Software-Ökosystem

Ein Software-Ökosystem (engl. software ecosystem) beschreibt das Zusammenspiel zwischen Organisationen und Unternehmen auf einem geteilten Markt für Softwareentwicklung und (Web)-Services. Hierbei stehen die Beteiligten in ihren Netzwerken und den dadurch gebildeten sozialen oder wirtschaftlichen Ökosystemen mit ihrem Interesse an Software im Mittelpunkt. Oft bildet eine gemeinschaftliche, technologische Plattform (z. B. Java) oder ein gemeinsamer Markt die Basis für geschäftliche Aktivitäten und eine Zusammenarbeit. Das Ökosystem ist durch den Austausch von Informationen, Ressourcen und Artefakten gekennzeichnet.

Ökosysteme in der Geschäftswelt der IT und Softwareentwicklung

Schon seit den frühen 1990er Jahren wurden Strategien und Konzepte der Abhängigkeiten zwischen Unternehmen unter dem Begriff „business ecosystems“ diskutiert[1]. Im Jahr 2003 veröffentlichten dann Messerschmitt und Szyperski ein Buch unter dem Titel Software Ecosystem und legten damit den Grundstein für die spezielle Verwendung im Umfeld der Softwareproduktion. Aus industrieller Sicht beschreibt ein Software-Ökosystem die Produktwelt eines führenden Technologieanbieters und aller in diesem Umfeld aktiven Zulieferer und Produzenten, die auf Produkten und Diensten dieses Schlüsselspielers aufbauen. Aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht gibt es Bestrebungen dieses System zu formalisieren, Slinger Jansen hat hierzu die Modelingssprache SEM (Software Ecosystem Modeling) entwickelt.

Kritik

Richard Stallman (Begründer des GNU-Projekts, Aktivist für freie Software) kritisiert den Begriff, da seines Erachtens die Aspekte einer menschlichen Gemeinschaft vernachlässigt werden. Ethische Bewertungen werden seines Erachtens nicht abgegeben, sondern nur das Zusammenspiel vom Fressen und Gefressen werden, wird von einer neutralen Position begutachtet.[2]

Literatur

  • D. G. Messerschmitt, C. Szyperski: Software Ecosystem: Understanding an Indispensable Technology and Industry, Vol. 1, The MIT Press. 2005, ISBN 0-262-13432-2.
  • K. Popp, R. Meyer: Profit from Software Ecosystems, Books On Demand. 2010.
  • I. van den Berk, S. Jansen, L. Luinenburg: Software ecosystems: a software ecosystem strategy assessment model, ECSA '10 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume, ACM New York, 2010, 127–134.
  • J. Bosch: From software product lines to software ecosystems, ProceedingSPLC '09 Proceedings of the 13th International Software Product Line ConferenceCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, 2009, 111–119.
  • J. Bosch, P. Bosch-Sijtsema: From integration to composition: On the impact of software product lines, global development and ecosystems, Journal of Systems and Software 83(1), 67–76. 2010.
  • P. R. J. Campbell, F. Ahmed, J. Bosch, S. Jansen: 2nd International Workshop on Software Ecosystems (EcoSys), ProceedingECSA '10 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume, ACM New York, 2010, 63–64.
  • I. Hunink, R. van Erk, S. Jansen, S. Brinkkemper: Industry taxonomy engineering: the case of the European software ecosystem, ProceedingECSA '10 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume, ACM New York, 2010, 111–118.
  • S. Jansen, A. Finkelstein, S. Brinkkemper: A sense of community: A research agenda for software ecosystems, 31st International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2009, May 16–24, 2009, Vancouver, Canada, Companion Volume, 187–190.
  • M. F. Lungu: Reverse Engineering Software Ecosystems, PhD thesis, University of Lugano, 2009.
  • R. P. dos Santos, C. M. L. Werner: Revisiting the concept of components in software engineering from a software ecosystem perspective, ECSA '10 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume, ACM New York, 2010, 135–142.
  • Slinger Jansen, Michael Cusumano: Defining Software Ecosystems: A Survey of Software Platforms and Business Network Governance, Proceedings of IWSECO 2012, S. 41–58

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ James F. Moore: The Death of Competition: Leadership & Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems. New York: HarperBusiness, 1996.
  2. ↑ Richard Stallman. Philosophie des GNU-Projekts. Abgerufen am 31. Januar 2011.

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