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(5645) 1990 SP
Discovery
Discovered by	R. H. McNaught
Discovery site	Siding Spring Obs.
Discovery date	20 September 1990
Designations
MPC designation	(5645) 1990 SP
Alternative designations	1990 SP
Minor planet category	Apollo · NEO
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	40.89 yr (14,935 days)
Aphelion	1.8798 AU
Perihelion	0.8302 AU
Semi-major axis	1.3550 AU
Eccentricity	0.3873
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.58 yr (576 days)
Mean anomaly	339.42°
Mean motion	0° 37m 29.64s / day
Inclination	13.507°
Longitude of ascending node	45.762°
Argument of perihelion	48.178°
Earth MOID	0.0537 AU
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	1.648 km; 1.65 km (taken); 1.668±0.018 km; 1.849±0.334 km; 2.20±0.74 km
Synodic rotation period	30.39±0.04 h
Geometric albedo	0.06±0.08; 0.062±0.079; 0.068±0.032; 0.0827; 0.121±0.022
Spectral type	P · CXT · S
Absolute magnitude (H)	16.75±0.2 (R) · 16.8 · 17.1 · 17.20±0.3 · 17.24±0.206

(5645) 1990 SP is an eccentric and tumbling asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 1.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 September 1990, by Scottish–Australian astronomer Robert McNaught at the Siding Spring Observatory in Canberra, Australia.^[2] Scientists have said that it has a '1 in 364 billion chance' of colliding with the Earth.

Orbit and classification

The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.8–1.9 AU once every 1 years and 7 months (576 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.39 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

Close approaches

This near-Earth asteroid has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.055 AU (8,200,000 km), only slightly above the threshold minimum distance of 19.5 lunar distances (0.05 AU) to make it a potentially hazardous object. It also makes close approaches to Mars. On 14 April 1969, it passed the Red Planet at only 0.013 AU (1,900,000 km).^[1]

Precovery

Published by the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), a first precovery was taken at the discovering observatory in 1974, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 16 years prior to its discovery.^[2]

Physical characteristics

The stony S-type asteroid is also characterized as a P-type, based on post-cryogenic observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope,^[10] while observations at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility using its SpeX instrument during a follow-up campaign of the Spitzer-observed objects between 2009 and 2012, gave it a C/X/T spectral type.^[11]

Rotation

In April 2002, Czech astronomer Petr Pravec obtained a rotational lightcurve from a photometric observations, which gave a relatively long period of 30.39±0.04 hours with a brightness variation of 0.7 in magnitude (U=2). The observations have also shown that the body is most likely in a tumbling motion.^[4]^[9]

Diameter and albedo

Estimates for the body's diameter range from 1.6 to 2.2 kilometers with an albedo for its surface between 0.06 and 0.12, according to observations made by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and by the Spitzer Space Telescope.^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link takes the revised WISE data – an albedo of 0.0872 and a diameter of 1.65 kilometers – as the best of all available results.^[3]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5645 (1990 SP)" (2015-07-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "5645 (1990 SP)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "LCDB Data for (5645)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 118700974.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J.; Masiero, J.; McMillan, R. S.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (December 2011). "NEOWISE Observations of Near-Earth Objects: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (2): 17. arXiv:1109.6400. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743..156M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/156. S2CID 239991.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; McMillan, R. S.; et al. (November 2012). "Physical Parameters of Asteroids Estimated from the WISE 3-Band Data and NEOWISE Post-Cryogenic Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 760 (1): 6. arXiv:1210.0502. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760L..12M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/760/1/L12. S2CID 41459166.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mueller, Michael; Delbo', M.; Hora, J. L.; Trilling, D. E.; Bhattacharya, B.; Bottke, W. F.; et al. (April 2011). "ExploreNEOs. III. Physical Characterization of 65 Potential Spacecraft Target Asteroids" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 141 (4): 9. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..109M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/109.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pravec, P.; Harris, A. W.; Scheirich, P.; Kusnirák, P.; Sarounová, L.; Hergenrother, C. W.; et al. (January 2005). "Tumbling asteroids". Icarus. 173 (1): 108–131. Bibcode:2005Icar..173..108P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Thomas, C. A.; Trilling, D. E.; Emery, J. P.; Mueller, M.; Hora, J. L.; Benner, L. A. M.; et al. (September 2011). "ExploreNEOs. V. Average Albedo by Taxonomic Complex in the Near-Earth Asteroid Population". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (3): 12. Bibcode:2011AJ....142...85T. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/85.
^ ^a ^b Thomas, Cristina A.; Emery, Joshua P.; Trilling, David E.; Delbó, Marco; Hora, Joseph L.; Mueller, Michael (January 2014). "Physical characterization of Warm Spitzer-observed near-Earth objects". Icarus. 228: 217–246. arXiv:1310.2000. Bibcode:2014Icar..228..217T. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.004. S2CID 119278697.