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The first trains, initially classified 91 series (91系, 91-kei), entered revenue service on 1 November 1958 on Hiei semi express services operating on the Tokaido Main Line between Tokyo and Nagoya. They were renumbered into the JNR three-digit classification system from 1 June 1959.[1]
From 1972, 153 series sets were introduced on Special Rapid services in the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area to compete against private railway operators.[1] These were replaced by 117 series EMUs by the end of 1980.[1]
A 153 series set on a Special Rapid service in 1978
The last sets remained in service on Tokaido Main Line Hiei and Tokai services until March 1983.[1]
^ abcde 写真とイラストで見る国鉄急行型電車のすべて [JNR Express EMUs in pictures] (in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing Ltd. 29 November 2013. pp. 22–31. ISBN978-4-7770-1532-0.
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