in flight. One person was killed in the crash.[70]
A U.S. Navy PB4Y-2S Privateer, BuNo 59716, of VW-3,[citation needed] ComFairGuam,[72]NAS Agana, Guam, disappeared while conducing atmospheric research. The aircraft was making a low-level penetration, 200–300 feet (61–91 m), into the eye of Super Typhoon Doris; its transmission of a radio report was interrupted at 2245 hours Zulu. A nine-day search turned up no trace of the aircraft or its nine crew.[73]
15 April 1957
C-87 Liberator Express, registration XA-KUN, operated by Transportes Aéreos Mexicanos crashed shortly after takeoff from Mérida-Rejón Airport. All three aboard and one on the ground were killed. Among those killed was famous Mexican singer and actor Pedro Infante.[74]
Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 66260, civil registration N7620C, suffered a failure killing two crew. The aircraft was flying as Tanker 123 for Hawkins & Powers Aviation of Greybull, Wyoming, under contract to the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), and suffered wing spar failure during a slurry drop at Estes Park, Colorado. Contracts for vintage tanker aircraft were cancelled soon thereafter.
References
^Lloyd, Alwyn T. (1993), Liberator: America's Global Bomber, Pictorial Histories Publishing Co, Inc, ISBN0-929521-82-X
^Andrade, John M., "U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909", Midland Counties Publications, Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK, 1979, ISBN0-904597-22-9, pp. 46–48.
^Associated Press, "30 Army Men Die in 2 Air Crashes: Loss of Wing Causes Catastrophe in Virginia", [sic] The Spokesman-Review, Spokane, Washington, 2 July 1942, Volume 60, Number 49, pp. 1, 2.
^Andrade, John M., "U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909", Midland Counties Publications, Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK, 1979, ISBN0-904597-22-9, p. 46.
^Associated Press. "Eight Killed as Bomber Crashes", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 12 October 1942, Volume 49, p. 2.
^ abAssociated Press, "Eight of Nine-Man Crew Die in Crash", The Spokesman-Review, Spokane, Washington, 13 February 1943, Volume 60, Number 275, p. 3.
^War Department, U.S. Army Air Forces Report of Aircraft Accident #43–2–17–11.
^Copp, DeWitt S., "Forged in Fire", The Air Force Historical Foundation, Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York, 1982, LCCN81-43265, ISBN978-0-385-15911-1, pp. 393–395.
^Mueller, Robert, "Air Force Bases Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982", United States Air Force Historical Research Center, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C., 1989, ISBN978-0-912799-53-7, p. 5.
^Young, David M., "Chicago Aviation: An Illustrated History", Northern Illinois University Press, Dekalb, Illinois, LCCN2002-33803, ISBN0-87580-311-3, Appendix B, p. 221.
^War Department, U.S. Army Air Forces Form 14, Report of Aircraft Accident, 25 May 1943.
^Chicago, Illinois, "Gas Tank Quiz Promised in Air Disaster – Bomber Crash Kills 12 on Board", Chicago Daily Tribune, 21 May 1943, p. 1.
^ abcAssociated Press, "Army Bomber Crashes on Utah Desert, Wrecking Freight Train", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 10 August 1943, Volume 49, p. 1.
^Associated Press, "Bomber's Crash Landing Derails Train in Utah", Ellensburg Daily Record, Ellensburg, Washington, 9 August 1943, Volume 32, Number 186, pp. 1, 6.
^Associated Press, "Bomber Falls on Railroad, Derails Train", The Morning Herald, Gloversville and Johnstown, New York, 10 August 1943, p. 7.
^Associated Press, "Women Marines, 11 Fliers Downed on Desert Island", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 31 October 1944, Volume 51, p. 1.
^ abVeronico, Nicholas A., "Failure at the Factory", Air Enthusiast, Stamford, Lincs, UK, Number 124, July–August 2006.
^Thomas, Geoffrey J., and Ketley, Barry, "KG 200: The Luftwaffe's Most Secret Unit", Hikoki Publications Ltd., Crowborough, East Sussex, UK, 2003, ISBN1-902109-33-3, pp. 164–165.
^Associated Press, "Iowan Killed", Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, 8 May 1945, Volume CIV, Number 110 C, p. 26.
^Associated Press, "28 Killed When Two Big Planes Collide, Burn", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 11 May 1946, Volume 52, page 1.
^Special, "Eddie L. Keefe of Orangeburg Killed in Crash", The State, Columbia, South Carolina, 15 July 1945, p. 8-D.
^Associated Press, "Seven of 27 on Plane Downed in Pacific Dead – Eight Rescued and 12 Missing; Ships Continue Search", The San Bernardino Sun, San Bernardino, California, 4 November 1945, Volume 51, p. 1.
