1974 railway strike in India

Railway Strike 1974
Date	8 May 1974 (1974-05-08) - 27 May 1974 (1974-05-27)
Location	India
Caused by	Stagnant long working hours of locomotive staff
Goals	Eight-hour working day for locomotive staff
Methods	Strike
Resulted in	Did not succeed, emergency imposed
Parties
All India Railwaymen's Federation Indian Railway Board

The 1974 railway strike in India was a major strike by the workers of Indian Railways in 1974. The strike lasted from 8 to 27 May 1974.^[1] The 20-day strike by 1.7 million (17 lakh) workers is the largest recorded industrial action in the world.^[1][2][3]

Reasons for the strike

The strike was held to demand an eight-hour working day for locomotive staff by the All India Railwaymen's Federation and a raise in pay scale, which had remained stagnant over many years, in spite of the fact that pay scales of other government owned entities had risen over the years.^[4] Furthermore, since British times the Railways termed the work of the locomotive staff as "continuous", implying that workers would have to remain at work as long as the train ran on its trip, often for several days at a stretch. The independence of India did not change this. The eight hour work day had not been implemented in Indian railways by the Railway Board, a quasi government bureaucracy despite having become a free country in 1947, this had led to dissatisfaction among labour, especially locomotive Pilots.^[5] Traditional railway union leaders too were starting to get distant from worker demands and closer instead to politicians, thus leading to further discord.^[3]

The spread of diesel engines and the consequent intensification of work in the Indian Railways since the 1960s resulted in continuous working hours being extended by days, creating much resentment among the workers.^[6] The Railways, although government-owned, remained an organization in which the accepted worldwide standard of an eight-hour working day was violated with impunity.^[3] When the crafts unions raised the issue, they demanded a 12-hour working day for loco running staff. This led to railway strikes by rail workers across the country in 1967, 1968, 1970 and 1973, finally leading to the 1974 strike which was participated in by 70% of the permanent work force of railways. This was not the first railways strike in India, the earliest having occurred in British India in 1862 in Howrah, and a number of strikes having occurred in the private railway companies that operated in British India, most of them becoming part of the Indian freedom struggle.^[1][3]

As President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation, George Fernandes led the strike.

Culmination

The strike commenced on 8 May 1974. The strike was brutally suppressed by the Indira Gandhi government with thousands being sent to jail and losing their jobs. The strike was called off on 27 May 1974.^[7]

References

1. Sridhar, V (15 September 2001). "Chronicle of a strike". Frontline. Vol. 18, no. 19. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
2. "INDIA: Strangulating Strike". TIME. 20 May 1974. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
3. Sherlock, Stephen (14 October 1989). "Railway Workers and Their Unions: Origins of 1974 Indian Railways Strike". Economic and Political Weekly. 24 (41): 2311–2322. JSTOR 4395459. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
4. "THE INDIAN RAILWAYS STRIKE OF 1974: A Study of Power and Organised Labour". Indian railway employee website. Indian railway employee. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
5. Sherlock, Stephen (1 February 2001). The Indian railways strike of 1974: A study of power and organised labour (Hardcover ed.). Mumbai: Rupa & Co. ISBN 8171675344.
6. Ramakrishnan, Nitya (3 June 2018). "Remembering George Fernandes As He Was, Before He Lost Himself". The Wire. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
7. "Looking back at anger". The Hindu. 6 January 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2005. Retrieved 28 September 2023.