Κάμπος Χίου

Παραδοσιακό σπίτι στον Κάμπο

Νότια της πόλης εκτείνεται η εύφορη πεδιάδα της Χίου που είναι γνωστή ως Κάμπος, κατάφυτη από περιβόλια με εσπεριδοειδή. Ο Κάμπος διαθέτει πολλά υπόγεια νερά, αλλά και το πιο γόνιμο έδαφος της Χίου. Είναι γεμάτος με κτήματα και θερινές κατοικίες των παλιών αριστοκρατικών οικογενειών της Χίου.

Οι περιηγητές του 18ου και 19ου αιώνα έχουν περιγράψει την ομορφιά αυτού του χώρου με κάθε λεπτομέρεια. Περιδιαβαίνοντας κανείς τα αμέτρητα, στενά και δαιδαλώδη δρομάκια του Κάμπου εντυπωσιάζεται από τα διώροφα και τριώροφα αρχοντικά του. Φτιαγμένα κυρίως από θυμιανούσικη πέτρα με το γήινο κοκκινωπό χρώμα, περιβάλλονται από ψηλούς πέτρινους τοίχους και αυλόθυρες με τοξωτές εισόδους.

Ο Κάμπος άρχισε να κατοικείται από τη Μαόνα, γενουατική εμπορική εταιρία, της οποίας τα περισσότερα μέλη της ανήκαν στην οικογένεια Ιουστινιάνη. Αυτοί είχαν αναλάβει τους οικονομικούς πόρους και το εμπόριο, αλλά και την προστασία του νησιού από τους διάφορους εχθρούς και τους τοπικούς άρχοντες γύρω στον 14ο αιώνα. Υπολογίζεται ότι κάποτε υπήρχαν γύρω στα 200 κτήματα, ελάχιστα όμως σώζονται σήμερα από τα αρχοντικά της πρώτης περιόδου. Σήμερα πολλοί ιδιοκτήτες αρχοντικών φροντίζουν να τα επαναφέρουν στην αρχική τους μορφή, της πρώτης ή της δεύτερης φάσεως μετά το 1881.

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