^Associated Press, "Army Convicts Flight Engineer – Survivor of Ocean Crash Sentenced", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 12 January 1946, Volume 52, p. 1.
^Associated Press, "Four Airmen Die in Crash", Daily Chronicle, Centralia, Washington, 22 March 1952
^United States Navy Naval Air Technical Training Command (1950). Aviation Storekeeper. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 170. ComFairGuam exercises control over fleet aircraft, including Marine aircraft units, within that part of the Pacific which compromises the Marianas area.
Konwój autobusów Duńskiego Czerwonego Krzyża prawdopodobnie w okolicy Friedrichsruh w Niemczech Konwój autobusów Szwedzkiego Czerwonego Krzyża we Friedrichsruh w czasie akcji Konwój autobusów Duńskiego Czerwonego Krzyża po powrocie do Danii Białe autobusy, po szwedzku Vita bussarna – akcja humanitarna Szwedzkiego Czerwonego Krzyża przeprowadzona wiosną 1945 na zlecenie rządu Szwecji. Celem akcji początkowo było uwolnienie skandynawskich więźniów z niemieckich obozów kon...
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع كلير جونستون (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) كلير جونستون (كاتبة) (بالإنجليزية: Claire Johnston) معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد سنة 1940 تاريخ الوفاة سنة 1987 (46–...
Taiwanese computer and electronics company Not to be confused with APUS Group, ASOS (retailer), Asos, or Esus. ASUSTeK Computer Inc.Headquarters of ASUS in TaipeiNative name華碩電腦股份有限公司Romanized nameHuáshuò Diànnǎo Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn GōngsīTypePublicTraded asTWSE: 2357IndustryComputer hardwareElectronicsNetworking hardwareFoundedApril 2, 1989; 34 years ago (1989-04-02)FoundersTed HsuM. T. LiaoWayne TsiahT. H. TungLuca D. M.HeadquartersBeitou District, ...
Questa voce è orfana, ovvero priva di collegamenti in entrata da altre voci. Inseriscine almeno uno pertinente e utile e rimuovi l'avviso. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Schema di uno spettro EELS teorico, dove sono indicate il picco senza perdita di energia (zero loss peak), la risonanza dei plasmoni (plasmon resonance), e il picco della perdita di energia causata da un livello di core (atom core-loss peak) La spettroscopia di perdita di energia (in lingua inglese, Electr...
Ilustrasi urutan dari grup G i {\displaystyle G_{i}} menggunakan diagram Venn. Homomorfisme grup f i : G i − 1 → G i {\displaystyle f_{i}:G_{i-1}\to G_{i}} peta G i − 1 {\displaystyle G_{i-1}} ke kernel dari homomorfisme berikutnya. Dengan berkurangnya subgrup dari kiri ke kanan. Barisan eksak adalah sebuah konsep dalam matematika, khususnya dalam teori grup, gelanggang dan modul teori, aljabar homologis, serta dalam geometri diferensial. Barisan eksak adalah barisan terb...
World Championship Wrestling professional wrestling television program This article is about the WCW television specials. For the WWE pay-per-view and WWE Network event, see WWE Clash of Champions. Clash of the ChampionsThe Clash of the Champions logo from 1994 to 1997Also known asNWA: Clash of the ChampionsGenreProfessional wrestlingCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of episodes35ProductionProduction companies Jim Crockett Promotions (1-3) National Wrestling Alliance (...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أغسطس 2019) منتخب جزر العذراء الأمريكية لكرة القاعدة تعديل مصدري - تعديل منتخب جزر العذراء الأمريكية لكرة القاعدة (
Bilateral relationsEU-Liechtenstein relations European Union Liechtenstein Relations between the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) and the European Union (EU) are shaped heavily by Liechtenstein's participation in the European Economic Area (EEA).[citation needed] Comparison European Union Liechtenstein Population 447,206,135[1] 38,896 (2020 estimate)[2] Area 4,324,782 km2 (1,669,808 sq mi)[3] 160 ...
PLUS Opgericht 1988 als Plusmarkt 2001 verder als PLUS Hoofdkantoor Archimedeslaan 21 3584 BA Utrecht Utrecht Nederland Eigenaar/onderdeel PLUS U.A. Vestigingen 550[1] Land(en) Nederland PLUS supermarkt in Delft Vrachtwagen van Simon Loos die voor PLUS rijdt Portaal Economie PLUS is een Nederlandse supermarktketen van de Sperwer Groep die aangesloten is bij de inkooporganisatie Superunie. PLUS telt in Nederland ruim 550[1] vestigingen. Geschiedenis Ontstaan De oor...
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2022) Andy Zaltzman is an English comedian. British humour carries a strong element of satire aimed at the absurdity of everyday life. Common themes include sarcasm, tongue-in-cheek, banter, insults, self-deprecation, taboo subjects, puns, innuendo, wit, and the British class system.[1] These are often accompanied by a deadpan delivery which is present t...
Sunni Muslim dynasty in Spain (1232–1492) This article is about the dynasty that ruled Granada. For for the history of their state, see Emirate of Granada. For the Iranian dynasty that ruled Sistan, see Nasrid dynasty (Sistan). Nasrid dynastyبنو نصرParent houseBanu KhazrajCountryEmirate of GranadaFounded1232; 791 years ago (1232)FounderMuhammad I of GranadaFinal rulerMuhammad XII of GranadaDeposition2 January 1492; 531 years ago (1492-01-02) (Treaty...
Norwegian astronomer, theologist and philosopher Cort AslakssønTombstone of Professor Aslaksen in the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen.Born(1564-06-28)28 June 1564BergenDied7 February 1624(1624-02-07) (aged 59)NationalityNorwegianAlma materUniversity of CopenhagenOccupation(s)Astronomer, theologist and philosopher Cort Aslakssøn (28 June 1564 – 7 February 1624) was a Norwegian astronomer, theologist and philosopher. He was the first Norwegian to become a professor at the Uni...
For other places with the same name, see Prokhorovka. 51°02′11″N 36°44′11″E / 51.03639°N 36.73639°E / 51.03639; 36.73639 A memorial on the Prokhorovka battlefield Prokhorovka's monument to the dead Soviet soldiers Prokhorovka (Russian: Про́хоровка, IPA: [ˈproxərəfkə]) is an urban locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Prokhorovsky District of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, along the Psyol River southeast of the city of...
1990 Indian filmMrudulaDirected byAntony EastmanWritten byAntony EastmanScreenplay byAntony EastmanStarringRaghuMrudulaJagathy SreekumarCaptain RajuCinematographyCE BabuEdited byG MuraliProductioncompanySS PicturesDistributed bySS PicturesRelease date 1990 (1990) CountryIndiaLanguageMalayalam Mrudula is a 1990 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Antony Eastman. The film stars Raghu, Mrudula, Jagathy Sreekumar and Captain Raju.[1][2][3] Cast Raghu as Anirudh Mrudula...
American politician Julie DanielsAssistant Majority Floor Leader of the Oklahoma SenateIncumbentAssumed office December 2022Preceded byJames LeewrightAssistant Majority Whip of the Oklahoma SenateIn officeunknown – December 2022Succeeded byBill ColemanMember of the Oklahoma Senatefrom the 29th districtIncumbentAssumed office November 17, 2016Preceded byJohn Ford Personal detailsBorn (1954-02-12) February 12, 1954 (age 69)Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.Political partyRepu...
Este artigo ou secção contém uma lista de referências no fim do texto, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque não são citadas no corpo do artigo, o que compromete a confiabilidade das informações. Ajude a melhorar este artigo inserindo citações no corpo do artigo. (Abril de 2015) Nota: Para o jornal do Rio Grande do Sul, veja Contexto (jornal). Comunicação Tipos Social Massa Interpessoal Intrapessoal Verbal Não verbal Visual Audiovisual Segmentada Redes Ciberespacial N...
Gunshot residue This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Centralite – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Centralite[1] Names Preferred IUPAC name N,N′-Diethyl-N,N′-Diphenylurea Other names Ethyl centraliteN,N′-...
Bashkir folk epic This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (November 2021) A young man is fighting with div Ural-batyr or Oral-batır (Bashkir: Урал батыр, pronounced [oˈɾɑɫ.bɑˌt...
One of the five stances in kendo Waki-gamaeWaki-no-kamae in Kendo.Japanese nameKanji脇構HiraganaわきがまえTranscriptionsRevised Hepburnwaki-gamaeKunrei-shikiwaki-gamae Waki-gamae (脇構), sometimes shortened to waki, is one of the five stances in kendo: jōdan, chūdan, gedan, hassō and waki, as well as other related and older martial arts involving Japanese sword. Waki-gamae is a stance involving the swordsman hiding the length of one's own blade behind their body, only exposing the...
Knuckle Puck performing in 2018 The following is a sortable table of all songs by Knuckle Puck: The column Song list the song title. The column Writer(s) lists who wrote the song. The column Album lists the album the song is featured on. The column Producer lists the producer of the song. The column Year lists the year in which the song was released. The column Length list the length/duration of the song. Studio recordings Song Writer(s) Album Producer Year Length Alexander Pl. Nick Casasanto...
